Scribonia (wife Of Crassus)
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Scribonia Magna (), known in modern historical sources as Scribonia Crassi, was a
Roman Roman or Romans most often refers to: *Rome, the capital city of Italy *Ancient Rome, Roman civilization from 8th century BC to 5th century AD *Roman people, the people of Roman civilization *Epistle to the Romans, shortened to Romans, a letter w ...
noblewoman. Scribonia was descended from
Pompey Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus (; 29 September 106 BC – 28 September 48 BC), known in English as Pompey ( ) or Pompey the Great, was a Roman general and statesman who was prominent in the last decades of the Roman Republic. ...
.


Biography

Scribonia was born before 16, as in that year her father was executed on a charge of conspiracy against the Roman emperor
Tiberius Tiberius Julius Caesar Augustus ( ; 16 November 42 BC – 16 March AD 37) was Roman emperor from AD 14 until 37. He succeeded his stepfather Augustus, the first Roman emperor. Tiberius was born in Rome in 42 BC to Roman politician Tiberius Cl ...
. Scribonia was born and raised in
Rome Rome (Italian language, Italian and , ) is the capital city and most populated (municipality) of Italy. It is also the administrative centre of the Lazio Regions of Italy, region and of the Metropolitan City of Rome. A special named with 2, ...
. Very little is known of her life. Scribonia married
Marcus Licinius Crassus Frugi Marcus Licinius Crassus Frugi (flourished 1st century AD) was a Roman nobleman of consular rank who lived during the Roman Empire. Frugi's mother was an unnamed Roman woman, while his father was consul and governor Marcus Licinius Crassus Frugi. ...
,Syme, ''The Roman Revolution'', p.578 a man of consular rank. Frugi's father, consul and governor
Marcus Licinius Crassus Marcus Licinius Crassus (; 115–53 BC) was a ancient Rome, Roman general and statesman who played a key role in the transformation of the Roman Republic into the Roman Empire. He is often called "the richest man in Rome".Wallechinsky, Da ...
, was the adopted son of consul and general
Marcus Licinius Crassus Marcus Licinius Crassus (; 115–53 BC) was a ancient Rome, Roman general and statesman who played a key role in the transformation of the Roman Republic into the Roman Empire. He is often called "the richest man in Rome".Wallechinsky, Da ...
the grandson of triumvir
Marcus Licinius Crassus Marcus Licinius Crassus (; 115–53 BC) was a ancient Rome, Roman general and statesman who played a key role in the transformation of the Roman Republic into the Roman Empire. He is often called "the richest man in Rome".Wallechinsky, Da ...
. He was the last known direct descendant of the triumvir who bore his name.


Children and descendants

Scribonia bore Frugi the following children: *Son,
Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus (; 29 September 106 BC – 28 September 48 BC), known in English as Pompey ( ) or Pompey the Great, was a Roman people, Roman general and statesman who was prominent in the last decades of the Rom ...
. In 43 he married
Claudia Antonia Claudia Antonia (Classical Latin: ANTONIA•CLAUDII•CAESARIS•FILIA (edd), ''Prosopographia Imperii Romani saeculi I, II et III'', Berlin, 1933 - A 886) (c. AD 30–AD 66) was the daughter and oldest surviving child of the Roman Emperor C ...
, only child of Roman emperor
Claudius Tiberius Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus ( ; ; 1 August 10 BC – 13 October AD 54), or Claudius, was a Roman emperor, ruling from AD 41 to 54. A member of the Julio-Claudian dynasty, Claudius was born to Nero Claudius Drusus, Drusus and Ant ...
from his second marriage to
Aelia Paetina Aelia Paetina or Paetina () was the second wife of the Roman Emperor Claudius. Her biological father was a consul of 4 AD, Sextus Aelius Catus, while her mother is unknown. Family She was born into the family of the Aelii Tuberones, and thus ...
. Magnus was murdered in 47. *Son, Marcus Licinius Crassus Frugi. He served as consul in 64 under emperor
Nero Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus ( ; born Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus; 15 December AD 37 – 9 June AD 68) was a Roman emperor and the final emperor of the Julio-Claudian dynasty, reigning from AD 54 until his ...
. The wife of Frugi was
Sulpicia Praetextata Sulpicia Praetextata () was an ancient Roman noblewoman who lived in the Roman Empire in the 1st century. Family background Praetextata was a member of the gens Sulpicia. She was the daughter of Quintus Sulpicius Camerinus Peticus, suffect consul ...
, daughter of the suffect consul in 46,
Quintus Sulpicius Camerinus Peticus Quintus Sulpicius Camerinus Peticus (died 67) was a Roman senator during the reign of Nero. Life Camerinus served as suffect consul in 46 with Marcus Junius Silanus as his colleague, and as proconsul of Africa from 56 to 57. Camerinus was a mem ...
.Rudich, ''Political Dissidence Under Nero: The Price of Dissimulation'', p. 203 Nero had Frugi executed between 66 and 68, because of information brought against him by
Marcus Aquilius Regulus Marcus Aquilius Regulus was a Roman senator, and notorious ''delator'' or informer who was active during the reigns of Nero and Domitian. Regulus is one of the best known examples of this occupation, in the words of Steven Rutledge, due to "the viv ...
.Shelton, ''The Women of Pliny's Letters'', p. 153 In the year 70, early in the reign of
Vespasian Vespasian (; ; 17 November AD 9 – 23 June 79) was Roman emperor from 69 to 79. The last emperor to reign in the Year of the Four Emperors, he founded the Flavian dynasty, which ruled the Empire for 27 years. His fiscal reforms and consolida ...
, Praetextata and her children went to a
Roman Senate The Roman Senate () was the highest and constituting assembly of ancient Rome and its aristocracy. With different powers throughout its existence it lasted from the first days of the city of Rome (traditionally founded in 753 BC) as the Sena ...
meeting seeking vengeance for Frugi's death. Regulus and his associated political circle were prosecuted by the Senate. With Sulpicia Praetextata, Frugi had four children: **Daughter, Licinia Praetextata, who served as a Chief Vestal Virgin.Romeins Imperium – Marcus Licinius Crassus Frugi translated from Dutch to English
/ref> **Son, Lucius Scribonius Libo Rupilius Frugi Bonus, who served as a suffect consul in 88, **Son,
Marcus Licinius Scribonianus Camerinus Marcus Licinius Scribonianus Camerinus was a wealthy Roman Senator that lived in the Roman Empire in the 1st century. Life Camerinus was a member of the ''gens'' Licinia, an aristocratic plebeian family that had a distinguished lineage. He was on ...
, and **Son,
Gaius Calpurnius Piso Crassus Frugi Licinianus Gaius Calpurnius Piso Crassus Frugi Licinianus (died 118) was a Roman senator who lived in the 1st and 2nd centuries. He served as suffect consul for the '' nundinium'' January to April 87, replacing the emperor Domitian. Crassus is best known for ...
, who served as a consul in 87. *Son, Marcus Licinius Crassus Scribonianus. Sometime between 68 and 69 the general
Marcus Antonius Primus Marcus Antonius Primus (born between 20 AD and 35 AD – died after 81 AD) was a senator and general of the Roman Empire. Biography Early life Primus was born at Tolosa (Toulouse) in Gaul. Possibly he was descended from Gauls who had been enfranc ...
, had offered Scribonianus the position of Roman emperor; however Scribonianus refused to accept this. *Son, Lucius Calpurnius Piso Frugi Licinianus or
Lucius Calpurnius Piso Licinianus Lucius Calpurnius Piso Frugi Licinianus (38–69)Tacitus, '' Historiae''Book I, 48."Piso, who was then completing his thirty-first year, had enjoyed more fame than good fortune." was a Roman nobleman who lived in the 1st century. His adoption by ...
(38-69). Licinianus was adopted by the brief Roman emperor
Galba Galba ( ; born Servius Sulpicius Galba; 24 December 3 BC – 15 January AD 69) was Roman emperor, ruling for 7 months from 8 June AD 68 to 15 January 69. He was the first emperor in the Year of the Four Emperors and assumed the throne follow ...
, who reigned between 68 and 69. As Galba's heir, Licinianus was murdered when
Otho Otho ( ; born Marcus Salvius Otho; 28 April 32 – 16 April 69) was Roman emperor, ruling for three months from 15 January to 16 April 69. He was the second emperor of the Year of the Four Emperors. A member of a noble Etruscan civilization, ...
seized the throne. Licinianus married a Roman woman called Verania Germina, who came from a family of consular rank. *Daughter,
Licinia Magna Licinia is the name used by ancient Roman women of the '' gens Licinia''. Known individuals Daughter of Gaius Licinius Varus Licinia (flourished 188 BC–180 BC) was the daughter of Gaius Licinius Varus and the sister of Publius Licinius Crassus ...
. She married the Senator Lucius Calpurnius Piso, who served as one of the consuls in 57. Piso was later killed by Roman emperor
Vespasian Vespasian (; ; 17 November AD 9 – 23 June 79) was Roman emperor from 69 to 79. The last emperor to reign in the Year of the Four Emperors, he founded the Flavian dynasty, which ruled the Empire for 27 years. His fiscal reforms and consolida ...
as an enemy of the emperor. Licinia died at an unknown date from 70 until 80 as her grave altar is dated from this period, which was found on the grounds of Villa Bonaparte near the Porta Salaria. The land may have been part of the family's suburban estates and her grave altar is on display at the
Vatican Museums The Vatican Museums (; ) are the public museums of the Vatican City. They display works from the immense collection amassed by the Catholic Church and the papacy throughout the centuries, including several of the best-known Roman sculptures and ...
. Licinia and Piso had one child: ** Daughter, Calpurnia, who married Calpurnius Piso Galerianus, son of Gaius Calpurnius Piso (co-consul in 41 with
Claudius Tiberius Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus ( ; ; 1 August 10 BC – 13 October AD 54), or Claudius, was a Roman emperor, ruling from AD 41 to 54. A member of the Julio-Claudian dynasty, Claudius was born to Nero Claudius Drusus, Drusus and Ant ...
).''The Cambridge Ancient History''. Vol. 5, VII ed. London: Cambridge University Press, 1970-2007. Calpurnius Piso Galerianus was executed in 70 for opposing Vespasian.Anne Publie. "Les Cneuius"

& Anne Publie. "Les Caesoninus

/ref>


Death

In the spring of 47 Scribonia, her husband and Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus were executed on the orders of Roman empress Valeria
Messalina Valeria Messalina (; ) was the third wife of Roman emperor Claudius. She was a paternal cousin of Emperor Nero, a second cousin of Emperor Caligula, and a great-grandniece of Emperor Augustus. A powerful and influential woman with a reputation ...
. After Scribonia, her husband and her son had died, the three were placed in the tomb of ''Licinii Calpurnii'' that is located on the
Via Salaria The Via Salaria was an ancient Roman road in Italy. It eventually ran from Rome (from Porta Salaria of the Aurelian Walls) to ''Castrum Truentinum'' ( Porto d'Ascoli) on the Adriatic coast, a distance of 242 km. The road also passed throu ...
. Also placed in the tomb was their son, Marcus Licinius Crassus Frugi II.


References


Other sources


Romeins Imperium – Marcus Licinius Crassus Frugi translated from Dutch to English
*Anne Publie. "Les Cneuius"

& Anne Publie. "Les Caesoninus

*
Suetonius Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus (), commonly referred to as Suetonius ( ; – after AD 122), was a Roman historian who wrote during the early Imperial era of the Roman Empire. His most important surviving work is ''De vita Caesarum'', common ...
- The Lives of the Twelves Caesars -
Caligula Gaius Caesar Augustus Germanicus (31 August 12 – 24 January 41), also called Gaius and Caligula (), was Roman emperor from AD 37 until his assassination in 41. He was the son of the Roman general Germanicus and Augustus' granddaughter Ag ...
&
Claudius Tiberius Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus ( ; ; 1 August 10 BC – 13 October AD 54), or Claudius, was a Roman emperor, ruling from AD 41 to 54. A member of the Julio-Claudian dynasty, Claudius was born to Nero Claudius Drusus, Drusus and Ant ...
*http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/Europe/Italy/Lazio/Roma/Rome/_Texts/Lanciani/LANPAC/6*.html *R. Syme, The Roman Revolution, Oxford University Press, 2002 *S.H. Rutledge, Imperial Inquisitions: Prosecutors and Informants from Tiberius to Domitian (Google eBook), Routledge, 2002 *J. Elsner & J. Huskinson, Life, Death and Representation: Some New Work on Roman Sarcophagi (Google eBook), Walter de Gruyter, 2010 *V. Rudich, Political Dissidence Under Nero: The Price of Dissimulation, Routledge, 2013 *J. Shelton, The Women of Pliny's Letters, Routledge, 2013


External links

*https://web.archive.org/web/20080503112904/http://www.ancientlibrary.com/smith-bio/1930.html *https://web.archive.org/web/20070906204222/http://www.ancientlibrary.com/smith-bio/2710.html *{{usurped,
Article title
} *https://web.archive.org/web/20051231184618/http://www.ancientlibrary.com/smith-bio/3573.html

1st-century Roman women 1st-century Romans Scribonii Year of birth unknown Year of death unknown