The sea chubs, also known as rudderfish and pilot fish and in Hawaiian as ''enenue'' or ''nenue'',Meigs, Helen, "Save a tuna, eat a vegetarian," Ocean Era, April 25, 2019 Accessed 3 October 2021
/ref> are a

family Family (from ) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. Ideally, families offer predictabili ...

, Kyphosidae, (from Greek, ''kyphos'' = hump) of fishes in the order

Perciformes Perciformes (), also called the Acanthopteri, is an order or superorder of ray-finned fish in the clade Percomorpha. ''Perciformes'' means " perch-like". Among the well-known members of this group are perches and darters ( Percidae), and als ...

native to the

Atlantic The Atlantic Ocean is the second largest of the world's five oceanic divisions, with an area of about . It covers approximately 17% of Earth's surface and about 24% of its water surface area. During the Age of Discovery, it was known for se ...

, Indian and

Pacific The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest of Earth's five oceanic divisions. It extends from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Southern Ocean, or, depending on the definition, to Antarctica in the south, and is bounded by the cont ...

Oceans usually close to shore in marine waters.

Subfamilies and genera

The four subfamilies with 12 genera in this family are: * Girellinae

Gill A gill () is a respiration organ, respiratory organ that many aquatic ecosystem, aquatic organisms use to extract dissolved oxygen from water and to excrete carbon dioxide. The gills of some species, such as hermit crabs, have adapted to allow r ...

, 1862 (nibblers) ** Genus '' Girella''

Gray Grey (more frequent in British English) or gray (more frequent in American English) is an intermediate color between black and white. It is a neutral or achromatic color, meaning that it has no chroma. It is the color of a cloud-covered s ...

, 1835 ** Genus '' Graus (fish)''

Philippi Philippi (; , ''Phílippoi'') was a major Greek city northwest of the nearby island, Thasos. Its original name was Crenides (, ''Krēnĩdes'' "Fountains") after its establishment by Thasian colonists in 360/359 BC. The city was renamed by Phili ...

, 1887 * Kyphosinae Jordan, 1887 (rudderfishes) ** Genus '' Kyphosus'' Lacepède, 1801 *

Microcanthinae The Microcanthinae, commonly known as footballers, mados, stripeys, and moonlighters, are a subfamily of the sea chubs, a Family (biology), family of marine (ocean), marine ray-finned fish in the Order (biology), order Perciformes. Taxonomy Micr ...

Bleeker, 1876 (microanthines) ** Genus '' Atypichthys'' Günther, 1862 ** Genus '' Microcanthus'' Swainson, 1839 ** Genus '' Neatypus'' Waite, 1905 ** Genus '' Tilodon'' Thominot, 1881 * Scorpidinae Günther, 1860 (halfmoons) ** Genus '' Bathystethus'' Gill, 1893 ** Genus '' Labracoglossa'' Peters, 1866 ** Genus '' Medialuna'' Jordan & Fesler, 1893 ** Genus '' Neoscorpis'' J.L.B. Smith, 1931 ** Genus '' Scorpis''

Valenciennes Valenciennes (, also , , ; ; or ; ) is a communes of France, commune in the Nord (French department), Nord Departments of France, department, Hauts-de-France, France. It lies on the Scheldt () river. Although the city and region experienced ...

1832

Alternative classification

Some authorities raise the subfamilies to full family status as the families Girellidae, Kyphosidae, Microacanthidae and Scorpididae and do not support the

monophyly In biological cladistics for the classification of organisms, monophyly is the condition of a taxonomic grouping being a clade – that is, a grouping of organisms which meets these criteria: # the grouping contains its own most recent comm ...

of the Kyphosidae as outlined above. Atypichthys latus (Mado).jpg, '' Atypichthys latus'' Girella zebra PC260079.JPG, ''

Girella zebra ''Girella zebra'', also known as zebrafish or stripey bream, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a sea chub in the Family (biology), family Kyphosidae. It lives in the Indo-Pacific, where it is Endemism, endemic to the coastal waters of the s ...

'' Kyphosus cinerascens Réunion.jpg, '' Kyphosus cinerascens'' タカベ Labracoglossa argentiventris.JPG, '' Labracoglossa argenteiventris'' Microcanthus strigatus.jpg, Stripey (''Microcanthus strigatus'') Neatypus obliquus PC079089.jpg, Western footballer (''Neatypus obliquus'') Scorpis aequipinnis P1020949.JPG, '' Scorpis aequipinnis'' Sectator azureus.jpg, '' Kyphosus ocyurus'' Tilodon sexfasciatus P1061467.JPG, '' Moonlighter'' (''Tilodon sexfasciatus'')

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q1130631 Taxa named by David Starr Jordan