HOME

TheInfoList



OR:

''Schinus'' is a genus of
flowering Flowers, also known as blooms and blossoms, are the reproductive structures of flowering plants ( angiosperms). Typically, they are structured in four circular levels, called whorls, around the end of a stalk. These whorls include: calyx, m ...
tree In botany, a tree is a perennial plant with an elongated stem, or trunk, usually supporting branches and leaves. In some usages, the definition of a tree may be narrower, e.g., including only woody plants with secondary growth, only ...
s and tall
shrub A shrub or bush is a small to medium-sized perennial woody plant. Unlike herbaceous plants, shrubs have persistent woody stems above the ground. Shrubs can be either deciduous or evergreen. They are distinguished from trees by their multiple ...
s in the
sumac Sumac or sumach ( , )—not to be confused with poison sumac—is any of the roughly 35 species of flowering plants in the genus ''Rhus'' (and related genera) of the cashew and mango tree family, Anacardiaceae. However, it is '' Rhus coriaria ...
family,
Anacardiaceae The Anacardiaceae, commonly known as the cashew family or sumac family, are a family of flowering plants, including about 83 genera with about 860 known species. Members of the Anacardiaceae bear fruits that are drupes and in some cases produce ...
. Members of the genus are commonly known as pepper trees. The Peruvian pepper tree (''
Schinus molle ''Schinus'' is a genus of flowering trees and tall shrubs in the sumac family, Anacardiaceae. Members of the genus are commonly known as pepper trees. The Peruvian pepper tree ('' Schinus molle'') is the source of the spice known as pink pep ...
'') is the source of the spice known as
pink peppercorn A pink peppercorn ( ) is a dried berry referring to three different species; the traditional Baies rose plant '' Euonymus phellomanus'', the shrub ''Schinus molle'', commonly known as the Peruvian peppertree, and the ''Schinus terebinthifolia'' ...
. The species of ''Schinus'' are native to South America, ranging from Peru and northeastern Brazil to southern South America. Some species (e.g. ''
Schinus terebinthifolia ''Schinus terebinthifolia'' is a species of flowering plant in the cashew family, Anacardiaceae, that is native to subtropical and tropical South America. Common names include Brazilian peppertree, aroeira, rose pepper, broadleaved pepper tree, ...
'') have become an
invasive species An invasive species is an introduced species that harms its new environment. Invasive species adversely affect habitats and bioregions, causing ecological, environmental, and/or economic damage. The term can also be used for native spec ...
outside their natural habitats. ''
Schinus polygama ''Schinus polygama'', the Hardee peppertree or Chilean pepper tree, is a species of plant in the family Anacardiaceae native to Argentina and Chile and naturalized in California. Taxonomy The species name has been spelled ''Schinus polygamus'', ...
'', although less well known, is also potentially weedy in mesic areas.


Etymology

The generic name is derived from the
Greek Greek may refer to: Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe: *Greeks, an ethnic group *Greek language, a branch of the Indo-European language family **Proto-Greek language, the assumed last common ancestor of all kno ...
word for ''
Pistacia lentiscus ''Pistacia lentiscus'' (also lentisk or mastic) is a dioecious evergreen shrub or small tree of the genus '' Pistacia'' native to the Mediterranean Basin. It grows up to tall and is cultivated for its aromatic resin, mainly on the Greek isl ...
'', Σχίνος (''schinos''), which it resembles. There has been considerable historical confusion as to the correct
grammatical gender In linguistics, a grammatical gender system is a specific form of a noun class system, where nouns are assigned to gender categories that are often not related to the real-world qualities of the entities denoted by those nouns. In languages wit ...
of the genus name; this was resolved in 2015 with the determination that the correct gender of ''Schinus'' is feminine, not masculine, and adjectival names within the genus must be spelled accordingly. E.g. ''
Schinus polygamus ''Schinus polygama'', the Hardee peppertree or Chilean pepper tree, is a species of plant in the family Anacardiaceae native to Argentina and Chile and naturalized in California. Taxonomy The species name has been spelled ''Schinus polygamus'', ...
'' is found in the literature, but ''
Schinus polygama ''Schinus polygama'', the Hardee peppertree or Chilean pepper tree, is a species of plant in the family Anacardiaceae native to Argentina and Chile and naturalized in California. Taxonomy The species name has been spelled ''Schinus polygamus'', ...
'' is deemed to be the correct form. This is because botanical tradition uses feminine gender for the
genus Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...
name ''Schinus'', as is the classical tradition for most genus names of trees that end in -''us'', and ''polygama'' is an
adjective An adjective (abbreviations, abbreviated ) is a word that describes or defines a noun or noun phrase. Its semantic role is to change information given by the noun. Traditionally, adjectives are considered one of the main part of speech, parts of ...
that must take a feminine form (not the masculine form ''polygamus'').


Species

34 species are currently accepted: *''
Schinus areira ''Schinus'' is a genus of flowering trees and tall shrubs in the sumac family, Anacardiaceae. Members of the genus are commonly known as pepper trees. The Peruvian pepper tree (''Schinus molle'') is the source of the spice known as pink pepperc ...
'' –
Peru Peru, officially the Republic of Peru, is a country in western South America. It is bordered in the north by Ecuador and Colombia, in the east by Brazil, in the southeast by Bolivia, in the south by Chile, and in the south and west by the Pac ...
,
Bolivia Bolivia, officially the Plurinational State of Bolivia, is a landlocked country located in central South America. The country features diverse geography, including vast Amazonian plains, tropical lowlands, mountains, the Gran Chaco Province, w ...
, northern
Chile Chile, officially the Republic of Chile, is a country in western South America. It is the southernmost country in the world and the closest to Antarctica, stretching along a narrow strip of land between the Andes, Andes Mountains and the Paci ...
*''
Schinus bumelioides ''Schinus'' is a genus of flowering trees and tall shrubs in the sumac family, Anacardiaceae. Members of the genus are commonly known as pepper trees. The Peruvian pepper tree (''Schinus molle'') is the source of the spice known as pink pepperc ...
'' – northern Argentina *''
Schinus engleri ''Schinus'' is a genus of flowering trees and tall shrubs in the sumac family, Anacardiaceae. Members of the genus are commonly known as pepper trees. The Peruvian pepper tree (''Schinus molle'') is the source of the spice known as pink pepperc ...
'' F.A.Barkley
Argentina Argentina, officially the Argentine Republic, is a country in the southern half of South America. It covers an area of , making it the List of South American countries by area, second-largest country in South America after Brazil, the fourt ...
,
Brazil Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest country in South America. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by area, fifth-largest country by area and the List of countries and dependencies by population ...
, and
Uruguay Uruguay, officially the Oriental Republic of Uruguay, is a country in South America. It shares borders with Argentina to its west and southwest and Brazil to its north and northeast, while bordering the Río de la Plata to the south and the A ...
*''
Schinus fasciculata ''Schinus'' is a genus of flowering trees and tall shrubs in the sumac family, Anacardiaceae. Members of the genus are commonly known as pepper trees. The Peruvian pepper tree (''Schinus molle'') is the source of the spice known as pink pepperc ...
'' (Griseb.) I.M.Johnst. – Bolivia, Paraguay, and northern Argentina *''
Schinus ferox ''Schinus'' is a genus of Flowering plant, flowering trees and tall shrubs in the sumac family, Anacardiaceae. Members of the genus are commonly known as pepper trees. The Peruvian pepper tree (''Schinus molle'') is the source of the spice known ...
'' – southern Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, northern Argentina (Misiones Province) *'' Schinus gracilipes'' – northwestern Argentina *'' Schinus johnstonii'' – Argentina and Uruguay *'' Schinus kauselii'' – central Chile *'' Schinus latifolia'' (Gillies ex Lindl.) Engl. – central Chile *'' Schinus lentiscifolia'' – southern Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, northern Argentina (Misiones Province) *'' Schinus longifolia'' – west-central and southern Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, nand northern Argentina *''
Schinus marchandii ''Schinus'' is a genus of flowering trees and tall shrubs in the sumac family, Anacardiaceae. Members of the genus are commonly known as pepper trees. The Peruvian pepper tree (''Schinus molle'') is the source of the spice known as pink pepperc ...
'' – southern Chile and southern Argentina *'' Schinus meyeri'' – Bolivia and northwestern Argentina (Salta Province) *''
Schinus microphylla ''Schinus'' is a genus of flowering trees and tall shrubs in the sumac family, Anacardiaceae. Members of the genus are commonly known as pepper trees. The Peruvian pepper tree (''Schinus molle'') is the source of the spice known as pink pepperc ...
'' – Peru and Bolivia *''
Schinus molle ''Schinus'' is a genus of flowering trees and tall shrubs in the sumac family, Anacardiaceae. Members of the genus are commonly known as pepper trees. The Peruvian pepper tree ('' Schinus molle'') is the source of the spice known as pink pep ...
'' L. Peruvian pepper tree **''Schinus molle'' var. ''molle'' (=''S. bituminosa, S. occidentalis'') – Peru and northern Chile; southern Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, and northeastern Argentina **''Schinus molle'' var. ''rusbyi'' (L.) DC. – southern Peru and northern Chile *'' Schinus montana'' – central Chile *'' Schinus myrtifolia'' – Bolivia and northwestern Argentina *'' Schinus odonellii'' – southern Chile and western Argentina *'' Schinus pampeana'' – southern Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul) *'' Schinus patagonica'' – central and southern Chile and western Argentina *''
Schinus pearcei ''Schinus pearcei'' is a species of plant in the family Anacardiaceae. It is found in Bolivia, Chile, and Peru Peru, officially the Republic of Peru, is a country in western South America. It is bordered in the north by Ecuador and Colombi ...
'' Engler
Bolivia Bolivia, officially the Plurinational State of Bolivia, is a landlocked country located in central South America. The country features diverse geography, including vast Amazonian plains, tropical lowlands, mountains, the Gran Chaco Province, w ...
, northern
Chile Chile, officially the Republic of Chile, is a country in western South America. It is the southernmost country in the world and the closest to Antarctica, stretching along a narrow strip of land between the Andes, Andes Mountains and the Paci ...
, and
Peru Peru, officially the Republic of Peru, is a country in western South America. It is bordered in the north by Ecuador and Colombia, in the east by Brazil, in the southeast by Bolivia, in the south by Chile, and in the south and west by the Pac ...
*''
Schinus pilifera ''Schinus'' is a genus of flowering trees and tall shrubs in the sumac family, Anacardiaceae. Members of the genus are commonly known as pepper trees. The Peruvian pepper tree (''Schinus molle'') is the source of the spice known as pink pepperc ...
'' – Bolivia and northern Argentina *''
Schinus polygama ''Schinus polygama'', the Hardee peppertree or Chilean pepper tree, is a species of plant in the family Anacardiaceae native to Argentina and Chile and naturalized in California. Taxonomy The species name has been spelled ''Schinus polygamus'', ...
'' (Cav.) Cabrera (=''S. dentata'', ''S. dependens'') – Chile and northwestern Argentina (Mendoza) *'' Schinus praecox'' – north-central Argentina *'' Schinus ramboi'' – southern and southeastern Brazil *'' Schinus roigii'' – western Argentina *'' Schinus sinuata'' – northeastern Argentina *''
Schinus spinosa ''Schinus'' is a genus of flowering trees and tall shrubs in the sumac family, Anacardiaceae. Members of the genus are commonly known as pepper trees. The Peruvian pepper tree (''Schinus molle'') is the source of the spice known as pink pepperc ...
'' – Brazil (Paraná state) *'' Schinus talampaya'' – northwestern Argentina (San Juan and La Rioja) *''
Schinus terebinthifolia ''Schinus terebinthifolia'' is a species of flowering plant in the cashew family, Anacardiaceae, that is native to subtropical and tropical South America. Common names include Brazilian peppertree, aroeira, rose pepper, broadleaved pepper tree, ...
'' Raddi Brazilian pepper tree – northeastern to southeastern Brazil, northeastern Argentina, and
Paraguay Paraguay, officially the Republic of Paraguay, is a landlocked country in South America. It is bordered by Argentina to the Argentina–Paraguay border, south and southwest, Brazil to the Brazil–Paraguay border, east and northeast, and Boli ...
**''Schinus terebinthifolia'' var. ''acutifolia'' Engl. **''Schinus terebinthifolia'' var. ''terebinthifolia'' (=''S. aroiera, S. chichita, S. mellisii, S, mucronulata, S. rhoifolia'') *'' Schinus uruguayensis'' – southern Brazil, Uruguay, and northeastern Argentina *''
Schinus velutina ''Schinus'' is a genus of flowering trees and tall shrubs in the sumac family, Anacardiaceae. Members of the genus are commonly known as pepper trees. The Peruvian pepper tree (''Schinus molle'') is the source of the spice known as pink pepperc ...
'' – central Chile *'' Schinus venturii'' F.A.Barkley – southern Bolivia to northwestern Argentina (Salta) *'' Schinus weinmanniifolia'' Mart. ex Engl. – south-central to eastern and southern Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, and northeastern Argentina


Formerly placed here

*'' Cuscuta myricoides'' (L.) Druce (as ''S. myricoides'' L.) *''
Limonia acidissima ''Limonia acidissima'' is the only species within the monotypic genus ''Limonia''. Common names for the species in English include wood-apple and elephant-apple. It is sometimes also called monkey fruit. Description ''Limonia acidissima'' is a ...
'' L. (as ''S. limonia'' L.) *'' Lithraea molleoides'' (Vell.) Engl. (as ''S. molleoides'' Vell.) *''
Zanthoxylum fagara ''Zanthoxylum fagara'' or wild lime, is a species of flowering plant that—despite its name—is not part of the genus ''Citrus'' with real limes and other fruit, but is a close cousin in the larger citrus family, Rutaceae. It is more closely ...
'' (L.) Sarg. (as ''S. fagara'' L.)


References


External links

* {{Authority control Anacardiaceae genera Flora of Southern America Plants described in 1753 Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus