Schubert's Symphonies

Franz Schubert began thirteen symphonies, seven of which were completed. Up to ten are generally numbered; one of his incomplete symphonies, the ''Unfinished Symphony'', is among his most popular works. Four of the six incomplete symphonies have been completed by other composers.

Early symphonies

By 1818, Schubert had completed 6 symphonies:
* , Symphony No. 1 in D major (1813)
* , Symphony No. 2 in B-flat major (1814–1815)
* , Symphony No. 3 in D major (1815)
* , Symphony No. 4 in C minor, ''Tragic'' (1816)
* , Symphony No. 5 in B-flat major (1816)
* , Symphony No. 6 in C major, ''Little C major'' (1817–1818)

There is also an early unfinished symphony:
* , Symphony in D major ormerly D 997(1811?, fragment of the first movement is extant)

Late symphonies

Apart from the ''Great C major'' (D. 944), all of Schubert's late symphony projects remained unfinished.
* , Sketch of a Symphony in D major (1818, piano sketches of two movements are extant)
* , Sketch of a Symphony in D major (after 1820, piano sketches of all four movements are extant)
* , Symphony (No. 7) in E major (1821, sketches of all four movements are extant)
* , Symphony (No. 8) in B minor, ''Unfinished'' (1822, unfinished – two complete movements and a fragment of a "Scherzo" third movement are extant; the first-act entr'acte from ''Rosamunde'', D 797 No. 1 is possibly the fourth movement)
* , Sketch of a Symphony (No. 10) in D major (1828?, piano sketches of all three movements are extant)
* , Symphony (No. 9) in C major, ''Great C major'' (1825? and 1828, identical to the so-called "Gmunden-Gastein" Symphony, )

Despite the Deutsch number, D 936A is a later work than D 944.Liner notes
by Brian Newbould to Mackerras' recording

Numbering issues

Confusion arose quite early over the numbering of Schubert's symphonies, in particular the ''Great C major'' Symphony. George Grove, who rediscovered many of Schubert's symphonies, assigned the following numbering after his 1867 visit to Vienna:
*No. 7: E major, D 729 (completely sketched but not entirely scored by Schubert, with multiple historic and modern completions)
*No. 8: B minor, D 759 ''Unfinished''
*No. 9: C major, D 944 ''Great C major''

Breitkopf & Härtel, when preparing the 1897 complete works publication, originally planned to publish only complete works (which would have given the ''Great C major'' No. 7), with "fragments", including the ''Unfinished'' and the D 729 sketch, receiving no number at all. When Johannes Brahms became general editor of that project, he assigned the following numbers: Lindmayr, p. 56
*no number: E major, D 729
*No. 7: C major, D 944 ''Great C major''
*No. 8: B minor, D 759 ''Unfinished''

Some of the disagreement continued into the 20th century. George Grove in his 1908 ''Dictionary of Music and Musicians'', assigned the ''Great C major'' as No. 10, and the ''Unfinished'' as No. 9 (it is unclear from his article which symphonies, fragmentary or otherwise, are Nos. 7 and 8). Grove (1908), pp. 320–328
The 1978 revision to the Deutsch catalogue leaves the order as follows:
*no number: E major, D 729
*No. 7: B minor, D 759 ''Unfinished''
*No. 8: C major, D 944 ''Great C major'' 1978 Deutsch Catalogue

As a consequence, generally available scores for the later symphonies may be published using conflicting numbers.See references below for citations containing different numbers for the ''Unfinished'' Symphony.

Grove and Sullivan also suggested that there may have been a "lost" symphony. Immediately before Schubert's death, his friend Eduard von Bauernfeld recorded the existence of an additional symphony, dated 1828 (although this does not necessarily indicate the year of composition) named the "Letzte" or "Last" symphony. Brian Newbould believes that the "Last" symphony refers to a sketch in D major (D 936A), identified by Ernst Hilmar in 1977, and which was realised by Newbould as the Tenth Symphony. Newbould (1999), p. 385 The fragment was bound with other symphony fragments ( D 615 and D 708A).

In conclusion, the resulting and most current order followed by the English-speaking world is:
*No. 7: E major, D 729
*No. 8: B minor, D 759 ''Unfinished''
*No. 9: C major, D 944 ''Great C major''
*No. 10: D major, D 936A

Completions

D 708A, D 729, D 759, and D 936A have been completed by Schubert scholar Brian Newbould. D 729 has additionally been completed by John Francis Barnett and Felix Weingartner. Brian Newbould additionally orchestrated the existing sketches for D 615.

References

Sources

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Numbering of symphonies

The following citations illustrate the confusion around the numbering of Schubert's late symphonies. The B minor ''Unfinished'' Symphony is variously published as No. 7 and No. 8, in both German and English. All of these editions appeared to be in print (or at least somewhat readily available) in 2008.
* German-language publication of the ''Unfinished'' Symphony score as No. 7.
* English-language publication of the ''Unfinished'' Symphony score as No. 7.
* English-language publication of the ''Unfinished'' Symphony score as No. 8.

{{Franz Schubert