Scolopendridae
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Scolopendridae (or, in older documents, Scolopendridæ), from
Ancient Greek Ancient Greek (, ; ) includes the forms of the Greek language used in ancient Greece and the classical antiquity, ancient world from around 1500 BC to 300 BC. It is often roughly divided into the following periods: Mycenaean Greek (), Greek ...
σκόλοψ (''skólops''), meaning "thorn", and ἔντερον (''énteron''), meaning "earthworm", is a
family Family (from ) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. Ideally, families offer predictabili ...
of large
centipede Centipedes (from Neo-Latin , "hundred", and Latin , "foot") are predatory arthropods belonging to the class Chilopoda (Ancient Greek , ''kheilos'', "lip", and Neo-Latin suffix , "foot", describing the forcipules) of the subphylum Myriapoda, ...
s (
class Class, Classes, or The Class may refer to: Common uses not otherwise categorized * Class (biology), a taxonomic rank * Class (knowledge representation), a collection of individuals or objects * Class (philosophy), an analytical concept used d ...
Chilopoda).


Description

Nearly all species in this family have four ocelli ( simple eyes) on each side of the head and only 21 pairs of legs, but there are exceptions: two scolopendrid species feature more legs (''Scolopendropsis bahiensis'', with 21 or 23 leg pairs, and ''S. duplicata'', with 39 or 43 leg pairs), and some scolopendrid species are eyeless and blind (e.g., ''Cormocephalus sagmus'', ''C. pyropygus'', and ''C. delta''). Three Asian members of this family, ''
Scolopendra cataracta ''Scolopendra cataracta'' is a species of centipede in the family Scolopendridae. It is the first known amphibious centipede and grows to up to in length. Description ''Scolopendra cataracta'' is a giant centipede, growing to around in le ...
'', ''
Scolopendra paradoxa ''Scolopendra paradoxa'' is a species of centipede in the family Scolopendridae. The centipede is endemic to the Philippines. It is one of the few known amphibious centipedes along with ''Scolopendra cataracta'' and ''Scolopendra alcyona ''S ...
'', and ''
Scolopendra alcyona ''Scolopendra alcyona'', the Halcyon giant centipede, is a species of amphibious centipede found in the Ryukyu Archipelago of Japan and Taiwan. It is the third amphibious member of the genus ''Scolopendra'' discovered so far, and the largest sp ...
,'' are known to show amphibious behaviour. Two other species, '' Scolopendra hardwickei'' and '' Hemiscolopendra marginata,'' are known to show sexual dimorphism in the composition of their venom.


Genera


Subfamily Otostigminae (Kraepelin, 1903)


Tribe Otostigmini (Kraeplin, 1903)

* '' Alipes'' Imhoff, 1854 * '' Alluropus'' Silvestri, 1911 * '' Digitipes'' Attems, 1930 * '' Edentistoma'' Tömösváry,1882 * '' Ethmostigmus'' Pocock, 1898 * '' Otostigmus'' Porat, 1876 * '' Rhysida'' Wood, 1862


Tribe Sterropristini (Verhoeff, 1937)

* '' Sterropristes'' Attems, 1934


Subfamily Scolopendrinae (Leach, 1814)

* '' Arthrorhabdus'' Pocock, 1891 (= ''Arthrorhabdinus'') * '' Asanada'' Meinert, 1885 (= ''Pseudocryptops'') * '' Asanadopsis'' Würmli, 1972 * '' Campylostigmus'' Ribaut, 1923 * '' Notiasemus'' Koch, 1985 * '' Procrytops'' Piton, 1940 * '' Psiloscolopendra'' Kraepelin, 1903 * '' Rhoda'' Meinert, 1886 (= ''Pithopus'') * '' Scolopendra'' Linnaeus, 1758 * '' Scolopendropsis'' Brandt, 1841 * '' Tonkinodentus'' Schileyko, 1992 The earliest record of this family is †'' Cratoraricrus'', an extinct genus from the
Early Cretaceous The Early Cretaceous (geochronology, geochronological name) or the Lower Cretaceous (chronostratigraphy, chronostratigraphic name) is the earlier or lower of the two major divisions of the Cretaceous. It is usually considered to stretch from 143.1 ...
of the
Crato Formation The Crato Formation is a geologic formation (stratigraphy), formation of Early Cretaceous (Aptian) age in northeastern Brazil's Araripe Basin. It is an important Lagerstätten, Lagerstätte (undisturbed fossil accumulation) for palaeontology, pa ...
of
Brazil Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest country in South America. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by area, fifth-largest country by area and the List of countries and dependencies by population ...
.


References


External links

* http://chilobase.biologia.unipd.it __NOTOC__ {{Authority control Centipede families