''Scelidodon'' is an extinct

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial n ...

of South American

ground sloth Ground sloths are a diverse group of extinct sloths in the mammalian superorder Xenarthra. The term is used to refer to all extinct sloths because of the large size of the earliest forms discovered, compared to existing tree sloths. The Cari ...

s. Its remains have been found in the Yupoí and Uspara Formations of

Argentina Argentina (), officially the Argentine Republic ( es, link=no, República Argentina), is a country in the southern half of South America. Argentina covers an area of , making it the second-largest country in South America after Brazil, t ...

, the

Ulloma Ulloma is a small town in Bolivia , image_flag = Bandera de Bolivia (Estado).svg , flag_alt = Horizontal tricolor (red, yellow, and green from top to bottom) with the coat of arms of Bolivia in the center , fla ...

, Umala, Ñuapua and

Tarija Formation Tarija or San Bernardo de la Frontera de Tarixa is a city in southern Bolivia. Founded in 1574, Tarija is the largest city and capital and municipality within the Tarija Department, with an airport ( Capitán Oriel Lea Plaza Airport, (TJA)) of ...

s of

Bolivia , image_flag = Bandera de Bolivia (Estado).svg , flag_alt = Horizontal tricolor (red, yellow, and green from top to bottom) with the coat of arms of Bolivia in the center , flag_alt2 = 7 × 7 square p ...

, in

Brazil Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: ), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At and with over 217 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area ...

, in

Chile Chile, officially the Republic of Chile, is a country in the western part of South America. It is the southernmost country in the world, and the closest to Antarctica, occupying a long and narrow strip of land between the Andes to the eas ...

and in

Peru , image_flag = Flag of Peru.svg , image_coat = Escudo nacional del Perú.svg , other_symbol = Great Seal of the State , other_symbol_type = Seal (emblem), National seal , national_motto = "Fi ...

.''Scelidodon''
at

Fossilworks Fossilworks is a portal which provides query, download, and analysis tools to facilitate access to the Paleobiology Database, a large relational database assembled by hundreds of paleontologists from around the world. History Fossilworks was cre ...

.org The youngest fossils have been dated to as recently as 9000 B.P. Scelidodon tarjiarensis

Description

''Scelidodon'' was one of the last of the ground sloths and was one of the largest scelidotheriids, with ''S. chiliense'' reaching up to 4.7 meters.Miño-Boilini, Á. R., & Carlini, A. A. (2009)
The Scelidotheriinae Ameghino, 1904 (Phyllophaga, Xenarthra) from the Ensenadan–Lujanian Stage/Ages (Early Pleistocene to Early-Middle Pleistocene–Early Holocene) of Argentina.
''Quaternary International'', ''210''(1-2), 93-101. Its body weight has been estimated at over 1500 kg. ''Scelidodon'' was widley distributed in temperate grassland environments and due to its contemporary megatheriines being high browsers, this suggests that ''Scelidodon'' was a grazerMiño-Boilini, A. R., Carlini, A. A., Chiesa, J. O., Lucero, N. P., & Zurita, A. E. (2009)
First record of Scelidodon chiliense (Lydekker)(Phyllophaga, Scelidotheriinae) from the Lujanian stage (late Pleistocene-early Holocene) of Argentina.
''Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie-Abhandlungen'', ''253'', 373-381. like its close relative, ''Scelidotherium''.

Discovery

The first remains of ''Scelidodon'' were collected in the 1850s in Tarija Valley,

and consisted of a skull and mandible (MNHN TAR 1260). It wasn't until 1880 that

Paul Gervais Paul Gervais full name François Louis Paul Gervais (26 September 1816 – 10 February 1879) was a French palaeontologist and entomologist. Biography Gervais was born in Paris, where he obtained the diplomas of doctor of science and of medicine ...

and

Florentino Ameghino Florentino Ameghino (born Giovanni Battista Fiorino Giuseppe Ameghino September 19, 1853 – August 6, 1911) was an Argentine naturalist, paleontologist, anthropologist and zoologist, whose fossil discoveries on the Argentine Pampas, especiall ...

described the remains as ''Scelidotherium tarijarensis''''.'' In the same paper, ''Scelidotherium capellini'' was described based on a left hemimandible (

MNHN The French National Museum of Natural History, known in French as the ' (abbreviation MNHN), is the national natural history museum of France and a ' of higher education part of Sorbonne Universities. The main museum, with four galleries, is loca ...

PAM 231) with a referred skull (

MACN The Bernardino Rivadavia Natural Sciences Argentine Museum ( es, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia) is a public museum located in the Caballito section of Buenos Aires, Argentina. History and overview The museum owes it ...

994), the fossils were found at ‘‘Toscas del Rio de la Plata’’ in

. The genus ''Scelidodon'' was erected in 1881 with the type species, ''Scelidodon cope''i'','' name by Ameghino. The type specimen (MACN A-1158) of ''S. copei'' comes from

Ensenadan The Ensenadan age is a period of geologic time (1.2–0.8 Ma) within the Early Pleistocene epoch of the Quaternary used more specifically with South American Land Mammal Ages. It follows the Uquian and precedes the Lujanian The Lujanian age is a ...

sediments in

Mercedes, Buenos Aires Mercedes () is a city in Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. It is located 100 km (62 miles) west from Buenos Aires and 30 km (18 miles) southwest of Luján. It is the administrative headquarters for the district ('' partido'') of Merced ...

province and consists of a left maxilla. ''S. tarijarensis'' and ''S. capellini'' were transferred to ''Scelidodon'' in 1889 by Ameghino. ''S. chiliense'' was named based on a skull (BMNH M 2819) from the late Pleistocene of

Richard Lydekker Richard Lydekker (; 25 July 1849 – 16 April 1915) was an English naturalist, geologist and writer of numerous books on natural history. Biography Richard Lydekker was born at Tavistock Square in London. His father was Gerard Wolfe Lydekker ...

in 1886. Since the 19th century, much material of ''Scelidodon'' has been found from 5 countries and is one of the most well preserved scelidotheres.

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q7430691 Prehistoric sloths Pleistocene xenarthrans Holocene extinctions Pleistocene mammals of South America Ensenadan Lujanian Pleistocene Argentina Fossils of Argentina Paraná Basin Pleistocene Bolivia Fossils of Bolivia Pleistocene Brazil Fossils of Brazil Pleistocene Chile Fossils of Chile Pleistocene Peru Fossils of Peru Fossil taxa described in 1881 Taxa named by Florentino Ameghino