The Schedule for Nonadaptive and Adaptive Personality (SNAP) is a self-reporting questionnaire for assessment of

personality disorder Personality disorders (PD) are a class of mental disorders characterized by enduring maladaptive patterns of behavior, cognition, and inner experience, exhibited across many contexts and deviating from those accepted by the individual's cultur ...

s (Axis II of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) introduced in 1993 by

Lee Anna Clark Lee Anna Clark is an American psychologist and William J. and Dorothy K. O’Neill Professor of Psychology in the Department of Psychology at the University of Notre Dame in Notre Dame, Indiana, United States. She used to be a professor and co ...

. It is not to be confused with SNAP-IV — the Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham Rating Scale, rev. 4. Initially it was compiled from the DSM-III criteria. The questions are grouped into 15 scales. Twelve of them assess maladaptive personality: mistrust, self-harm, eccentric perceptions,

aggression Aggression is overt or covert, often harmful, social interaction with the intention of inflicting damage or other harm upon another individual; although it can be channeled into creative and practical outlets for some. It may occur either reacti ...

, manipulativeness,

entitlement An entitlement is a provision made in accordance with a legal framework of a society. Typically, entitlements are based on concepts of principle ("rights") which are themselves based in concepts of social equality or enfranchisement. In psycholo ...

, detachment,

exhibitionism Exhibitionism is the act of exposing in a public or semi-public context one's intimate parts – for example, the breasts, genitals or buttocks. The practice may arise from a desire or compulsion to expose themselves in such a manner to grou ...

, dependency,

impulsivity In psychology, impulsivity (or impulsiveness) is a tendency to act on a whim, displaying behavior characterized by little or no forethought, reflection, or consideration of the consequences. Impulsive actions are typically "poorly conceived, prem ...

workaholism A workaholic is a person who works compulsively. A workaholic experiences an inability to limit the amount of time they spend on work despite negative consequences such as damage to their relationships or health. There is no generally accepted ...

, propriety, and three assess rather broad traits: negative temperament, positive temperament,

disinhibition In psychology, disinhibition is a lack of restraint manifested in disregard of social conventions, impulsivity, and poor risk assessment. Disinhibition affects motor, instinctual, emotional, cognitive, and perceptual aspects with signs and sympto ...

, The convergence of SNAP with other independently developed tests, such as DAPP-BQ (Dimensional Assessment of Personality Pathology—Basic Questionnaire), are noted in literature. One study provided some evidence for the test-retest reliability and predictive validity.

References

Mental disorders screening and assessment tools {{abnormal-psych-stub