Scott P. Carroll is an American

evolutionary biologist Evolutionary biology is the subfield of biology that studies the evolutionary processes such as natural selection, common descent, and speciation that produced the diversity of life on Earth. In the 1930s, the discipline of evolutionary biol ...

and

ecologist Ecology () is the natural science of the relationships among living organisms and their environment. Ecology considers organisms at the individual, population, community, ecosystem, and biosphere levels. Ecology overlaps with the closely re ...

affiliated with the

University of California, Davis The University of California, Davis (UC Davis, UCD, or Davis) is a Public university, public Land-grant university, land-grant research university in Davis, California, United States. It is the northernmost of the ten campuses of the University ...

and the

University of Queensland The University of Queensland is a Public university, public research university located primarily in Brisbane, the capital city of the Australian state of Queensland. Founded in 1909 by the Queensland parliament, UQ is one of the six sandstone ...

. Carroll's main interests are in exploring contemporary evolution to better understand adaptive processes and how those processes can be harnessed to develop solutions to evolutionary challenges in food production, medical care and environmental conservation. With Charles W. Fox, Carroll edite
''Conservation Biology: Evolution in Action''
a book published by

Oxford University Press Oxford University Press (OUP) is the publishing house of the University of Oxford. It is the largest university press in the world. Its first book was printed in Oxford in 1478, with the Press officially granted the legal right to print books ...

in 2008 in which contributors, across the field of

evolutionary biology Evolutionary biology is the subfield of biology that studies the evolutionary processes such as natural selection, common descent, and speciation that produced the diversity of life on Earth. In the 1930s, the discipline of evolutionary biolo ...

and

conservation Conservation is the preservation or efficient use of resources, or the conservation of various quantities under physical laws. Conservation may also refer to: Environment and natural resources * Nature conservation, the protection and manage ...

, apply evolutionary thinking to concepts and practices in conservation biology, an area of research sometimes called

evolutionary ecology Evolutionary ecology lies at the intersection of ecology and evolutionary biology. It approaches the study of ecology in a way that explicitly considers the evolutionary histories of species and the interactions between them. Conversely, it can ...

. Carroll is founding director of the Institute for Contemporary Evolution.

Life and career

Scott P. Carroll was awarded his Ph.D. in biology at the

University of Utah The University of Utah (the U, U of U, or simply Utah) is a public university, public research university in Salt Lake City, Utah, United States. It was established in 1850 as the University of Deseret (Book of Mormon), Deseret by the General A ...

in 1990. He gained his Master of Science in 1983 at the

University of Oklahoma The University of Oklahoma (OU) is a Public university, public research university in Norman, Oklahoma, United States. Founded in 1890, it had existed in Oklahoma Territory near Indian Territory for 17 years before the two territories became the ...

, graduating in 1981 with a Bachelor of Science in ecology and behavioral biology (magna cum laude) at the

University of Minnesota The University of Minnesota Twin Cities (historically known as University of Minnesota) is a public university, public Land-grant university, land-grant research university in the Minneapolis–Saint Paul, Twin Cities of Minneapolis and Saint ...

. After gaining his Ph. D. Carrol worked as an academic in Costa Rica, first working at the

University of California The University of California (UC) is a public university, public Land-grant university, land-grant research university, research university system in the U.S. state of California. Headquartered in Oakland, California, Oakland, the system is co ...

in 1991. In 2003–04 and again in 2007–08 he was a

Fulbright Scholar The Fulbright Program, including the Fulbright–Hays Program, is one of several United States cultural exchange programs with the goal of improving intercultural relations, cultural diplomacy, and intercultural competence between the peopl ...

at University of Queensland.

Professional practice

As a principal of Carroll-Loye Biological Research Consulting, Carroll undertakes insect repellent development, testing and registration, providing US EPA compliant efficacy evaluations of both conventional and biological insect repellents. Amanda Mascarelli of the

LA Times The ''Los Angeles Times'' is an American daily newspaper that began publishing in Los Angeles, California, in 1881. Based in the Greater Los Angeles city of El Segundo since 2018, it is the sixth-largest newspaper in the U.S. and the large ...

has written several articles on insect repellents with the help of Carroll-Loye. In July 2014 Carroll appeared on ''

Good Morning America ''Good Morning America'', often abbreviated as ''GMA'', is an American breakfast television, morning television program that is broadcast on American Broadcasting Company, ABC. It debuted on November 3, 1975, and first expanded to weekends wit ...

'' assisting reporter Becky Worley with a mosquito box in a story comparing

DEET ''N'',''N''-Diethyl-''meta''-toluamide, also called diethyltoluamide or DEET (, from DET, the initials of di- + ethyl + toluamide), is the oldest, one of the most effective, and most common active ingredients in commercial insect repellents. ...

based sprays with

Picaridin Icaridin, also known as picaridin, is an insect repellent which can be used directly on skin or clothing. It has broad efficacy against various arthropods such as mosquitos, ticks, gnats, flies and fleas, and is almost colorless and odorless. A s ...

Awards and honours

* 2014 Paper �
Carroll and Corneli 1995
�� chosen to lead a virtual issue highlighting influential papers in the first 25 years of the journal

Behavioral Ecology Behavioral ecology, also spelled behavioural ecology, is the study of the evolutionary basis for ethology, animal behavior due to ecology, ecological pressures. Behavioral ecology emerged from ethology after Niko Tinbergen outlined Tinbergen's f ...

. * 201
Adaptive versus non‐adaptive phenotypic plasticity and the potential for contemporary adaptation in new environments
published in April 2007 (Volume 21) in Functional Ecology selected as one of the top 100 most influential papers ever published by the

British Ecological Society The British Ecological Society is a learned society in the field of ecology that was founded in 1913. It is the oldest ecological society in the world. The Society's original objective was "to promote and foster the study of Ecology in its widest ...

(co author with C. K. Ghalambor of Colorado State University, et al.) * 2012 Plenary Speaker Annual Meeting of the Animal Behavior Society, Albuquerque, New Mexico. * 2007 Fulbright Inaugural Alumni Initiative Award, Australian-American Fulbright Commission.

Controversy

In conservation biology Carroll cautions against overzealous "native species bias", which he believes may sometimes result in environmentally unwise, expensive and ultimately unsuccessful non-native-species eradication attempts, appearing as one of 19 authors (led by Mark Davis) of "Don't judge species on their origins" in ''Nature'', Issue 7350. This area of conservation biology is hotly debated, the Mark Davis et al. article sparking a response from Daniel Simberloff and another 140 scientists, also in ''Nature'' entitled "Non-natives: 141 scientists object." Carroll and co-author Matthew Chew then responded to Simberloff et al. in an opinion piece in ''The Scientist''. In a special issue of ''Evolutionary Applications'' in March 2011, Carroll proposes a conciliatory approach to manage the eco-evolutionary dynamics resulting from interactions of natives with non-natives. Carroll expanded on his views on conciliation biology in an address to the

Commonwealth Club of California The Commonwealth Club World Affairs of California is a non-profit, non-partisan educational organization based in Northern California. Founded in 1903, it is the oldest and largest public affairs forum in the United States. Membership is open to ...

, "An approach to conservation that reconciles past, present and future landscapes in nature", part of the Commonwealth Club's program “The science of conservation and biodiversity in the 21st century.” Sharon Levy quotes Carroll in ''OnEarth'' magazine as saying: "Conciliation biology offers a valuable insight, not that we must give up the fight against invasive species but that we can enlist strong allies in the wild." Ann Hild, a shrub-land ecologist at the University of Wyoming, says: "The heart of Carroll's argument will be hard for many to accept, because it means we're no longer striving for a pristine community of native plants." Levy agrees Carroll's is "the most practical approach in some cases, but preventing new invasions still seems most vital.

Publications

Books

* 2011 Carroll, SP, Kinnison, M, and Bernatchez, L eds. In the Light of Evolution: Interdisciplinary Challenges in Food, Health and the Environment. Evolutionary Applications 4:155–413. * 2009 Carroll, SP, ed. Causes and consequences of adaptive evolution. Functional Ecology. * 2008 Carroll, SP and Fox, CW, eds. Conservation Biology–Evolution in Action. 380 pp. Oxford: Oxford University Press. * 2007 Hendry, ., Carroll, SP, and Reznick, D, eds. Evolution on Ecological Time-Scales (special feature with nine articles). Functional Ecology 21:387–477.

Textbooks

Included in: * Barton, NH, Briggs, DEG, Eisen, JA, Goldstein, DB and Patel, NH, 2007. Evolution. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor. * Boyd, R and Silk, JB, 2008. How humans evolved. WW Norton & Company, New York. * Frankham, R, Ballou, JD, and Briscoe, DA, 2009. Introduction to conservation genetics, p. 420. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. * Freeman, S and Herron, JC, 2007. Evolutionary analysis (4th edition). Benjamin Cummings, New York. * Freeman, S, 2005. Biological science. Pearson Prentice Hall, New York. * Futuyma, DJ, 2009. Evolution, pp. 349–350. Sinauer Assoc. Inc., Sunderland, MA. * Garland, T and Rose, MR, 2009. Experimental Evolution, pp. 181–182. University of California Press, Los Angeles. * Molles, MC, 2009. Ecology, concepts and applications, pp. 91–98. McGraw-Hill, New York. * Moore, J and Moore, R, 2006. Evolution 101. Greenwood Publishing Group, Westport, CT. * Roff, D, 2002. Life history evolution. Sinauer Assoc., Inc., Sunderland, MA. * Simmons, LW, 2001. Sperm competition and its evolutionary consequences in the insects. Princeton University Press. * Zimmer, C and Emlen, DJ, 2012. Evolution: Making Sense of Life. Roberts.

Popular books

Mentioned in: * Coyne, JA 2010. Why evolution is true. Penguin, New York. * Weiner, J 1995. The beak of the finch, a story of evolution in our time.

Journal articles

In order of most citations as of 3 September 2014
Adaptive versus non‐adaptive phenotypic plasticity and the potential for contemporary adaptation in new environments
Cameron K Ghalambor, John K McKay, Scott P Carroll, David N Reznick, 2007, Functional Ecology, Volume 2, Issue 3, Blackwell Publishing Ltd (cited by 603 as of 3 September 2014).
Evolution on ecological time‐scales
SP Carroll, AP Hendry, DN Reznick, CW Fox - Functional Ecology, 2007
Don't judge species on their origins
MA Davis et al. Nature, 2011
Evolutionary responses of natives to introduced species: what do introductions tell us about natural communities?
SY Strauss, JA Lau, SP Carroll - Ecology Letters, 2006
Host race radiation in the soapberry bug: natural history with the history.
SP Carroll, C Boyd - Evolution, 1992
Genetic differentiation of fitness-associated traits among rapidly evolving populations of the soapberry bug
SP Carroll, H Dingle, SP Klassen - Evolution, 1997
And the beak shall inherit–evolution in response to invasion
SP Carroll, JE Loye, H Dingle, M Mathieson, TR Famula, MP Zalucki, Ecology Letters 8 (9), 944-951
Genetic architecture of adaptive differentiation in evolving host races of the soapberry bug, ''Jadera haematoloma''
SP Carroll, H Dingle, TR Famula, CW Fox, Genetica 112 (1), 257–272
The biology of post-invasion events
SP Carroll, H Dingle - Biological Conservation, 1996
Rapidly evolving adaptations to host ecology and nutrition in the soapberry bug
SP Carroll, SP Klassen, H Dingle - Evolutionary Ecology, 1998
Birds, bugs and blood: avian parasitism and conservation
J Loye, S Carroll - Trends in Ecology &Evolution, 1995
Evolutionary principles and their practical application
AP Hendry et al. Evolutionary Applications, 2011
Nest ectoparasite abundance and cliff swallow colony site selection, nestling development, and departure time
JE Loye, SP Carroll - Bird–parasite interactions: Ecology, evolution and …, 1991
Conciliation biology: the eco‐evolutionary management of permanently invaded biotic systems
SP Carroll - Evolutionary Applications, 2011

References

External links

Carroll-Loye Biological Research Consulting
{{DEFAULTSORT:Carroll, Scott Year of birth missing (living people) Living people American evolutionary biologists American ecologists University of Utah alumni University of Oklahoma alumni University of Minnesota College of Biological Sciences alumni University of California, Davis faculty 20th-century American biologists 20th-century American male writers 21st-century American male writers 21st-century American biologists 20th-century American non-fiction writers 21st-century American non-fiction writers