() was a
Byzantine
The Byzantine Empire, also known as the Eastern Roman Empire, was the continuation of the Roman Empire centred on Constantinople during late antiquity and the Middle Ages. Having survived the events that caused the fall of the Western Roman E ...
honorific title. The title formed the basis for a further compound title, ().
These titles were part of the reordering of the Byzantine titulature under the
Komnenian emperors, where titles formed around the formerly imperial epithet (the Greek translation of ) were created to denote kinship with the emperor. As such, and were among the titles accorded to the emperor's sons-in-law (). According to
Lucien Stiernon was awarded to husbands of the third daughter of a Byzantine emperors, and to the husband of the fourth; while the husband of the second one bore the title of , and of the first that of . and both appear for the first time in the reign of
John II Komnenos
John II Komnenos or Comnenus (; 13 September 1087 – 8 April 1143) was List of Byzantine emperors, Byzantine emperor from 1118 to 1143. Also known as "John the Beautiful" or "John the Good" (), he was the eldest son of Emperor Alexio ...
():
Manuel Anemas, who married John's third daughter Theodora, assumed the latter, while
Theodore Vatatzes who married John's fourth daughter Eudokia, and
Constantine Angelos, who married Alexios' fourth daughter Theodora, assumed the former.
In letters addressed to the bearers of these titles, forms such as () and () appear, but these are merely rhetoric augmentations of the proper titles.
References
Sources
*
* {{cite journal , last = Stiernon , first = Lucien , title = Notes de titulature et de prosopographie byzantines. Sébaste et Gambros , journal = Revue des études byzantines , volume = 23 , year = 1965 , pages = 222–243 , doi= 10.3406/rebyz.1965.1349 , url = http://www.persee.fr/doc/rebyz_0766-5598_1965_num_23_1_1349 , language = French
Byzantine court titles