Scavenger Scarab Beetle

Hybosoridae, sometimes known as the scavenger scarab beetles, is a family of scarabaeiform beetles. The >600 species in 78 extant genera occur widely in the tropics, but little is known of their biology.

Hybosorids are small, 5–7 mm in length and oval in shape. Color ranges from a glossy light brown to black. They are distinctive for their large mandibles and labrum, and their 10-segmented antennae, in which the 8th antennomere of the club is deeply grooved and occupied by the 9th and 10th antennomeres. The legs have prominent spurs.

The larvae have the C-shape and creamy white appearance typical of the scarabaeiforms. The 4-segmented legs are well-developed; the front legs are used to stridulate by rubbing against the margin of the epipharynx, a habit unique to this family.

Adults are known to feed on invertebrate and vertebrate carrion, with some found in dung. Larvae have been found in decomposing plant material. Little more is known of their life histories.

The group has been long recognized as distinct, primarily because of the larval characteristics, either as a distinct family or as a subfamily of Scarabaeidae, though its constituency was greatly expanded with the inclusion within it of the former family Ceratocanthidae.

File:Hybosorus arator (Illiger, 1803) (2966310437).jpg, ''Hybosorus roei''
File:Hybosorus illigeri. Small Scarab Beetle - Flickr - gailhampshire (1).jpg, ''Hybosorus roei''

Genera

* '' Acanthocerodes'' ^{c g}
* '' Adraria'' ^{c g}
* '' Afrocloetus'' ^{c g}
* '' Allidiostoma'' ^{c g}
* ''Anaides'' ^{c g}
* '' Aneilobolus'' ^{c g}
* ''Anopsiostes'' ^{c g}
* '' Antiochrus'' ^{c g}
* '' Apalonychus'' ^{c g}
* '' Aporolaus'' ^{c g}
* '' Araeotanypus'' ^{c g}
* '' Astaenomoechus'' ^{c g}
* '' Aulisostes'' ^{c g}
* '' Baloghianestes'' ^{c g}
* '' Besuchetostes'' ^{c g}
* '' Brenskea'' ^{c g}
* '' Callophilharmostes'' ^{c g}
* '' Callosides'' ^{c g}
* '' Carinophilharmostes'' ^{c g}
* '' Celaenochrous'' ^{c g}
* '' Ceratocanthoides'' ^{c g}
* '' Ceratocanthopsis'' ^{c g}
* '' Ceratocanthus'' White, 1842 ^{i c g b}
* '' Chaetodus'' ^{c g}
* '' Chaetophilharmostes'' ^{c g}
* '' Cloeotus'' ^{c g}
* '' Coilodes'' ^{c g}
* '' Congomostes'' ^{c g}
* '' Cryptogenius'' ^{c g}
* '' Cryptophilharmostes'' ^{c g}
* '' Cryptosphaeroides'' ^{c g}
* '' Cyphopisthes'' ^{c g}
* '' Daimothoracodes'' ^{c g}
* '' Dicraeodon'' ^{c g}
* '' Ebbrittoniella'' ^{c g}
* '' Eusphaeropeltis'' ^{c g}
* ''Germarostes'' Paulian, 1982 ^{i c g b}
* '' Glyptogermarostes'' ^c
* '' Goudotostes'' ^{c g}
* '' Hapalonychoides'' ^{c g}
* '' Hybochaetodus'' ^{c g}
* '' Hybosoroides'' ^{c g}
* '' Hybosorus'' MacLeay, 1819 ^{i c g b}
* '' Hypseloderus'' ^{c g}
* '' Ivieolus'' ^{c g}
* '' Kuijtenous'' ^{c g}
* '' Liparochrus'' ^{c g}
* '' Macrophilharmostes'' ^c
* '' Madrasostes'' ^{c g}
* '' Martinezostes'' ^{c g}
* '' Melanophilharmostes'' ^{c g}
* '' Metachaetodus'' ^{c g}
* '' Microphaeochroops'' ^{c g}
* '' Microphaeolodes'' ^{c g}
* '' Mimocoelodes'' ^{c g}
* '' Nesopalla'' ^{c g}
* '' Oxymorostes'' ^{c g}
* '' Pachyplectrus'' LeConte, 1874 ^{i c g b}
* '' Pantolasius'' ^{c g}
* '' Parallidiostoma'' ^{c g}
* '' Paulianostes'' ^{c g}
* '' Perignamptus'' ^{c g}
* '' Petrovitzostes'' ^{c g}
* '' Phaeochridius'' ^{c g}
* '' Phaeochroops'' ^{c g}
* ''Phaeochrous'' ^{c g}
* '' Phaeocroides'' ^{c g}
* '' Philharmostes'' ^{c g}
* '' Procoilodes''
* '' Pseudopterorthochaetes'' ^{c g}
* '' Pseudosynarmostes'' ^{c g}
* '' Pterorthochaetes'' ^{c g}
* '' Scarabaeinus'' ^{c g}
* '' Scarabatermes'' ^{c g}
* '' Seleucosorus'' ^{c g}
* '' Synarmostes'' ^{c g}
* '' Totoia'' ^{c g}
* '' Trachycrusus'' ^{c g}
* '' Tyrannasorus''
* '' Xenocanthus'' ^{c g}

Data sources: i = ITIS, c = Catalogue of Life, g = GBIF, b = Bugguide.net

Extinct genera

* Subfamily Anaidinae Nikolajev 1996
** †'' Crassisorus'' Nikolajev et al. 2012 Yixian Formation, China, Early Cretaceous (Aptian)
** †'' Cretanaides'' Nikolajev 1996 Zaza Formation, Russia, Aptian
** †'' Protanaides'' Nikolajev 2010 Zaza Formation, Russia, Aptian
* Subfamily Ceratocanthinae Martinez 1968
** Tribe Ivieolini Howden and Gill 2000
*** †'' Mesoceratocanthus'' Nikolajev et al. 2010 Yixian Formation, China, Aptian
* Subfamily Hybosorinae Erichson 1847
** †'' Cretohybosorus'' Nikolajev 1999 Zaza Formation, Russia, Aptian
** †'' Fortishybosorus'' Yan et al. 2013 Yixian Formation, China, Aptian
** †'' Jurahybosorus'' Nikolajev 2005 Bayan Teg, Mongolia, Middle Jurassic (Bajocian), Karabastau Formation, Kazakhstan, Late Jurassic
** †'' Leptosorus'' Nikolajev 2006 Jiufotang Formation, China, Aptian, Zaza Formation, Russia, Aptian
** †'' Protohybosorus'' Nikolajev 2010 Karabastau Formation, Kazakhstan, Late Jurassic
* Subfamily †Mimaphodiinae Nikolajev 2007
** †'' Mimaphodius'' Nikolajev 2007 Zaza Formation, Russia, Aptian
* Subfamily Liparochrinae Ocampo 2006
** †'' Libanochrus'' Kirejtshuk et al. 2011 Lebanese amber, Early Cretaceous (Barremian)
* †'' Coprologus'' Heer 1847 Upper Freshwater-Molasse Formation, Germany, Miocene
* †'' Procoilodes'' Ocampo 2002 Dominican amber, Miocene
* †'' Pulcherhybosorus'' Yan et al. 2012 Yixian Formation, China, Aptian
* †'' Sinochaetodus'' Lu et al. 2018 Yixian Formation, China, Aptian
* †'' Sinohybosorus'' Nie et al. 2018 Yixian Formation, China, Aptian
* †'' Tyrannasorus'' Ratcliffe and Ocampo 2001 Dominican amber, Miocene

References

* Mary Liz Jameson, "Hybosoridae", in Ross H. Arnett, Jr. and Michael C. Thomas, ''American Beetles'' (CRC Press, 2002), vol. 2

{{Taxonbar, from=Q137719

Scarabaeiformia
Beetle families