''Scaphopetalum'' is a genus previously classified under the plant family
Sterculiaceae
Sterculiaceae was a family of flowering plant based on the genus '' Sterculia''. Genera formerly included in Sterculiaceae are now placed in the family Malvaceae, in the subfamilies: Byttnerioideae, Dombeyoideae, Helicteroideae and Sterculioide ...
. Currently, under the
APG IV
The APG IV system of flowering plant classification is the fourth version of a modern, mostly molecular-based, system of plant taxonomy for flowering plants (angiosperms) being developed by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG). It was published ...
system the genus is placed under the subfamily
Byttnerioideae
Byttnerioideae is a Family (biology), subfamily of the flowering plant family Malvaceae.
''Byttneria'' is the type genus for the subfamily. ''Byttneria'' is now treated as synonym of ''Ayenia''.
Tribes and genera
Four tribes are recognised by t ...
of the family
Malvaceae
Malvaceae (), or the mallows, is a family of flowering plants estimated to contain 244 genera with 4225 known species. Well-known members of economic importance include Theobroma cacao, cacao, Cola (plant), cola, cotton, okra, Hibiscus sabdariffa, ...
sensu lato. The distribution of the genus is restricted to the rain forests of Africa. In total 26 taxa have been described, 21 have been recognized (20 species and 1 variety), two invalid and one nomen nudus (without a formal description).
History
The genus ''Scaphopetalum'' was first described by Masters (1867), based on material from Equatorial Guinee (Mt.John) collected by
Gustav Mann
Gustav Mann (1836–1916) was a German botanist who led expeditions in West Africa and was also a gardener at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Born in the Kingdom of Hanover in 1836, he was chosen by William Jackson Hooker, Director of the Royal Bo ...
. Three species were described by
Maxwell T. Masters, ''
S. longe-penduculatum'', ''
S. blackii'' and ''
S. mannii''. Later, É. De Wildeman and T. Durant (June, 1897) described ''
S. thonneri'' based on material collected by F. Thonner from northern DRC. A few months later K. Schumann (October, 1897) described four new species, ''
S. stipulosum'', ''
S. macranthum
S is the nineteenth letter of the English alphabet.
S may also refer to:
History
* an Anglo-Saxon charter's number in Peter Sawyer's, catalogue
Language and linguistics
* Long s (ſ), a form of the lower-case letter s formerly used where "s ...
'', ''
S. zenkeri'' and ''
S. monophysca''. The last species, ''S. monophysca'' closely resembles ''S. thonerii'' and its description is based on material from Cameroon and Gabon.
The next six new species are a contribution of German taxonomists mainly based on material from Cameroon collected by Ledermann, Mildbraed and Zenker. In 1908 H.Winkler describes ''
S. paxii''. collected by himself in Cameroon. Engler and Krause described two species in 1911, ''
S. pallidinervis'' and ''
S. riparia'' and three in 1913, ''
S. discolor'', ''
S. acuminatum'' and ''
S. bruneo-purpureum''. ''
S. discolor'' is a species from Congo and the other four from Cameroon. That same year Baker f. described two species based on material collected by Talbot from Nigeria, ''
S. parvifolium'' and ''
S. talbotii''.
The first species for West Africa was described by A. Chevalier in 1917 and named ''
S. amoenum''. For the
Mayombe
Mayombe (or Mayumbe) is a geographic area on the western coast of Africa occupied by low mountains extending from the mouth of the Congo River in the south to the Kouilou-Niari River to the north. The area includes parts of the Democratic Repub ...
region (Gabon) two species were described by Pellegrine in 1921, ''
S. letestui'' and ''
S. ngounyense''. The first species was made synonym by Halle in 1961 as a variety within S. blackii, ''
S. blackii var. letestui
S is the nineteenth letter of the English alphabet.
S may also refer to:
History
* an Anglo-Saxon charter's number in Peter Sawyer's, catalogue
Language and linguistics
* Long s (ſ), a form of the lower-case letter s formerly used where "s ...
''. In the same publication N. Halle splits off another variety ''
S. thonneri var. klainei''. Both varieties were described without a prologue in Latin and subsequently invalid. In the same year R. Germain describes a new species ''
S. vanderijstii'' and a new variety ''
S. dewevrei var. suborophila'' both for DRC. The most recent species is described from Equatorial Guinea, ''
S. obiangianum'' by M.E. Leal
[Leal, M.E. (2007) A new endemic Scaphopetalum (Malvaceae) from Mount Mitra, Equatorial Guinea, ''Blumea'' 52 : 137-138.] in 2007.
Species
*''
Scaphopetalum accuminatum''
Engl. & Krause (1913)
*''
Scaphopetalum amoeum''
A.Chev.
Auguste Jean Baptiste Chevalier (June 1873, in Domfront – June 1956, in Paris) was a French botanist, taxonomist, and explorer of tropical Africa, especially of French colonial empire in Africa that included Côte d'Ivoire. He also explored an ...
(1917)
*''
Scaphopetalum blackii''
Mast. (1869)
*''Scaphopetalum blackii var. letestui''
(Pellegr.) N.Halle (1961) invalid
*''
Scaphopetalum bruneopurpureum''
Engl.& Krause (1913)
*''
Scaphopetalum dewevrei''
Dewild.& Th.Dur. (1900)
*''
Scaphopetalum discolor''
Engl.& Krause (1913)
*''
Scaphopetalum letestui''
Pellegr. (1921) synoniem
*''
Scaphopetalum longepedunculatum''
Mast. (1869)
*''
Scaphopetalum macranthum''
K.Schum. (1900)
*''
Scaphopetalum mannii''
Mast.] (1869)
*''
Scaphopetalum monophysca
''Scaphopetalum'' is a genus previously classified under the plant family Sterculiaceae. Currently, under the APG IV system the genus is placed under the subfamily Byttnerioideae of the family Malvaceae sensu lato. The distribution of the genus i ...
''
K.Schum. (1900) synoniem
*''
Scaphopetalum ngouyense
''Scaphopetalum'' is a genus previously classified under the plant family Sterculiaceae. Currently, under the APG IV system the genus is placed under the subfamily Byttnerioideae of the family Malvaceae sensu lato. The distribution of the genus i ...
''
Pellegr. (1921)
*''
Scaphopetalum obiangianum
''Scaphopetalum'' is a genus previously classified under the plant family Sterculiaceae. Currently, under the APG IV system the genus is placed under the subfamily Byttnerioideae of the family Malvaceae sensu lato. The distribution of the genus i ...
''
M.E.Leal (2007)
*''
Scaphopetalum pallidinervis
''Scaphopetalum'' is a genus previously classified under the plant family Sterculiaceae. Currently, under the APG IV system the genus is placed under the subfamily Byttnerioideae of the family Malvaceae sensu lato. The distribution of the genus i ...
''
Engl.& Krause (1911)
*''
Scaphopetalum parvifolium
''Scaphopetalum parvifolium'' is a species of plant in the family Malvaceae. It is endemic to Nigeria. It is threatened by habitat loss
Habitat destruction (also termed habitat loss or habitat reduction) occurs when a natural habitat is no ...
''
Baker
A baker is a tradesperson who baking, bakes and sometimes Sales, sells breads and other products made of flour by using an oven or other concentrated heat source. The place where a baker works is called a bakery.
History
Ancient histo ...
f. (1913)
*''
Scaphopetalum paxii
''Scaphopetalum'' is a genus previously classified under the plant family Sterculiaceae. Currently, under the APG IV system the genus is placed under the subfamily Byttnerioideae of the family Malvaceae sensu lato. The distribution of the genus i ...
''
H.Winkl. (1908)
*''
Scaphopetalum riparia
''Scaphopetalum'' is a genus previously classified under the plant family Sterculiaceae. Currently, under the APG IV system the genus is placed under the subfamily Byttnerioideae of the family Malvaceae sensu lato. The distribution of the genus i ...
''
Engl.& Krause (1911)
*''Scaphopetalum staudtii'' K. Schum. nomen nudus synomiem of ''
Cola marsupium
Cola is a carbonated soft drink flavored with vanilla, cinnamon, citrus oils, and other flavorings. Cola became popular worldwide after the American pharmacist John Stith Pemberton invented Coca-Cola, a trademarked brand, in 1886, which was imit ...
'' K.Schum.
*''
Scaphopetalum stipulosum
''Scaphopetalum'' is a genus previously classified under the plant family Sterculiaceae. Currently, under the APG IV system the genus is placed under the subfamily Byttnerioideae of the family Malvaceae sensu lato. The distribution of the genus i ...
''
K.Schum. (1900)
*''
Scaphopetalum talbotii
''Scaphopetalum'' is a genus previously classified under the plant family Sterculiaceae. Currently, under the APG IV system the genus is placed under the subfamily Byttnerioideae of the family Malvaceae sensu lato. The distribution of the genus i ...
''
Bak.f. (1913)
*''
Scaphopetalum thonneri''
Dewild.& Th.Dur. (1897)
*''
Scaphopetalum thonneri var. klainei''
Pierre ex N.Halle
Pierre is a masculine given name. It is a French form of the name Peter. Pierre originally meant "rock" or "stone" in French (derived from the Greek word πέτρος (''petros'') meaning "stone, rock", via Latin "petra"). It is a translatio ...
(1961) invalid
*''
Scaphopetalum vanderystii''
R.Germain (1961)
*''
Scaphopetalum dewevrei var. suborophylla
''Scaphopetalum'' is a genus previously classified under the plant family Sterculiaceae. Currently, under the APG IV system the genus is placed under the subfamily Byttnerioideae of the family Malvaceae sensu lato. The distribution of the genus i ...
''
R.Germain (1961)
*''
Scaphopetalum zenkeri''
K.Schum. (1900)
References
Bibliography
*Chevalier A. (1920) Explorations Botaniques de Afrique Occidental Francais i: 85
*De Wildeman & T. Durand (1897) Bulletin Societe Royal Botanique Belgique xxxix. 97
*Engler & K. Krause (1912) Botanisch Jahrbucher (sys) xlviii: 553
{{Taxonbar, from=Q7430163
Malvaceae genera
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot