''Schizothorax'' is a

genus Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...

cyprinid Cyprinidae is a Family (biology), family of freshwater fish commonly called the carp or minnow family, including the carps, the true minnows, and their relatives the barb (fish), barbs and barbel (fish), barbels, among others. Cyprinidae is the ...

fish found in southern and western China, through northern

South Asia South Asia is the southern Subregion#Asia, subregion of Asia that is defined in both geographical and Ethnicity, ethnic-Culture, cultural terms. South Asia, with a population of 2.04 billion, contains a quarter (25%) of the world's populatio ...

(

Himalaya The Himalayas, or Himalaya ( ), is a mountain range in Asia, separating the plains of the Indian subcontinent from the Tibetan Plateau. The range has some of the Earth's highest peaks, including the highest, Mount Everest. More than 100 pea ...

) and

Central Asia Central Asia is a region of Asia consisting of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan. The countries as a group are also colloquially referred to as the "-stans" as all have names ending with the Persian language, Pers ...

, to Iran, with a single species, ''S. prophylax'', in Turkey.Yang, J.; J.X. Yang; and X.Y. Chen (2012). "A re-examination of the molecular phylogeny and biogeography of the genus ''Schizothorax'' (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) through enhanced sampling, with emphasis on the species in the Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau, China". ''Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research'' 50(3). Coad, B.W.; and N.K.d. Ville (2004). "On the systematics and distribution of the snow trout ''Schizothorax pelzami'' Kessler, 1870, in Iran (Actinopterygii: Cyprinidae)". ''Zoology in the Middle East'' 32(1): 57-62. They are primarily found in highland rivers, streams and lakes, although a few species occur in lower-lying locations, like Lake Balkhash and lakes of the Sistan Basin.Coad, B.; and J. Hales (2008)
"Helmand - Sistan"
''Freshwater Ecoregions of the World''. Retrieved 18 May 2019. Their

scientific name In Taxonomy (biology), taxonomy, binomial nomenclature ("two-term naming system"), also called binary nomenclature, is a formal system of naming species of living things by giving each a name composed of two parts, both of which use Latin gramm ...

means "cloven-breast", from

Ancient Greek Ancient Greek (, ; ) includes the forms of the Greek language used in ancient Greece and the classical antiquity, ancient world from around 1500 BC to 300 BC. It is often roughly divided into the following periods: Mycenaean Greek (), Greek ...

() 'to cleave' and () 'breast-plate' (see also

thorax The thorax (: thoraces or thoraxes) or chest is a part of the anatomy of mammals and other tetrapod animals located between the neck and the abdomen. In insects, crustaceans, and the extinct trilobites, the thorax is one of the three main di ...

). The western

species A species () is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. It is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), ...

are typically referred to as ''marinkas'' from their Russian name (), while the eastern species are usually called snowtrout. Although they do resemble

trout Trout (: trout) is a generic common name for numerous species of carnivorous freshwater ray-finned fishes belonging to the genera '' Oncorhynchus'', ''Salmo'' and ''Salvelinus'', all of which are members of the subfamily Salmoninae in the ...

s in habitus this is merely due to

convergent evolution Convergent evolution is the independent evolution of similar features in species of different periods or epochs in time. Convergent evolution creates analogous structures that have similar form or function but were not present in the last comm ...

and they are by no means closely related apart from both being

Teleostei Teleostei (; Ancient Greek, Greek ''teleios'' "complete" + ''osteon'' "bone"), members of which are known as teleosts (), is, by far, the largest group of ray-finned fishes (class Actinopterygii), with 96% of all neontology, extant species of f ...

: Cyprinids are in the teleost superorder Ostariophysi, while trouts are in the superorder Protacanthopterygii. Their ancestors must thus have diverged as early as the

Triassic The Triassic ( ; sometimes symbolized 🝈) is a geologic period and system which spans 50.5 million years from the end of the Permian Period 251.902 million years ago ( Mya), to the beginning of the Jurassic Period 201.4 Mya. The Triassic is t ...

, more than 200

million years ago Million years ago, abbreviated as Mya, Myr (megayear) or Ma (megaannum), is a unit of time equal to (i.e. years), or approximately 31.6 teraseconds. Usage Myr is in common use in fields such as Earth science and cosmology. Myr is also used w ...

. ''Schizothorax'' is classified within the

subfamily In biological classification, a subfamily (Latin: ', plural ') is an auxiliary (intermediate) taxonomic rank, next below family but more inclusive than genus. Standard nomenclature rules end botanical subfamily names with "-oideae", and zo ...

Schizotharcinae, the snow barbels, within the family

Cyprinidae Cyprinidae is a family of freshwater fish commonly called the carp or minnow family, including the carps, the true minnows, and their relatives the barbs and barbels, among others. Cyprinidae is the largest and most diverse fish family, and t ...

, the family which includes the carps, barbs and related fishes> This grouping was formerly thought to include the mountain barbels now classified in the subfamily Schizopygopsinae.

Species

These are the currently recognized species in this genus: * '' Schizothorax argentatus'' Kessler, 1874 (Balkhash marinka) * '' Schizothorax beipanensis'' J. Yang, X. Y. Chen & J. X. Yang, 2009 * '' Schizothorax biddulphi'' Günther, 1876 * '' Schizothorax chivae'' Arunkumar & Moyon, 2016 * '' Schizothorax chongi'' ( P. W. Fang, 1936) * '' Schizothorax cryptolepis'' T. Y. Fu & M. R. Ye, 1984 * '' Schizothorax curvilabiatus'' (Wu & W.-H. Tsao, 1992) * '' Schizothorax dainellii'' Vinciguerra, 1916 * '' Schizothorax davidi'' ( Sauvage, 1880) * '' Schizothorax dolichonema'' Herzenstein, 1889 * '' Schizothorax dulongensis'' S. Y. Huang, 1985 * '' Schizothorax edenianus'' McClelland, 1842 * '' Schizothorax elongatus'' S. Y. Huang, 1985 * '' Schizothorax esocinus'' Heckel, 1838 (Chirruh snowtrout) * '' Schizothorax eurystomus'' Kessler, 1872 * '' Schizothorax fedtschenkoi'' Kessler, 1872 * '' Schizothorax gongshanensis'' W.-H. Tsao, 1964 * '' Schizothorax grahami'' ( Regan, 1904) * '' Schizothorax griseus'' Pellegrin, 1931 * '' Schizothorax gulinensis'' R. H. Ding, X. Y. Dai & W. Y. Huang, 2022 * '' Schizothorax heteri'' J. Yang, L. P. Zheng, ZX. Y. Chen & J. X. Yang, 2013 * '' Schizothorax heterochilus'' M. R. Ye & T. Y. Fu, 1986 * '' Schizothorax heterophysallidos'' J. Yang, X. Y. Chen & J. X. Yang, 2009 * '' Schizothorax huegelii'' Heckel, 1838 * '' Schizothorax integrilabiatus'' ( Y. F. Wu et al., 1992) * '' Schizothorax intermedius'' McClelland &

Griffith Griffith may refer to: People * Griffith (name) * Griffith (surname) * Griffith (given name) Places Antarctica * Mount Griffith, Ross Dependency * Griffith Peak (Antarctica), Marie Byrd Land * Griffith Glacier, Marie Byrd Land * Griffith Ridge, ...

, 1842 * '' Schizothorax kozlovi'' Nikolskii, 1903 * '' Schizothorax kumaonensis'' Menon, 1971 (Kumaon snowtrout) * '' Schizothorax labiatus'' (McClelland, 1842) (Kunar snowtrout) * '' Schizothorax labrosus'' Y. H. Wang, D. D. Zhuang & L. C. Gao, 1981 * '' Schizothorax lantsangensis'' W.-H. Tsao, 1964 * '' Schizothorax lepidothorax'' J. X. Yang, 1991 * '' Schizothorax leukus'' J. Yang, L. P. Zheng, X. Y. Chen & J. X. Yang, 2013 * '' Schizothorax lissolabiatus'' W.-H. Tsao, 1964 * '' Schizothorax longibarbus'' (P. W. Fang, 1936) * '' Schizothorax macrophthalmus'' Terashima, 1984 (Nepalese snowtrout) * '' Schizothorax macropogon'' Regan, 1905 * '' Schizothorax malacathus'' S. Y. Huang, 1985 * '' Schizothorax meridionalis'' W.-H. Tsao, 1964 * '' Schizothorax microcephalus'' F. Day, 1877 * '' Schizothorax microstomus'' S. Y. Huang, 1982 * '' Schizothorax molesworthi'' ( B. L. Chaudhuri, 1913) (Blunt-nosed snowtrout) * '' Schizothorax myzostomus'' W.-H. Tsao, 1964 * '' Schizothorax nasus'' Heckel, 1838 (Dongu snowtrout) * '' Schizothorax nepalensis'' Terashima, 1984 * '' Schizothorax niger'' Heckel, 1838 (Alghad snowtrout) * '' Schizothorax ninglangensis'' Y. H. Wang, K. X. Zhang & D. D. Zhuang, 1981 * '' Schizothorax nudiventris'' J. Yang, X. Y. Chen & J. X. Yang, 2009 * '' Schizothorax nukiangensis'' W.-H. Tsao, 1964 * '' Schizothorax oconnori'' Lloyd, 1908 * '' Schizothorax oligolepis'' S. Y. Huang, 1985 * '' Schizothorax parvus'' W.-H. Tsao, 1964 * '' Schizothorax pelzami'' Kessler, 1870 (Transcaspian marinka) * ''

Schizothorax plagiostomus ''Schizothorax plagiostomus'' is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus '' Schizothorax''. ''Schizothorax plagiostomus'' locally known as khont, snow trout, snow carp, snow barbel and swati fish7. Arif Jan., Rab, A., Ullah, R, Haroon, and Ulla ...

'' Heckel, 1838 * '' Schizothorax prenanti'' ( T. L. Tchang, 1930) * '' Schizothorax progastus'' (McClelland, 1839) (Dinnawah snowtrout) * '' Schizothorax pseudoaksaiensis'' Herzenstein, 1889 (Ili marinka) * '' Schizothorax puncticulatus'' C. G. Zhang, Y. H. Zhao & C. Y. Niu, 2019 * '' Schizothorax ramzani'' ( Javed, Ullah & Pervaiz, 2012) * '' Schizothorax raraensis'' Terashima, 1984 (Rara snowtrout) * '' Schizothorax richardsonii'' ( J. E. Gray, 1832) (Common snowtrout) * '' Schizothorax rotundimaxillaris'' Y. F. Wu & C. Z. Wu, 1992 * †'' Schizothorax saltans'' Regan, 1905 * '' Schizothorax sinensis'' Herzenstein, 1889 * '' Schizothorax skarduensis'' Mirza & A. A. Awan, 1978 * '' Schizothorax taliensis'' Regan, 1907 * '' Schizothorax waltoni'' Regan, 1905 * '' Schizothorax wangchiachii'' (P. W. Fang, 1936) * '' Schizothorax yunnanensis'' Norman, 1923 * ''

Schizothorax zarudnyi ''Schizothorax'' is a genus of cyprinid fish found in southern and western China, through northern South Asia (Himalaya) and Central Asia, to Iran, with a single species, ''S. prophylax'', in Turkey.Yang, J.; J.X. Yang; and X.Y. Chen (2012). "A r ...

'' (Nikolskii, 1897)

References

{{Authority control Schizothoracinae Cyprinidae genera Taxa named by Johann Jakob Heckel Cyprinid fish of Asia