() is a naval rank of Dutch origin.
The was responsible for ensuring that a fleet continued to sail in the prescribed order at night. The title comes from the title of the officer who replaced the admiral at night, from the Middle Low German schulthete meaning commanding official, cognate to the modern German Schultheiß, and was therefore called night commander, captain at night or .
Denmark-Norway
In the
Dano-Norwegian navy, the rank of was codified on 11 February 1693, by
King Christian V. In the second publication of the
Danish order of precedence, the rank of was placed below vice admirals (), and above
Commander-captains (). In 1771, the rank was replaced with
Counter admiral.
Netherlands
It is the second most junior
admiral
Admiral is one of the highest ranks in many navies. In the Commonwealth nations and the United States, a "full" admiral is equivalent to a "full" general in the army or the air force. Admiral is ranked above vice admiral and below admiral of ...
position of the Dutch Navy, ranking above ("
commodore") and below a ("
vice admiral
Vice admiral is a senior naval flag officer rank, usually equivalent to lieutenant general and air marshal. A vice admiral is typically senior to a rear admiral and junior to an admiral.
Australia
In the Royal Australian Navy, the rank of Vice ...
").
The rank is rated OF-7 within the
NATO rank structure, usually equivalent
counter admiral, and
rear admiral
Rear admiral is a flag officer rank used by English-speaking navies. In most European navies, the equivalent rank is called counter admiral.
Rear admiral is usually immediately senior to commodore and immediately below vice admiral. It is ...
.
Russia
In the
Imperial Russian Navy the rank of Schout-bij-nacht () was kept until 1732, when the rank was replaced with counter admiral ().
Sweden
was a rank used in the Swedish Navy from 1630 to 1771. It was then replaced by the rank of .
[''Nordisk familjebok'', Stockholm 1916, vol. 24, col. 1171.]
See also
*
Counter admiral
References
{{italic title
Dutch words and phrases
Military ranks of the Netherlands
Admirals
Military ranks of Russia