Sciurinae () is a
subfamily
In biological classification, a subfamily (Latin: ', plural ') is an auxiliary (intermediate) taxonomic rank, next below family but more inclusive than genus. Standard nomenclature rules end botanical subfamily names with "-oideae", and zo ...
of
squirrel
Squirrels are members of the family Sciuridae (), a family that includes small or medium-sized rodents. The squirrel family includes tree squirrels, ground squirrels (including chipmunks and prairie dogs, among others), and flying squirrel ...
s (in the
family
Family (from ) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. Ideally, families offer predictabili ...
Sciuridae
Squirrels are members of the family Sciuridae (), a family that includes small or medium-sized rodents. The squirrel family includes tree squirrels, ground squirrels (including chipmunks and prairie dogs, among others), and flying squirrel ...
), uniting the
flying squirrel
Flying squirrels (scientifically known as Pteromyini or Petauristini) are a tribe (biology), tribe of 50 species of squirrels in the family (biology), family Squirrel, Sciuridae. Despite their name, they are not in fact capable of full flight i ...
s with certain related tree squirrels. Older sources place the flying squirrels in a separate subfamily (Pteromyinae) and unite all remaining sciurids into the subfamily Sciurinae, but this has been strongly refuted by
genetic studies.
Classification
Subfamily Sciurinae
[Thorington, R. W. and R. S. Hoffmann. 2005. "Family Sciuridae". pp. 754–818 in ''Mammal Species of the World A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference''. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore. ''Walker's Mammals of the World'' 5th edition Volume 1]
*Tribe
Sciurini
Sciurini () is a tribe that includes about forty species of squirrels,Thorington and Hoffmann, 2005, p. 754 mostly from the Americas. It includes five living genera—the American dwarf squirrels, '' Microsciurus''; the Bornean '' Rheithrosc ...
**Genus ''
Microsciurus
''Microsciurus'' or dwarf squirrels is a genus of squirrels from the tropical regions of Central and South America.
Taxonomy and systematics
Recent DNA analysis has shown that there is some confusion regarding the traditional classification of t ...
'' – American dwarf squirrels
***
Central American dwarf squirrel, ''M. alfari''
***
Amazon dwarf squirrel, ''M. flaviventer''
***
Western dwarf squirrel, ''M. mimulus''
***
Santander dwarf squirrel, ''M. santanderensis''
**Genus ''
Rheithrosciurus''
***
Tufted ground squirrel, ''R. macrotis''
**Genus ''
Sciurus
The genus ''Sciurus'' ( or ) contains most of the common, bushy-tailed squirrels in North America, Europe, Temperate zone, temperate Asia, Central America and South America.
Species
The number of species in the genus is subject to change.
In 200 ...
''
***Subgenus ''Sciurus''
****
Allen's squirrel, ''S. alleni''
****
Arizona gray squirrel, ''S. arizonensis''
****
Mexican gray squirrel, ''S. aureogaster''
****
Eastern gray squirrel, ''S. carolinensis''
****
Collie's squirrel, ''S. colliaei''
****
Deppe's squirrel, ''S. deppei''
****
Japanese squirrel, ''S. lis''
****
Calabrian black squirrel, ''S. meridionalis''
****
Mexican fox squirrel, ''S. nayaritensis''
****
Fox squirrel
The fox squirrel (''Sciurus niger''), also known as the eastern fox squirrel or Bryant's fox squirrel, is the largest species of tree squirrel native to North America. It is sometimes mistaken for the American red squirrel or eastern gray squirr ...
, ''S. niger''
****
Peters's squirrel, ''S. oculatus''
****
Variegated squirrel, ''S. variegatoides''
****
Eurasian red squirrel, ''S. vulgaris''
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Yucatan squirrel, ''S. yucatanensis''
***Subgenus ''
Otosciurus''
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Abert's squirrel, ''S. aberti''
***Subgenus ''Guerlinguetus''
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Brazilian squirrel or Guianan squirrel, ''S. aestuans''
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Yellow-throated squirrel, ''S. gilvigularis''
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Red-tailed squirrel, ''S. granatensis''
****
Bolivian squirrel, ''S. ignitus''
****
Andean squirrel, ''S. pucheranii''
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Richmond's squirrel, ''S. richmondi''
****
Sanborn's squirrel, ''S. sanborni''
****
Guayaquil squirrel, ''S. stramineus''
***Subgenus ''
Tenes
In Greek mythology, Tenes or Tennes (Ancient Greek: Τέννης) was the eponymous hero of the island of Tenedos.
Family
Tenes was the son either of Apollo or of King Cycnus of Colonae by Proclia, daughter or granddaughter of Laomedon.
...
''
****
Persian squirrel
The Caucasian squirrel (''Sciurus anomalus'') or Persian squirrel, is a tree squirrel in the genus ''Sciurus'' found in temperate broadleaf and mixed forests in south-western Asia.
The species is traditionally said to have first been described i ...
, ''S. anomalus''
***Subgenus ''Hadrosciurus''
****
Fiery squirrel, ''S. flammifer''
****
Junín red squirrel, ''S. pyrrhinus''
***Subgenus ''
Hesperosciurus''
****
Western gray squirrel, ''S. griseus''
***Subgenus ''Urosciurus''
****
Northern Amazon red squirrel, ''S. igniventris''
****
Southern Amazon red squirrel, ''S. spadiceus''
**Genus ''
Syntheosciurus
Bangs's mountain squirrel (''Syntheosciurus brochus'') is a poorly known species of tree squirrel, that only lives in Costa Rica and Panama. It can be found in mountain rain forests at an altitude between , and lives mainly in the tree tops, but ...
''
***
Bangs's mountain squirrel
Bangs's mountain squirrel (''Syntheosciurus brochus'') is a poorly known species of tree squirrel, that only lives in Costa Rica and Panama. It can be found in mountain rain forests at an altitude between , and lives mainly in the tree tops, but ...
, ''S. brochus''
**Genus ''
Tamiasciurus
Pine squirrels are squirrels of the genus ''Tamiasciurus'', in the Sciurini Tribe (biology), tribe, of the large family (biology), family Sciuridae.
Species
This genus includes three species:
*''Tamiasciurus douglasii'' — Douglas squirrel
** ...
'' - pine squirrels
***
Douglas squirrel
The Douglas squirrel (''Tamiasciurus douglasii'') is a pine squirrel found in western North America, from the Pacific Northwest (including the northwestern coastal states of the United States as well as the southwestern coast of British Columb ...
, ''T. douglasii''
***
Southwestern red squirrel ''T. fremonti''
***
American red squirrel
The American red squirrel (''Tamiasciurus hudsonicus'') is one of three species of tree squirrels currently classified in the genus ''Tamiasciurus'', known as the pine squirrels (the others are the Douglas squirrel, ''T. douglasii'', and the sou ...
, ''T. hudsonicus''
***
Mearns's squirrel, ''T. mearnsi''
*Tribe
Pteromyini – flying squirrels
**Subtribe Glaucomyina
***Genus ''
Eoglaucomys''
****
Kashmir flying squirrel, ''E. fimbriatus''
***Genus ''
Glaucomys'' – New World flying squirrels
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Southern flying squirrel, ''G. volans''
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Northern flying squirrel
The northern flying squirrel (''Glaucomys sabrinus'') is one of three species of the genus '' Glaucomys'', the only flying squirrels found in North America.Walker EP, Paradiso JL. 1975. ''Mammals of the World''. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Universit ...
, ''G. sabrinus''
****
Humboldt's flying squirrel, ''G. oregonensis''
***Genus ''
Hylopetes
''Hylopetes'' is a genus of flying squirrels. There are about 10 species.
Species include:
*Particolored flying squirrel - ''H. alboniger'' (Hodgson, 1836)
*Bartel's flying squirrel - ''H. bartelsi'' Chasen, 1939
*Hainan flying squirrel - ''H. e ...
''
****
Particolored flying squirrel
The particolored flying squirrel (''Hylopetes alboniger'') is a species of rodent in the family Sciuridae. It is found in Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, China, India, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, and Vietnam. Its natural habitat is subtropical ...
, ''H. alboniger''
****
Afghan flying squirrel, ''H. baberi''
****
Bartel's flying squirrel, ''H. bartelsi''
****
Gray-cheeked flying squirrel, ''H. lepidus''
****
Palawan flying squirrel, ''H. nigripes''
****
Indochinese flying squirrel, ''H. phayrei''
****
Jentink's flying squirrel, ''H. platyurus''
****
Sipora flying squirrel, ''H. sipora''
****
Red-cheeked flying squirrel, ''H. spadiceus''
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Sumatran flying squirrel, ''H. winstoni''
***Genus ''
Iomys
''Iomys'' is a small genus of rodent in the family Sciuridae
Squirrels are members of the family Sciuridae (), a family that includes small or medium-sized rodents. The squirrel family includes tree squirrels, ground squirrels (including ...
''
****
Javanese flying squirrel
The Javanese flying squirrel (''Iomys horsfieldii'') is a species of rodent in the family Sciuridae. It is found in Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore
Singapore, officially the Republic of Singapore, is an island country and city-state ...
, ''I. horsfieldi''
****
Mentawi flying squirrel
The Mentawi flying squirrel (''Iomys sipora'') is a species of rodent in the family Sciuridae. It is endemic to Indonesia where it is only known from the Mentawai Islands ( Sipura and North Pagai). Its natural habitat is lowland tropical primary ...
, ''I. sipora''
***Genus ''
Petaurillus'' – pygmy flying squirrels
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Lesser pygmy flying squirrel, ''P. emiliae''
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Hose's pygmy flying squirrel, ''P. hosei''
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Selangor pygmy flying squirrel, ''P. kinlochii''
***Genus ''
Petinomys''
****
Basilan flying squirrel, ''P. crinitus''
****
Travancore flying squirrel, ''P. fuscocapillus''
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Whiskered flying squirrel, ''P. genibarbis''
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Hagen's flying squirrel, ''P. hageni''
****
Siberut flying squirrel, ''P. lugens''
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Mindanao flying squirrel, ''P. mindanensis''
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Arrow flying squirrel, ''P. sagitta''
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Temminck's flying squirrel, ''P. setosus''
****
Vordermann's flying squirrel, ''P. vordermanni''
**Subtribe Pteromyina
***Genus ''
Aeretes''
****
Groove-toothed flying squirrel, ''A. melanopterus''
***Genus ''
Aeromys'' – large black flying squirrels
****
Black flying squirrel, ''A. tephromelas''
****
Thomas's flying squirrel, ''A. thomasi''
***Genus ''
Belomys''
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Hairy-footed flying squirrel, ''B. pearsonii''
***Genus ''
Biswamoyopterus''
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Namdapha flying squirrel, ''B. biswasi''
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Laotian giant flying squirrel, ''B. laoensis''
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Mount Gaoligong flying squirrel, ''B. gaoligongensis''
***Genus ''
Eupetaurus''
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Western woolly flying squirrel, ''Eupetaurus cinereus''
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Yunnan woolly flying squirrel, ''Eupetaurus nivamons''
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Tibetan woolly flying squirrel, ''Eupetaurus tibetensis''
***Genus ''
Petaurista
''Petaurista'' is a genus of rodent in the family Sciuridae. They are large to very large flying squirrels found in forests and other wooded habitats in southern and eastern Asia.
Like other flying squirrels, they are mostly nocturnal and able ...
''
****
Red and white giant flying squirrel, ''P. alborufus''
****
Spotted giant flying squirrel, ''P. elegans''
****
Hodgson's giant flying squirrel, ''P. magnificus''
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Bhutan giant flying squirrel, ''P. nobilis''
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Indian giant flying squirrel, ''P. philippensis''
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Chinese giant flying squirrel, ''P. xanthotis''
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Japanese giant flying squirrel, ''P. leucogenys''
****
Red giant flying squirrel, ''P. petaurista''
***Genus ''
Pteromys'' – Old World flying squirrel
****
Siberian flying squirrel, ''P. volans''
****
Japanese dwarf flying squirrel, ''P. momonga''
***Genus ''Pteromyscus''
****
Smoky flying squirrel, ''P. pulverulentus''
***Genus ''
Trogopterus''
****
Complex-toothed flying squirrel, ''T. xanthipes''
References
{{Taxonbar, from=Q53106
Mammal subfamilies
Extant Eocene first appearances
Taxa named by Wilhelm Hemprich