Scribes—The American Society of Legal Writers—is an organization dedicated to encouraging
legal writers and improving legal writing throughout the entire legal community: in court, in the law office, in the publishing house, and in law school. Founded in 1953, Scribes is the oldest organization of its kind. Scribes has almost 2,700 members, including state and federal judges, practicing lawyers, law-school deans and professors, and legal editors.
Scribes' executive office is in Los Angeles, a
Southwestern Law School Before Southwestern, it was located at the
University of Illinois Chicago School of LawTexas Tech University School of LawThomas M. Cooley Law SchoolBarry University Dwayne O. Andreas School of LawUniversity of Arkansas School of Law an
Wake Forest University School of Law The executive director is Bradley Yost.
Origin
Scribes was formed in 1951 by
Arthur T. Vanderbilt, Chief Justice of the
New Jersey Supreme Court
The Supreme Court of New Jersey is the supreme court, highest court in the U.S. state of New Jersey. In its current form, the Supreme Court of New Jersey is the final judicial authority on all cases in the state court system, including cases cha ...
. That year he invited several like-minded lawyers to join him in creating an organization to assist those who would write about the law as well as to promote better legal writing. Membership was initially limited to members of the legal profession who had published at least one book or three articles on legal subjects; new members were required to be nominated by an existing member. Later, the eligibility requirement was reduced to one book or two articles, and nominations are no longer necessary.
Goals
As written in its Constitution, Scribes' goals are:
# to foster a feeling of fraternity among those who write about the law, and especially among its members;
# to create an interest in writing about the history, philosophy, and language of the law and about those who make, interpret, and enforce it;
# to help and encourage people who write about the law; and
# above all, to promote a clear, succinct, and forceful style in legal writing.
Publications
''The Scribes Journal of Legal Writing''
In 1990, Scribes printed its first volume of ''The Scribes Journal of Legal Writing''. The initial circulation was 3,000 copies; its editor in chief was
Bryan Garner
Bryan Andrew Garner (born November 17, 1958) is an American legal scholar and lexicographer. He has written more than two dozen books about English usage and style such as ''Garner's Modern English Usage'' for a general audience, and others for l ...
, then a young law-school professor at the
University of Texas
The University of Texas at Austin (UT Austin, UT, or Texas) is a public research university in Austin, Texas, United States. Founded in 1883, it is the flagship institution of the University of Texas System. With 53,082 students as of fall 2 ...
. Today, Garner is recognized as the preeminent authority on legal writing and language.
From 2001 through 2013, the editor in chief was Professor Joseph Kimble, who is widely known for his plain-language advocacy and his work restyling the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure and Evidence. From 2013 to 2022, Professor Mark Cooney served as editor in chief. The current editor in chief i
Professor Megan E. Boyd
The ''Journal'' is widely read and cited. Its distribution exceeds 6,000 copies, and it has published articles by some of the best-known figures in legal writing, including Bryan Garner, Joseph Kimble,
Charles Alan Wright, Judge
Richard Posner
Richard Allen Posner (; born January 11, 1939) is an American legal scholar and retired United States circuit judge who served on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit from 1981 to 2017. A senior lecturer at the University of Chicag ...
,
Lawrence M. Friedman, Richard Wydick, Reed Dickerson, Dean Darby Dickerson,
Irving Younger, Steven Stark, Ken Adams, Ross Guberman, and Wayne Schiess.
Volume 13 of the ''Scribes Journal'' featured the transcripts of interviews with justices of the
United States Supreme Court
The Supreme Court of the United States (SCOTUS) is the highest court in the federal judiciary of the United States. It has ultimate appellate jurisdiction over all U.S. federal court cases, and over state court cases that turn on question ...
.
The interviews were conducted by
Bryan Garner
Bryan Andrew Garner (born November 17, 1958) is an American legal scholar and lexicographer. He has written more than two dozen books about English usage and style such as ''Garner's Modern English Usage'' for a general audience, and others for l ...
.
''The Scrivener''
''The Scrivener'' has been Scribes' newsletter since 1974. Originally it was used for membership updates and organizational news, but today it also includes shorter pieces about legal writing and publishing.
The editor of The Scrivener is Professor Maureen Kordesh of UIC John Marshall Law School, The University of Illinois at Chicago.
Other publications
In 1960, Scribes issued ''Advocacy and the King's English'', published by
Bobbs-Merrill Company. Forty years later, the book was reissued under the title ''Classic Essays on Legal Advocacy'', published by The Lawbook Exchange in
Clark, New Jersey
Clark is a Township (New Jersey), township in southern Union County, New Jersey, Union County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 United States census, the township's population was 15,544, an increase of 788 (+5.3%) from the 2010 U ...
.
Awards
Lifetime-Achievement Awards
The Scribes Lifetime-Achievement Award is presented to persons who have had a great influence on legal writing or distinguished themselves in their own writing:
* 2002 – Judge
Guido Calabresi
Guido Calabresi (born October 18, 1932) is an Italian-born American jurist who serves as a senior circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit. He is a former Dean of Yale Law School, where he has been a professor s ...
,
U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, and former Dean and Professor at
Yale Law School
Yale Law School (YLS) is the law school of Yale University, a Private university, private research university in New Haven, Connecticut. It was established in 1824. The 2020–21 acceptance rate was 4%, the lowest of any law school in the United ...
;
* 2004 –
Richard S. Arnold
Richard Sheppard Arnold (March 26, 1936 – September 23, 2004) was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Arkansas and the United States District Court for the Western District of Arkansa ...
, Chief Judge on the
U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit
* 2008 – Justice
Antonin Scalia
Antonin Gregory Scalia (March 11, 1936 – February 13, 2016) was an American jurist who served as an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States from 1986 until his death in 2016. He was described as the intellectual an ...
, Associate Justice of the
United States Supreme Court
The Supreme Court of the United States (SCOTUS) is the highest court in the federal judiciary of the United States. It has ultimate appellate jurisdiction over all U.S. federal court cases, and over state court cases that turn on question ...
* 2009 – Justice
Ruth Bader Ginsburg
Joan Ruth Bader Ginsburg ( ; Bader; March 15, 1933 – September 18, 2020) was an American lawyer and jurist who served as an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States from 1993 until Death and state funeral of Ruth Bader ...
Associate Justice of the
United States Supreme Court
The Supreme Court of the United States (SCOTUS) is the highest court in the federal judiciary of the United States. It has ultimate appellate jurisdiction over all U.S. federal court cases, and over state court cases that turn on question ...
* 2010 – Professor Emeritus Richard C. Wydick, in 2010,
UC Davis School of Law
The University of California, Davis School of Law is the professional graduate law school of the University of California, Davis. The school received ABA approval in 1968. It joined the Association of American Law Schools (AALS) in 1968.
UC Da ...
, and author of ''Plain English for Lawyers'' (Carolina Academic Press).
* 2012 – Justice
John Paul Stevens
John Paul Stevens (April 20, 1920 – July 16, 2019) was an American lawyer and jurist who served as an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States from 1975 to 2010. At the time of his retirement, he was the second-oldes ...
, Associate Justice of the
United States Supreme Court
The Supreme Court of the United States (SCOTUS) is the highest court in the federal judiciary of the United States. It has ultimate appellate jurisdiction over all U.S. federal court cases, and over state court cases that turn on question ...
* 2015 – The Right Honorable
Harry Woolf, Baron Woolf
Harry Kenneth Woolf, Baron Woolf (born 2 May 1933) is a British life peer and retired barrister and judge. He was Master of the Rolls from 1996 until 2000 and Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales from 2000 until 2005. The Constitutional Ref ...
, Master of the Rolls from 1996 until 2000 and Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales from 2000 until 2005;
* 2016 –
Frank Easterbrook, former Chief Judge of the
U.S. Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit;
[''Lifetime Achievement Awards for Judges Richard Posner and Frank Easterbrook to be Presented in Chicago'', The Scrivener, 3 (Spring 2016), http://media.wix.com/ugd/3eec74_08cef03a187a441c9ceb2fc171b827a6.pdf.]
* 2016 – Former Chief Judge
Richard Posner
Richard Allen Posner (; born January 11, 1939) is an American legal scholar and retired United States circuit judge who served on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit from 1981 to 2017. A senior lecturer at the University of Chicag ...
, U.S. Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit
* 2017 – The Honorable Robert Henry, President, Oklahoma City University
* 2018 – Chief Judge Diane Wood, U.S. Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit
* 2019 – Justice
Stephen G. Breyer, Associate Justice of the
United States Supreme Court
The Supreme Court of the United States (SCOTUS) is the highest court in the federal judiciary of the United States. It has ultimate appellate jurisdiction over all U.S. federal court cases, and over state court cases that turn on question ...
* 2020 –
Bryan A. Garner
Bryan Andrew Garner (born November 17, 1958) is an American legal scholar and lexicographer. He has written more than two dozen books about English usage and style such as ''Garner's Modern English Usage'' for a general audience, and others for l ...
* 2022 –
William C. Burton
Book Award
Since 1961, Scribes has presented its annual Book Award for the best legal work published during the previous year. The Scribes Book-Award Committee reviews up to 40 submissions each year, and the award is presented at Scribes' annual meeting or CLE where the author usually speaks and signs copies of the book.
A list of winners of the Scribes Book Award is posted on the Scribes website.
Law-Review Award
Since 1987, Scribes has presented its annual Law-Review Award for the best student-written article published in a law review or law journal. Each year, the editors of every law review and law journal are encouraged to submit their best student-written note or comment. Volunteer legal-writing professors and attorneys review the submissions and nominate the finalists to the Scribes selection committee. The committee selects a winner. Until 2017, the award was presented during the annual meeting of the
National Conference of Law Reviews.
Since then, Scribes has presented the award at its Annual Meeting.
Brief-Writing Award
In 1996, Scribes began an annual Brief-Writing Award for the best student-written brief. Each year, any law student who won best brief in a regional or national moot-court competition may submit the brief to Scribes, which then honors the best of the best. As with the Law-Review Award, volunteer legal-writing professors review the articles and decide on the finalists. The Scribes committee selects a winner, who receives the award at Scribes's annual meeting or CLE.
National Order of Scribes
In 2007, Scribes created the National Order of Scribes to honor graduating law students who excel in legal writing. Each year, every law school that is an institutional member of Scribes may nominate law students to be inducted into the National Order of Scribes. As with other Scribes awards, a list of all honorees, past and present, appear on the Scribes website.
Programs & CLEs
Scribes has on several occasions participated in legal-writing programs at the
American Bar Association
The American Bar Association (ABA) is a voluntary association, voluntary bar association of lawyers and law students in the United States; national in scope, it is not specific to any single jurisdiction. Founded in 1878, the ABA's stated acti ...
's annual meetings. In 2007, Scribes participated in the annual meeting of the
Association of American Law Schools
The Association of American Law Schools (AALS), formed in 1900, is a non-profit organization of 175 law schools in the United States. An additional 19 schools pay a fee to receive services but are not members. AALS incorporated as a 501(c)(3) non- ...
in
Washington, D.C.
Washington, D.C., formally the District of Columbia and commonly known as Washington or D.C., is the capital city and federal district of the United States. The city is on the Potomac River, across from Virginia, and shares land borders with ...
, where it presented a panel discussion on "Jury Instructions in Plain English." In 2008, Scribes teamed up with the
New York City Bar Association
The Association of the Bar of the City of New York, commonly referred to as the New York City Bar Association (City Bar), founded in 1870, is a voluntary association of lawyers and law students. Since 1896, the organization has been headquartere ...
's Legal History Committee to cosponsor a symposium on
Abraham Lincoln
Abraham Lincoln (February 12, 1809 – April 15, 1865) was the 16th president of the United States, serving from 1861 until Assassination of Abraham Lincoln, his assassination in 1865. He led the United States through the American Civil War ...
's legal writing.
Recently, Scribes has also made a point of speaking directly to law students about legal writing. Since 2006, institutional-member law schools have hosted Scribes's annual board meetings. In return, Scribes conducts legal-writing programs for the school's students.
In 2016, Scribes began hosting annual CLEs for legal professionals. The first CLE was hosting at
The John Marshall Law School in Chicago, Illinois. The second CLE was hosted in Houston, Texas.
In 2023, Scribes launched the National Conference for Law Review Editors. Held in late March or early April, this virtual conference is designed as a training session for incoming editors of student-edited law reviews and law journals.
Membership
Scribes had 41 members at its first meeting in the early 1950s. Today, membership has grown to almost 2,700 members, including state and federal judges, practicing lawyers, law-school deans and professors, and legal editors. Any member of the legal profession is eligible to join.
In 1990, President Roy M. Mersky helped develop a new category of membership for law schools: institutional membership. Since then, 37 law schools have become institutional members. Once a law school becomes an institutional member, professors at those schools automatically become a Scribes member if they meet the other eligibility requirements. In the mid-2000s, institutional membership expanded to include appellate courts; once an appellate court becomes an institutional member, the judges on that court automatically become members of Scribes as well.
Past presidents
* 1953–1957 Sidney Teiser
* 1957–1958 Eugene C. Gerhart
* 1958–1959 Gibson Witherspoon
* 1959–1960 Harry Gershenson
* 1960–1961 Walter P. Armstrong
* 1961–1962 William A. Schnader
* 1962–1963 Justice E.J. Dimock
* 1963–1964 Judge Charles W. Joiner
* 1964–1965 Willoughby A. Colby
* 1965–1966 Herman Finklestein
* 1966–1967 Justice Laurence Hyde
* 1967–1968 Warren V. Ludlam Jr.
* 1968–1969 Paul Wolkin
* 1969–1970 Rufus King
* 1970–1971 Eugene C. Gerhart
* 1971–1972 Sidney Bernstein
* 1972–1973 Howard L. Oleck
* 1973–1974 Jack Kleiner
* 1974–1975 James J. Brown
* 1975–1976 Bobby D. Dyess
* 1976–1977 Frederick D. Lewis
* 1977–1978 Justice William H. Erickson
* 1978–1979 Judge
Edward D. Re, Chief Judge of the U.S. Customs Court (later the U.S. Court of International Trade)
* 1979–1980 H. Sol Clark
* 1980–1981 Francis L. Kenney Jr.
* 1981–1982 E. Donald Shapiro
* 1982–1983 Joseph J. Marticelli
* 1983–1984 Margaret S. Bearn
* 1984–1985 Michael Cardozo
* 1985–1986 Rudolph Hasl
* 1986–1987 Justice Charles Blackmar
* 1987–1989 Roger Billings
* 1989–1991 Kenneth A. Zick
* 1991–1993 Roy M. Mersky
* 1993–1995 Lynne P. Iannelli
* 1995–1997 Marianna Smith
* 1997–1999 Bryan A. Garner
* 1999–2001 Gary Spivey
* 2001–2003 Donald J. Dunn
* 2003–2005 Beverly Ray Burlingame
* 2005–2007 Norman Otto Stockmeyer
* 2007–2009 Stuart Shiffman
* 2009–2012 Steven R. Smith, Dean, California Western School of Law
* 2012–2015 Darby Dickerson, Dean, Texas Tech University School of Law and Innagural Dean of UIC John Marshall Law School, The University of Illinois at Chicago)
* 2015–2018 Michael B. Hyman, Justice, Illinois Appellate Court
* 2018–2020 Mark E. Wojcik, Professor, UIC John Marshall Law School, The University of Illinois at Chicago
* 2020–2022
Susan Hanley Duncan, Dean, University of Mississippi School of Law
* 2022–2024 John Browning, Distinguished Jurist in Residence, Jones Law School, Faulkner University
* 2024–2025 Darby Dickerson, President & Dean, Southwestern Law School
For a historical list of past award winners and other executive board members, see Thomas M. Steele and Norman Otto Stockmeyer, ''Scribes After More Than 50 Years – A History'', 12 The Scribes Journal of Legal Writing 1 (2008–2009).
References
External links
* {{Official website, http://www.scribes.org/
Legal organizations based in the United States
Plain English
University of Illinois Chicago
Organizations based in Chicago