''Schizothorax'' is a

genus Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...

cyprinid Cyprinidae is a Family (biology), family of freshwater fish commonly called the carp or minnow family, including the carps, the true minnows, and their relatives the barb (fish), barbs and barbel (fish), barbels, among others. Cyprinidae is the ...

fish found in southern and western China, through northern

South Asia South Asia is the southern Subregion#Asia, subregion of Asia that is defined in both geographical and Ethnicity, ethnic-Culture, cultural terms. South Asia, with a population of 2.04 billion, contains a quarter (25%) of the world's populatio ...

(

Himalaya The Himalayas, or Himalaya ( ), is a mountain range in Asia, separating the plains of the Indian subcontinent from the Tibetan Plateau. The range has some of the Earth's highest peaks, including the highest, Mount Everest. More than 100 pea ...

) and

Central Asia Central Asia is a region of Asia consisting of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan. The countries as a group are also colloquially referred to as the "-stans" as all have names ending with the Persian language, Pers ...

, to Iran, with a single species, ''S. prophylax'', in Turkey.Yang, J.; J.X. Yang; and X.Y. Chen (2012). "A re-examination of the molecular phylogeny and biogeography of the genus ''Schizothorax'' (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) through enhanced sampling, with emphasis on the species in the Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau, China". ''Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research'' 50(3). Coad, B.W.; and N.K.d. Ville (2004). "On the systematics and distribution of the snow trout ''Schizothorax pelzami'' Kessler, 1870, in Iran (Actinopterygii: Cyprinidae)". ''Zoology in the Middle East'' 32(1): 57-62. They are primarily found in highland rivers, streams and lakes, although a few species occur in lower-lying locations, like

Lake Balkhash Lake Balkhash, also spelt Lake Balqash (, , ), is a lake in southeastern Kazakhstan, one of the largest lakes in Asia and the 15th largest in the world. It is located in the eastern part of Central Asia and sits in the Balkhash-Alakol Basin, ...

and lakes of the

Sistan Basin The Sistan Basin is an inland endorheic basin encompassing large parts of southwestern Afghanistan and minor parts of southeastern Iran. It is one of the driest regions in the world and an area subject to prolonged droughts. Its watershed is a ...

.Coad, B.; and J. Hales (2008)
"Helmand - Sistan"
''Freshwater Ecoregions of the World''. Retrieved 18 May 2019. Their

scientific name In Taxonomy (biology), taxonomy, binomial nomenclature ("two-term naming system"), also called binary nomenclature, is a formal system of naming species of living things by giving each a name composed of two parts, both of which use Latin gramm ...

means "cloven-breast", from

Ancient Greek Ancient Greek (, ; ) includes the forms of the Greek language used in ancient Greece and the classical antiquity, ancient world from around 1500 BC to 300 BC. It is often roughly divided into the following periods: Mycenaean Greek (), Greek ...

() 'to cleave' and () 'breast-plate' (see also

thorax The thorax (: thoraces or thoraxes) or chest is a part of the anatomy of mammals and other tetrapod animals located between the neck and the abdomen. In insects, crustaceans, and the extinct trilobites, the thorax is one of the three main di ...

). The western

species A species () is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. It is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), ...

are typically referred to as ''marinkas'' from their

Russian Russian(s) may refer to: *Russians (), an ethnic group of the East Slavic peoples, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries *A citizen of Russia *Russian language, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages *''The Russians'', a b ...

name (), while the eastern species are usually called snowtrout. Although they do resemble

trout Trout (: trout) is a generic common name for numerous species of carnivorous freshwater ray-finned fishes belonging to the genera '' Oncorhynchus'', ''Salmo'' and ''Salvelinus'', all of which are members of the subfamily Salmoninae in the ...

s in habitus this is merely due to

convergent evolution Convergent evolution is the independent evolution of similar features in species of different periods or epochs in time. Convergent evolution creates analogous structures that have similar form or function but were not present in the last comm ...

and they are by no means closely related apart from both being

Teleostei Teleostei (; Ancient Greek, Greek ''teleios'' "complete" + ''osteon'' "bone"), members of which are known as teleosts (), is, by far, the largest group of ray-finned fishes (class Actinopterygii), with 96% of all neontology, extant species of f ...

: Cyprinids are in the teleost

superorder Order () is one of the eight major hierarchical taxonomic ranks in Linnaean taxonomy. It is classified between family and class. In biological classification, the order is a taxonomic rank used in the classification of organisms and recognized ...

Ostariophysi Ostariophysi is the second-largest superorder of fish. Members of this superorder are called ostariophysians. This diverse group contains 10,758 species, about 28% of known fish species in the world and 68% of freshwater species, and are present ...

, while trouts are in the superorder

Protacanthopterygii Protacanthopterygii is a superorder of ray-finned fish. They inhabit both Marine (ocean), marine and freshwater habitats. They appear to have evolved in the Cretaceous or perhaps late Jurassic, originating probably roughly 150 million years ago; ...

. Their ancestors must thus have diverged as early as the

Triassic The Triassic ( ; sometimes symbolized 🝈) is a geologic period and system which spans 50.5 million years from the end of the Permian Period 251.902 million years ago ( Mya), to the beginning of the Jurassic Period 201.4 Mya. The Triassic is t ...

, more than 200

million years ago Million years ago, abbreviated as Mya, Myr (megayear) or Ma (megaannum), is a unit of time equal to (i.e. years), or approximately 31.6 teraseconds. Usage Myr is in common use in fields such as Earth science and cosmology. Myr is also used w ...

. ''Schizothorax'' is classified within the

subfamily In biological classification, a subfamily (Latin: ', plural ') is an auxiliary (intermediate) taxonomic rank, next below family but more inclusive than genus. Standard nomenclature rules end botanical subfamily names with "-oideae", and zo ...

Schizotharcinae, the snow barbels, within the family

Cyprinidae Cyprinidae is a family of freshwater fish commonly called the carp or minnow family, including the carps, the true minnows, and their relatives the barbs and barbels, among others. Cyprinidae is the largest and most diverse fish family, and t ...

, the family which includes the carps, barbs and related fishes> This grouping was formerly thought to include the mountain barbels now classified in the subfamily

Schizopygopsinae Schizopygopsinae, the mountain barbels, is a subfamily of freshwater ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Cyprinidae Cyprinidae is a family of freshwater fish commonly called the carp or minnow family, including the carps, the true minno ...

Species

These are the currently recognized species in this genus: * ''

Schizothorax argentatus The Balkhash marinka (''Schizothorax argentatus''), is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus ''Schizothorax'' of the family Cyprinidae which is found in the Lake Balkhash basins in Kazakhstan and Xinjiang. It uses gravel substrates for spawn ...

'' Kessler, 1874 (Balkhash marinka) * ''

Schizothorax beipanensis ''Schizothorax beipanensis'' is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus ''Schizothorax ''Schizothorax'' is a genus of cyprinid fish found in southern and western China, through northern South Asia (Himalaya) and Central Asia, to Iran, with a ...

'' J. Yang, X. Y. Chen & J. X. Yang, 2009 * '' Schizothorax biddulphi'' Günther, 1876 * '' Schizothorax chivae'' Arunkumar &

Moyon Moyon () is a former commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Moyon Villages.Schizothorax chongi'' ( P. W. Fang, 1936) * '' Schizothorax cryptolepis'' T. Y. Fu & M. R. Ye, 1984 * '' Schizothorax curvilabiatus'' (Wu & W.-H. Tsao, 1992) * ''

Schizothorax dainellii ''Schizothorax dainellii'' is a species of cyprinid freshwater fish found in the Indus basin in Pakistan Pakistan, officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by po ...

'' Vinciguerra, 1916 * ''

Schizothorax davidi ''Schizothorax davidi'' is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus ''Schizothorax'' which is found in the Sichuan and Yunnan Yunnan; is an inland Provinces of China, province in Southwestern China. The province spans approximately and ...

'' ( Sauvage, 1880) * '' Schizothorax dolichonema'' Herzenstein, 1889 * '' Schizothorax dulongensis'' S. Y. Huang, 1985 * ''

Schizothorax edenianus ''Schizothorax edenianus'' is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus ''Schizothorax'' from Afghanistan. References

Schizothorax, edenianus Fish described in 1842 {{Schizothorax-stub ...

McClelland McClelland is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: * Alyssa McClelland, Australian actress * Anthony McClelland, biological father of Lebron James * Charles A. McClelland (1917–2006), American political systems analyst * Charles ...

, 1842 * '' Schizothorax elongatus'' S. Y. Huang, 1985 * '' Schizothorax esocinus'' Heckel, 1838 (Chirruh snowtrout) * '' Schizothorax eurystomus'' Kessler, 1872 * ''

Schizothorax fedtschenkoi ''Schizothorax fedtschenkoi'' is a species of freshwater Actinopterygii, ray-finned fish belonging to the Family (biology), biology Cyprinidae, the family which includes the carps, barbs and related fishes. This species is Endemism, endemic to Zer ...

'' Kessler, 1872 * '' Schizothorax gongshanensis'' W.-H. Tsao, 1964 * '' Schizothorax grahami'' ( Regan, 1904) * '' Schizothorax griseus'' Pellegrin, 1931 * ''

Schizothorax gulinensis ''Schizothorax'' is a genus of cyprinid fish found in southern and western China, through northern South Asia (Himalaya) and Central Asia, to Iran, with a single species, ''S. prophylax'', in Turkey.Yang, J.; J.X. Yang; and X.Y. Chen (2012). "A r ...

'' R. H. Ding, X. Y. Dai & W. Y. Huang, 2022 * '' Schizothorax heteri'' J. Yang, L. P. Zheng, ZX. Y. Chen & J. X. Yang, 2013 * '' Schizothorax heterochilus'' M. R. Ye & T. Y. Fu, 1986 * '' Schizothorax heterophysallidos'' J. Yang, X. Y. Chen & J. X. Yang, 2009 * '' Schizothorax huegelii'' Heckel, 1838 * '' Schizothorax integrilabiatus'' ( Y. F. Wu et al., 1992) * ''

Schizothorax intermedius ''Schizothorax intermedius'', the Aral Basin snowtrout, is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the biology Cyprinidae, the family which includes the carps, barbs and related fishes. This species is found in Central Asia from Afgh ...

'' McClelland &

Griffith Griffith may refer to: People * Griffith (name) * Griffith (surname) * Griffith (given name) Places Antarctica * Mount Griffith, Ross Dependency * Griffith Peak (Antarctica), Marie Byrd Land * Griffith Glacier, Marie Byrd Land * Griffith Ridge, ...

, 1842 * '' Schizothorax kozlovi'' Nikolskii, 1903 * ''

Schizothorax kumaonensis The Kumaon snowtrout (''Schizothorax kumaonensis'') is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus ''Schizothorax''. The Latin specific epithet ''kumaonensis'' refers the Kumaon division in Uttarakhand Uttarakhand (, ), also known as Uttaranc ...

Menon Menon may refer to: People *Menon (subcaste), an honorary title accorded to some Nairs. Surnamed *Menon (surname), a surname used historically by those with the title of Menon and now by their descendants. Given named * Menon (cookbook author), ...

, 1971 (Kumaon snowtrout) * '' Schizothorax labiatus'' (McClelland, 1842) (Kunar snowtrout) * '' Schizothorax labrosus'' Y. H. Wang, D. D. Zhuang & L. C. Gao, 1981 * '' Schizothorax lantsangensis'' W.-H. Tsao, 1964 * '' Schizothorax lepidothorax'' J. X. Yang, 1991 * '' Schizothorax leukus'' J. Yang, L. P. Zheng, X. Y. Chen & J. X. Yang, 2013 * '' Schizothorax lissolabiatus'' W.-H. Tsao, 1964 * '' Schizothorax longibarbus'' (P. W. Fang, 1936) * '' Schizothorax macrophthalmus''

Terashima Terashima (written: 寺島 or 寺嶋; sometimes read Terajima) is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include: * Kazuya Terashima a.k.a. Izumi Matsumoto (born 1958), Japanese manga artist * Manji Terashima (1898–1983), Japanese ...

, 1984 (Nepalese snowtrout) * ''

Schizothorax macropogon ''Schizothorax macropogon'' is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus ''Schizothorax'' which is known only from the upper Brahmaputra River in Tibet Tibet (; ''Böd''; ), or Greater Tibet, is a region in the western part of East Asia, ...

'' Regan, 1905 * ''

Schizothorax malacathus ''Schizothorax malacathus'' is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus ''Schizothorax'' from the upper Irrawaddy River drainage in Yunnan. It is found in hill streams with rocky stream beds, it grazes on periphyton Periphyton is a complex mi ...

'' S. Y. Huang, 1985 * '' Schizothorax meridionalis'' W.-H. Tsao, 1964 * '' Schizothorax microcephalus'' F. Day, 1877 * '' Schizothorax microstomus'' S. Y. Huang, 1982 * '' Schizothorax molesworthi'' ( B. L. Chaudhuri, 1913) (Blunt-nosed snowtrout) * '' Schizothorax myzostomus'' W.-H. Tsao, 1964 * '' Schizothorax nasus'' Heckel, 1838 (Dongu snowtrout) * ''

Schizothorax nepalensis ''Schizothorax nepalensis'' is a cyprinid fish species of the genus ''Schizothorax''. It was first collected in 1979 in the alpine fresh water Rara Lake located in Nepal's Rara National Park Rara National Park is a protected area in the Himal ...

'' Terashima, 1984 * ''

Schizothorax niger ''Schizopyge niger'', the Alghad snowtrout, is a species of cyprinid freshwater fish that lives in cold lakes and nearby channels in the Kashmir region in India and Pakistan.Ashoktaru Barat; Rakesh Matura; Jyoti Sati; Rohit Kumar; Farroz A. Bhat; ...

'' Heckel, 1838 (Alghad snowtrout) * '' Schizothorax ninglangensis'' Y. H. Wang, K. X. Zhang & D. D. Zhuang, 1981 * '' Schizothorax nudiventris'' J. Yang, X. Y. Chen & J. X. Yang, 2009 * '' Schizothorax nukiangensis'' W.-H. Tsao, 1964 * ''

Schizothorax oconnori ''Schizothorax'' is a genus of cyprinid fish found in southern and western China, through northern South Asia (Himalaya) and Central Asia, to Iran, with a single species, ''S. prophylax'', in Turkey.Yang, J.; J.X. Yang; and X.Y. Chen (2012). "A r ...

'' Lloyd, 1908 * '' Schizothorax oligolepis'' S. Y. Huang, 1985 * '' Schizothorax parvus'' W.-H. Tsao, 1964 * '' Schizothorax pelzami'' Kessler, 1870 (Transcaspian marinka) * ''

Schizothorax plagiostomus ''Schizothorax plagiostomus'' is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus '' Schizothorax''. ''Schizothorax plagiostomus'' locally known as khont, snow trout, snow carp, snow barbel and swati fish7. Arif Jan., Rab, A., Ullah, R, Haroon, and Ulla ...

'' Heckel, 1838 * ''

Schizothorax prenanti ''Schizothorax prenanti'', also known as Ya-fish, is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus ''Schizothorax'' from the middle and upper parts of the Yangtze basin in China. It is also known as Yayu, as it is native to the city of Ya'an, Sichuan ...

'' ( T. L. Tchang, 1930) * ''

Schizothorax progastus The Dinnawah snowtrout (''Schizothorax progastus'') is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus ''Schizothorax ''Schizothorax'' is a genus of cyprinid fish found in southern and western China, through northern South Asia (Himalaya) and Centra ...

'' (McClelland, 1839) (Dinnawah snowtrout) * '' Schizothorax pseudoaksaiensis'' Herzenstein, 1889 (Ili marinka) * ''

Schizothorax puncticulatus ''Schizothorax'' is a genus of cyprinid fish found in southern and western China, through northern South Asia (Himalaya) and Central Asia, to Iran, with a single species, ''S. prophylax'', in Turkey.Yang, J.; J.X. Yang; and X.Y. Chen (2012). "A r ...

'' C. G. Zhang, Y. H. Zhao & C. Y. Niu, 2019 * '' Schizothorax ramzani'' ( Javed,

Ullah {{Refimprove, date=December 2009 Ellah is an Islamic name, which means "of Allah" or "of The God". Ellah is the form assumed by "Allah" when in a genitive construction. For instance, in classical Arabic when case ending vowels were still prono ...

& Pervaiz, 2012) * '' Schizothorax raraensis'' Terashima, 1984 (Rara snowtrout) * '' Schizothorax richardsonii'' ( J. E. Gray, 1832) (Common snowtrout) * '' Schizothorax rotundimaxillaris'' Y. F. Wu & C. Z. Wu, 1992 * †'' Schizothorax saltans'' Regan, 1905 * '' Schizothorax sinensis'' Herzenstein, 1889 * ''

Schizothorax skarduensis ''Schizothorax skarduensis'' is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus ''Schizothorax ''Schizothorax'' is a genus of cyprinid fish found in southern and western China, through northern South Asia (Himalaya) and Central Asia, to Iran, with a ...

'' Mirza &

A. A. Awan A is the first letter of the Latin and English alphabet. A may also refer to: Science and technology Quantities and units * ''a'', a measure for the attraction between particles in the Van der Waals equation * ''A'' value, a measure of s ...

, 1978 * ''

Schizothorax taliensis ''Schizothorax taliensis'' is a species of cyprinid fish. It was described by Charles Tate Regan in 1907. It inhabits Erhai Lake in Yunnan, China, including its tributaries. It has a maximum length of , a common length of about , and a maximum pu ...

'' Regan, 1907 * ''

Schizothorax waltoni ''Schizothorax waltoni'' is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus ''Schizothorax'' from the Brahmaputra River in Tibet Tibet (; ''Böd''; ), or Greater Tibet, is a region in the western part of East Asia, covering much of the Tibetan ...

'' Regan, 1905 * '' Schizothorax wangchiachii'' (P. W. Fang, 1936) * '' Schizothorax yunnanensis''

Norman Norman or Normans may refer to: Ethnic and cultural identity * The Normans, a people partly descended from Norse Vikings who settled in the territory of Normandy in France in the 9th and 10th centuries ** People or things connected with the Norma ...

, 1923 * ''

Schizothorax zarudnyi ''Schizothorax'' is a genus of cyprinid fish found in southern and western China, through northern South Asia (Himalaya) and Central Asia, to Iran, with a single species, ''S. prophylax'', in Turkey.Yang, J.; J.X. Yang; and X.Y. Chen (2012). "A r ...

'' (Nikolskii, 1897)

References

{{Authority control Schizothoracinae Cyprinidae genera Taxa named by Johann Jakob Heckel Cyprinid fish of Asia