family
Family (from ) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. Ideally, families offer predictabili ...
, Kyphosidae, (from Greek, ''kyphos'' = hump) of fishes in the order
Perciformes
Perciformes (), also called the Acanthopteri, is an order or superorder of ray-finned fish in the clade Percomorpha. ''Perciformes'' means " perch-like". Among the well-known members of this group are perches and darters ( Percidae), and als ...
native to the
Atlantic
The Atlantic Ocean is the second largest of the world's five oceanic divisions, with an area of about . It covers approximately 17% of Earth's surface and about 24% of its water surface area. During the Age of Discovery, it was known for se ...
,
Indian
Indian or Indians may refer to:
Associated with India
* of or related to India
** Indian people
** Indian diaspora
** Languages of India
** Indian English, a dialect of the English language
** Indian cuisine
Associated with indigenous peoples o ...
and
Pacific
The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest of Earth's five oceanic divisions. It extends from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Southern Ocean, or, depending on the definition, to Antarctica in the south, and is bounded by the cont ...
Oceans usually close to shore in marine waters.
Subfamilies and genera
The four subfamilies with 12 genera in this family are:
* Girellinae
Gill
A gill () is a respiration organ, respiratory organ that many aquatic ecosystem, aquatic organisms use to extract dissolved oxygen from water and to excrete carbon dioxide. The gills of some species, such as hermit crabs, have adapted to allow r ...
, 1862 (nibblers)
** Genus ''
Girella
''Girella'' is a genus (biology), genus of ray-finned fish mostly native to the Pacific Ocean with a smaller presence in the Atlantic oceans.
Species
There are currently 18 recognized species in this genus:
* ''Girella albostriata'' Franz Stein ...
''
Gray
Grey (more frequent in British English) or gray (more frequent in American English) is an intermediate color between black and white. It is a neutral or achromatic color, meaning that it has no chroma. It is the color of a cloud-covered s ...
, 1835
** Genus ''
Graus (fish)
''Graus nigra'' is a species of ray-finned fish endemic to the Pacific coast of South America, ranging from Valdivia in Chile to southern Peru. This species grows to a total length of and is popular as a game fish. This species is the only know ...
''
Philippi
Philippi (; , ''Phílippoi'') was a major Greek city northwest of the nearby island, Thasos. Its original name was Crenides (, ''Krēnĩdes'' "Fountains") after its establishment by Thasian colonists in 360/359 BC. The city was renamed by Phili ...
, 1887
* Kyphosinae Jordan, 1887 (rudderfishes)
** Genus ''
Kyphosus
''Kyphosus'' is a genus of sea chubs native to the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Indian Ocean, Indian and Pacific Ocean, Pacific oceans.
Species
There are currently 16 recognized species in this genus:
* ''Kyphosus analogus'' (Theodore Nicholas Gill ...
Microcanthinae
The Microcanthinae, commonly known as footballers, mados, stripeys, and moonlighters, are a subfamily of the sea chubs, a Family (biology), family of marine (ocean), marine ray-finned fish in the Order (biology), order Perciformes.
Taxonomy
Micr ...
Bleeker Bleeker is a Dutch occupational surname. Bleeker is an old spelling of ''(linnen)bleker'' ("linen bleacher").Atypichthys'' Günther, 1862
** Genus ''
Microcanthus
''Microcanthus'' is a genus
Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV c ...
Neatypus
The western footballer (''Neatypus obliquus''), also known as the footballer sweep, is a species of ray-finned fish endemic to southern reefs of Australia, where it can be found down to . It can also be found in the aquarium trade. This species ...
Tilodon
The moonlighter (''Tilodon sexfasciatus''), is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a member of the family Microcanthidae. It is endemic to southern Australia, where adults can be found on rocky reefs to depths of . Juveniles are found in much ...
Scorpidinae
The Scorpidinae, commonly known as halfmoons, knifefishes, and sweeps, are a subfamily of the family Kyphosidae, the sea chubs, a family of marine fish in the order Perciformes. The Scorpidinae are distributed throughout the Pacific and east In ...
Günther, 1860 (halfmoons)
** Genus ''
Bathystethus
''Bathystethus'' is a genus of ray-finned fish native to the Pacific Ocean. Species
There are currently two recognized species in this genus:
* '' Bathystethus cultratus'' (Bloch
Bloch is a surname of German origin. Notable people with this su ...
'' Gill, 1893
** Genus ''
Labracoglossa
''Labracoglossa'' is a genus of ray-finned fish native to the western Pacific Ocean
The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest of Earth's five Borders of the oceans, oceanic divisions. It extends from the Arctic Ocean in the north to t ...
Medialuna
A medialuna (literally ''half moon'') is a crescent-shaped corral used for rodeos, the official sport in Chile. They are generally in diameter. Chilean rodeos are not quite the same sport famous in the American West; they involve two riders ...
J.L.B. Smith
James Leonard Brierley Smith (26 September 1897 – 8 January 1968) was a South African ichthyologist, organic chemist, and university professor. He was the first to identify a taxidermied fish as a coelacanth, at the time thought to be long ext ...
, 1931
** Genus ''
Scorpis
''Scorpis'' is a genus of marine ray-finned fish from the Family (biology), family Scorpididae which are native to the eastern Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean.
Species
The currently recognized species in this genus are:
* ''Scorpis aequipinn ...
''
Valenciennes
Valenciennes (, also , , ; ; or ; ) is a communes of France, commune in the Nord (French department), Nord Departments of France, department, Hauts-de-France, France.
It lies on the Scheldt () river. Although the city and region experienced ...
1832
Alternative classification
Some authorities raise the subfamilies to full family status as the families Girellidae, Kyphosidae, Microacanthidae and Scorpididae and do not support the
monophyly
In biological cladistics for the classification of organisms, monophyly is the condition of a taxonomic grouping being a clade – that is, a grouping of organisms which meets these criteria:
# the grouping contains its own most recent comm ...
of the Kyphosidae as outlined above.
Atypichthys latus (Mado).jpg, '' Atypichthys latus''
Girella zebra PC260079.JPG, ''
Girella zebra
''Girella zebra'', also known as zebrafish or stripey bream, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a sea chub in the Family (biology), family Kyphosidae. It lives in the Indo-Pacific, where it is Endemism, endemic to the coastal waters of the s ...
''
Kyphosus cinerascens Réunion.jpg, ''
Kyphosus cinerascens
''Kyphosus cinerascens'' is a species of marine ray-finned fish. It is a sea chub from the family
Family (from ) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marri ...
''
タカベ Labracoglossa argentiventris.JPG, ''
Labracoglossa argenteiventris
''Labracoglossa'' is a genus of ray-finned fish native to the western Pacific Ocean
The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest of Earth's five Borders of the oceans, oceanic divisions. It extends from the Arctic Ocean in the north to t ...
''
Microcanthus strigatus.jpg,
Stripey
The stripey (''Microcanthus strigatus''), also known as the footballer or convict fish, is a species of ray-finned fish, a sea chub from the subfamily Microcanthinae which is part of the family Kyphosidae. It is native to the Pacific Ocean whe ...
Scorpis aequipinnis
The sea sweep (''Scorpis aequipinnis''), also known as the maomao, snapjack, or sweep is a species of marine ray-finned fish from the subfamily Scorpidinae of the sea chub family Kyphosidae. It is native to the southwestern Pacific Ocean from A ...