The Schofield Equation is a method of estimating the

basal metabolic rate Basal metabolic rate (BMR) is the rate of energy expenditure per unit time by endothermic animals at rest.. In other words it is the energy required by body organs to perform normal It is reported in energy units per unit time ranging from watt ( ...

(BMR) of adult men and women published in 1985. This is the equation used by the

WHO The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations which coordinates responses to international public health issues and emergencies. It is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, and has 6 regional offices and 15 ...

in their

technical report A technical report (also scientific report) is a document that describes the process, progress, or results of technical or scientific research or the state of a technical or scientific research problem. It might also include recommendations and ...

series. The equation that is recommended to estimate BMR by the US

Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics is a multi-unit enterprise that includes a 501(c)(6) trade association in the United States. With over 112,000 members, the association claims to be the largest organization of food and nutrition professiona ...

is the Mifflin-St. Jeor equation. The equations for estimating BMR in kJ/day (kilojoules per day) from

body mass Human body weight is a person's mass or weight. Strictly speaking, body weight is the measurement of mass without items located on the person. Practically though, body weight may be measured with clothes on, but without shoes or heavy accessori ...

(kg) are:Energy Requirements of Adults, Report of a Joint FAO/WHO/UNU Expert Consultation
(See table 5.2). Men: Women: The equations for estimating BMR in kcal/day (kilocalories per day) from body mass (kg) are: Men: Women: Key: W = Body weight in kilograms SEE = Standard error of estimation The raw figure obtained by the equation should be adjusted up or downwards, within the confidence limit suggested by the quoted estimation errors, and according to the following principles: Subjects leaner and more muscular than usual require more energy than the average.

Obese Obesity is a medical condition, considered by multiple organizations to be a disease, in which excess body fat has accumulated to such an extent that it can potentially have negative effects on health. People are classified as obese when ...

subjects require less. Patients at the young end of the age range for a given equation require more energy. Patients at the high end of the age range for a given equation require less energy. Effects of age and body mass may cancel out: an obese 30-year-old or an athletic 60-year-old may need no adjustment from the raw figure.

Physical activity levels

To find total body energy expenditure (actual energy needed per day), the base metabolism must then be multiplied by a

physical activity level The physical activity level (PAL) is a way to express a person's daily physical activity as a number and is used to estimate their total energy expenditure. In combination with the basal metabolic rate, it can be used to compute the amount of fo ...

factor. These are as follows: The FAO/WHO uses different PALs in their recommendations when recommending how to calculate TEE. See Table 5.3 of their working document. Energy Requirements of Adults, Report of a Joint FAO/WHO/UNU Expert Consultation. These equations were published in 1989 in the

dietary guidelines A healthy diet is a Diet (nutrition), diet that maintains or improves overall health. A healthy diet provides the body with essential Human nutrition, nutrition: fluid, macronutrients such as protein, micronutrients such as vitamins, and adequat ...

and formed the RDA's for a number of years. The activity factor used by the

USDA The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) is an United States federal executive departments, executive department of the Federal government of the United States, United States federal government that aims to meet the needs of commerc ...

was 1.6. In the UK, a lower activity factor of 1.4 is used. The equation has now been replaced by the Institute of Medicine Equation in September 2002 in the US, however is still currently used by the

FAO The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations; . (FAO) is a List of specialized agencies of the United Nations, specialized agency of the United Nations that leads international efforts to defeat hunger and improve nutrition ...

UNU ''unu'' (Romanian for "one"; lower case used on purpose) was the name of an avant-garde art and literary magazine, published in Romania from April 1928 to December 1932. Edited by writers Sașa Pană and , it was dedicated to Dada and Surrealis ...

References

{{reflist Mass Nutrition Obesity Mathematics in medicine

Physical activity levels

See also

References