''Sclerophrys garmani'', also known as Garman's toad or eastern olive toad (among others), is a species of
toad
Toad (also known as a hoptoad) is a common name for certain frogs, especially of the family Bufonidae, that are characterized by dry, leathery skin, short legs, and large bumps covering the parotoid glands.
In popular culture (folk taxonomy ...
in the family
Bufonidae {{Cat main, Toad
This category
Category, plural categories, may refer to:
General uses
*Classification, the general act of allocating things to classes/categories Philosophy
* Category of being
* ''Categories'' (Aristotle)
* Category (Kant)
* C ...
. It is widely distributed in East and Southern Africa. However, populations north and south of Tanzania might represent distinct species. If so, the name ''Sclerophrys garmani'' would apply to populations from northeastern Africa. Furthermore, its southern boundary towards the range of ''
Sclerophrys poweri'' in South Africa is also unclear.
[
]
Etymology
The specific name Specific name may refer to:
* in Database management systems, a system-assigned name that is unique within a particular database
In taxonomy, either of these two meanings, each with its own set of rules:
* Specific name (botany), the two-part (bino ...
''garmani'' honors Samuel Garman
Samuel Walton Garman (June 5, 1843 – September 30, 1927), or "Garmann" as he sometimes styled himself, was an American naturalist and zoologist. He became noted as an ichthyologist and herpetologist.
Biography
Garman was born in Indiana Co ...
, an American ichthyologist and herpetologist.
Description
Males grow to and females to in snout–vent length
Snout–vent length (SVL) is a morphometric measurement taken in herpetology from the tip of the snout to the most posterior opening of the cloacal slit (vent)."direct line distance from tip of snout to posterior margin of vent" It is the mos ...
. The tympanum is almost as big as the eye diameter. The parotoid gland
The parotoid gland (alternatively, paratoid gland) is an external skin gland on the back, neck, and shoulder of some frogs (especially toads), and salamanders. It can secrete a number of milky alkaloid substances (depending on the species) known ...
s are large. The back is tan to olive-brown and bears large paired markings edged with black. A thin vertebral stripe may be present. Dorsal skin has distinct warts that bear small, black spines. The ventrum is off-white.
The male advertisement call is a loud, low-pitched "kwaak", lasting for about a second.
Range
The range extends from Ethiopia and Somalia southward through Kenya, Tanzania, Mozambique, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Botswana, to South Africa and Eswatini and west to Namibia[ and Angola.][
]
Habitat
''Sclerophrys garmani'' in habits both arid and wooded savanna
A savanna or savannah is a mixed woodland-grassland (i.e. grassy woodland) biome and ecosystem characterised by the trees being sufficiently widely spaced so that the canopy does not close. The open canopy allows sufficient light to reach th ...
s as well as agricultural areas at elevations below . A Tanzanian population was found entirely in woodland areas. Breeding takes place in temporary water, sometimes also in artificial pools and rivers.[
''Sclerophrys garmani'' is common in parts of its range. It can be threatened by ]habitat loss
Habitat destruction (also termed habitat loss or habitat reduction) occurs when a natural habitat is no longer able to support its native species. The organisms once living there have either moved elsewhere, or are dead, leading to a decrease ...
caused by human expansion, settlement, and agricultural encroachment. However, it is an adaptable species that is not seriously at risk. It is present in many protected areas.[
]
References
{{Taxonbar, from1=Q28929935, from2=Q2843312
garmani
Frogs of Africa
Amphibians of Angola
Amphibians of Botswana
Amphibians of Eswatini
Amphibians of Ethiopia
Amphibians of Kenya
Amphibians of Mozambique
Amphibians of Namibia
Amphibians of Somalia
Amphibians of South Africa
Amphibians of Tanzania
Amphibians of Zambia
Amphibians of Zimbabwe
Taxa named by Seth Eugene Meek
Amphibians described in 1897
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot