The Schofield Equation is a method of estimating the

basal metabolic rate Basal metabolic rate (BMR) is the rate of food energy, energy expenditure per unit time by endotherm, endothermic animals at rest. It is reported in energy units per unit time ranging from watt (joule/second) to ml O2/min or joule per hour per kg b ...

(BMR) of adult men and women published in 1985. This is the equation used by the WHO in their

technical report A technical report (also scientific report) is a document that describes the process, progress, or results of technical or scientific research or the state of a technical or scientific research problem. It might also include recommendations and co ...

series. The equation that is recommended to estimate BMR by the US Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics is the Mifflin-St. Jeor equation. The equations for estimating BMR in kJ/day (kilojoules per day) from

body mass Human body weight is a person's Mass versus weight, mass or weight. Strictly speaking, body weight is the measurement of weight without items located on the person. Practically though, body weight may be measured with clothes on, but without shoe ...

(kg) are:Energy Requirements of Adults, Report of a Joint FAO/WHO/UNU Expert Consultation
(See table 5.2). Men: Women: The equations for estimating BMR in kcal/day (kilocalories per day) from body mass (kg) are: Men: Women: Key: W = Body weight in kilograms SEE =

Standard error of estimation The standard error (SE) of a statistic (usually an estimate of a parameter) is the standard deviation of its sampling distribution or an estimate of that standard deviation. If the statistic is the sample mean, it is called the standard error of ...

The raw figure obtained by the equation should be adjusted up or downwards, within the

confidence limit In frequentist statistics, a confidence interval (CI) is a range of estimates for an unknown parameter. A confidence interval is computed at a designated ''confidence level''; the 95% confidence level is most common, but other levels, such as 9 ...

suggested by the quoted estimation errors, and according to the following principles: Subjects leaner and more muscular than usual require more energy than the average. Obese subjects require less. Patients at the young end of the age range for a given equation require more energy. Patients at the high end of the age range for a given equation require less energy. Effects of age and body mass may cancel out: an obese 30-year-old or an athletic 60-year-old may need no adjustment from the raw figure.

Physical activity levels

To find total body energy expenditure (actual energy needed per day), the base metabolism must then be multiplied by an

physical activity level The physical activity level (PAL) is a way to express a person's daily physical activity as a number, and is used to estimate a person's total energy expenditure. In combination with the basal metabolic rate, it can be used to compute the amount of ...

factor. These are as follows: The FAO/WHO uses different PALs in their recommendations when recommending how to calculate TEE. See Table 5.3 of their working document. Energy Requirements of Adults, Report of a Joint FAO/WHO/UNU Expert Consultation. These equations were published in 1989 in the

dietary guidelines In nutrition, diet is the sum of food consumed by a person or other organism. The word diet often implies the use of specific intake of nutrition for health or weight-management reasons (with the two often being related). Although humans are o ...

and formed the

RDA RDA may refer to: Organisations * Rassemblement Démocratique Africain (African Democratic Rally), a political party formed in 1946 in French West Africa. * Rawalpindi Development Authority, Pakistan. * Reader's Digest Association, a magazine publ ...

's for a number of years. The activity factor used by the

USDA The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) is the federal executive department responsible for developing and executing federal laws related to farming, forestry, rural economic development, and food. It aims to meet the needs of com ...

was 1.6. In the UK, a lower activity factor of 1.4 is used. The equation has now been replaced by the

Institute of Medicine Equation The Institute of Medicine Equation was published in September 2002. It is the equation which is behind the 2005 Dietary Guidelines for Americans and the new food pyramid, MyPyramid. The Institute of Medicine equation uses a different approach to m ...

in September 2002 in the US, however is still currently used by the FAO/ WHO/ UNU.

References

{{reflist Mass Nutrition Obesity

Physical activity levels

See also

References