Scombriformes, also known as Pelagia and Pelagiaria, is an
order
Order, ORDER or Orders may refer to:
* A socio-political or established or existing order, e.g. World order, Ancien Regime, Pax Britannica
* Categorization, the process in which ideas and objects are recognized, differentiated, and understood
...
of
ray-finned fish
Actinopterygii (; ), members of which are known as ray-finned fish or actinopterygians, is a class of bony fish that comprise over 50% of living vertebrate species. They are so called because of their lightly built fins made of webbings of sk ...
within the clade
Percomorpha
Percomorpha () is an extremely large and diverse clade of ray-finned fish. With more than 17,000 known species (including Scombroidei, tuna, Syngnathiformes, seahorses, gobies, Cichlidae, cichlids, flatfish, Labridae, wrasse, Perciformes, perches ...
.
It contains 287
extant
Extant or Least-concern species, least concern is the opposite of the word extinct. It may refer to:
* Extant hereditary titles
* Extant literature, surviving literature, such as ''Beowulf'', the oldest extant manuscript written in English
* Exta ...
species in 16
families
Family (from ) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. Ideally, families offer predictability, structure, and safety as ...
, most of which were previously classified under the
suborder
Order () is one of the eight major hierarchical taxonomic ranks in Linnaean taxonomy. It is classified between family and class. In biological classification, the order is a taxonomic rank used in the classification of organisms and recognized ...
s
Scombroidei and
Stromateoidei of the order
Perciformes
Perciformes (), also called the Acanthopteri, is an order or superorder of ray-finned fish in the clade Percomorpha. ''Perciformes'' means " perch-like". Among the well-known members of this group are perches and darters ( Percidae), and als ...
.
The earliest known scombriform is the
scombrid ''
Landanichthys'' from the
Middle Paleocene of
Angola
Angola, officially the Republic of Angola, is a country on the west-Central Africa, central coast of Southern Africa. It is the second-largest Portuguese-speaking world, Portuguese-speaking (Lusophone) country in both total area and List of c ...
.
Taxonomy
Scombriformes includes the following families:
Scombridae
The mackerel, tuna, and bonito family, Scombridae, includes many of the most important and familiar food fishes. The family consists of 51 species in 15 genera and two subfamilies. All species are in the subfamily Scombrinae, except the but ...
*** Subfamily Gasterochismatinae (butterfly kingfish)
*** Subfamily Scombrinae (mackerels, bonitos and tunas)
** Family Caristiidae
Caristiidae, the manefishes, are a family of scombriform ray-finned fishes which today includes 19 extant taxon, extant species distributed in four genera.
Taxonomy
The following genera are known:
* ''Caristius'' Theodore Nicholas Gill, Gill ...
(manefishes)
** Family Bramidae
Pomfrets are scombriform fish belonging to the family Bramidae. The family currently includes 20 species across seven genera. Several species are important food sources for humans, especially ''Brama brama'' in South Asia. The earlier form of t ...
(pomfrets)
** Family Scombrolabracidae (longfin escolar)
** Family † Euzaphlegidae
** Family Gempylidae (snake mackerels)
** Family Trichiuridae (cutlassfishes)
*** Subfamily Aphanopodinae (frostfishes)
*** Subfamily Lepidopodinae (scabbardfishes)
*** Subfamily Trichiurinae (hairtails)
Phylogeny
The phylogenetic
In biology, phylogenetics () is the study of the evolutionary history of life using observable characteristics of organisms (or genes), which is known as phylogenetic inference. It infers the relationship among organisms based on empirical dat ...
relationships within Scombriformes are shown in this cladogram
A cladogram (from Greek language, Greek ''clados'' "branch" and ''gramma'' "character") is a diagram used in cladistics to show relations among organisms. A cladogram is not, however, an Phylogenetic tree, evolutionary tree because it does not s ...
from Near & Thacker (2024):
References
Ray-finned fish orders
Taxa named by Arthur Smith Woodward
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