''Scaphella'' is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial n ...

of large sea snails,

marine Marine is an adjective meaning of or pertaining to the sea or ocean. Marine or marines may refer to: Ocean * Maritime (disambiguation) * Marine art * Marine biology * Marine debris * Marine habitats * Marine life * Marine pollution Military * ...

gastropod

mollusk Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized. The number of fossil species is es ...

s in the family

Volutidae ''Volutidae'', common name volutes, are a taxonomic family of predatory sea snails that range in size from 9 mm to over 500 mm. They are marine gastropod mollusks. Most of the species have no operculum. Distribution This family of sea snai ...

, the volutes.Bail, P. (2012). Scaphella. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=382285 on 2012-07-09

Distribution

This is a tropical genus occurring in the Western

Atlantic Ocean The Atlantic Ocean is the second-largest of the world's five oceans, with an area of about . It covers approximately 20% of Earth#Surface, Earth's surface and about 29% of its water surface area. It is known to separate the "Old World" of Afr ...

and the

Caribbean Sea The Caribbean Sea ( es, Mar Caribe; french: Mer des Caraïbes; ht, Lanmè Karayib; jam, Kiaribiyan Sii; nl, Caraïbische Zee; pap, Laman Karibe) is a sea of the Atlantic Ocean in the tropics of the Western Hemisphere. It is bounded by Mexico ...

Description

There are both living and fossil species in this genus, which first appeared in the

Paleocene The Paleocene, ( ) or Palaeocene, is a geological epoch that lasted from about 66 to 56 million years ago (mya). It is the first epoch of the Paleogene Period in the modern Cenozoic Era. The name is a combination of the Ancient Greek ''pal ...

. The fusiform, patterned shell is small to large. The

protoconch A protoconch (meaning first or earliest or original shell) is an embryonic or larval shell which occurs in some classes of molluscs, e.g., the initial chamber of an ammonite or the larval shell of a gastropod. In older texts it is also calle ...

is smooth and papilliform, often with a calcarella. The columellar plates are weak or absent. The

periostracum The periostracum ( ) is a thin, organic coating (or "skin") that is the outermost layer of the shell of many shelled animals, including molluscs and brachiopods. Among molluscs, it is primarily seen in snails and clams, i.e. in gastropods a ...

is present, but an operculum is not. The

radula The radula (, ; plural radulae or radulas) is an anatomical structure used by molluscs for feeding, sometimes compared to a tongue. It is a minutely toothed, chitinous ribbon, which is typically used for scraping or cutting food before the food ...

is small, and variable from Y-shaped to tricuspid.

Species

Species within the genus ''Scaphella'' include:"searching for ''Scaphella''"
Malacolog Version 4.1.1. A Database of Western Atlantic Marine Mollusca. Accessed 18 February 2010. * ''

Scaphella atlantis ''Scaphella atlantis'', commonly known as the Atlantis volute is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Volutidae ''Volutidae'', common name volutes, are a taxonomic family of predatory sea snails that range in si ...

'' Clench, 1946 * † '' Scaphella baudoni'' (Deshayes, 1865) * '' Scaphella biminiensis'' Oleinik, Petuch & Aley IV, 2012 * ''

Scaphella contoyensis ''Scaphella contoyensis'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Volutidae ''Volutidae'', common name volutes, are a taxonomic family of predatory sea snails that range in size from 9 mm to over 500 mm. They are ...

'' Emerson & Old, 1979 * '' Scaphella dohrni'' (G.B. Sowerby III, 1903) * '' Scaphella dubia'' (Broderip, 1827) - Dubious Volute * '' Scaphella evelina'' F. M. Bayer, 1971 * ''

Scaphella garciai ''Scaphella garciai'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Volutidae ''Volutidae'', common name volutes, are a taxonomic family of predatory sea snails that range in size from 9 mm to over 500 mm. They are ma ...

'' Bail, 2007 * '' Scaphella gaudiati'' Bail & Shelton, 2001 * '' Scaphella gouldiana'' (Dall, 1887) * ''

Scaphella junonia ''Scaphella junonia'', common names the junonia, or Juno's volute, is a species of large sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Volutidae, the volutes. This species lives in water from 29 m to 126 m depth in the tropical Wester ...

'' (Lamarck, 1804) - type species * † '' Scaphella kendrae'' Petuch & Berschauer, 2021 * ''

Scaphella luizcoutoi ''Scaphella luizcoutoi'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Volutidae ''Volutidae'', common name volutes, are a taxonomic family of predatory sea snails that range in size from 9 mm to over 500 mm. They are ...

'' Coltro, 1998 * ''

Scaphella macginnorum ''Scaphella macginnorum'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Volutidae ''Volutidae'', common name volutes, are a taxonomic family of predatory sea snails that range in size from 9 mm to over 500 mm. They are ...

'' García & Emerson, 1987 * † '' Scaphella macrocephala'' Finlay, 1927 * † '' Scaphella martinshugari'' Petuch, 1994 * '' Scaphella matchetti'' Petuch & Sargent, 2011 * ''

Scaphella neptunia ''Scaphella neptunia'', commonly known as the Neptune volute is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Volutidae ''Volutidae'', common name volutes, are a taxonomic family of predatory sea snails that range in siz ...

'' (Clench & Aguayo, 1940) * ''

Scaphella robusta ''Scaphella robusta'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Volutidae ''Volutidae'', common name volutes, are a taxonomic family of predatory sea snails that range in size from 9 mm to over 500 mm. They are ma ...

'' Dall, 1889 * ''

Scaphella stimpsonorum ''Scaphella'' is a genus of large sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Volutidae, the volutes.Bail, P. (2012). Scaphella. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id ...

'' T. Cossignani & Allary, 2019 ;Species brought into synonymy: * ''Scaphella benthalis'' Dall, 1896: synonym of ''

Arctomelon benthale ''Arctomelon benthale'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Volutidae ''Volutidae'', common name volutes, are a taxonomic family of predatory sea snails that range in size from 9 mm to over 500 mm. They are ...

'' (Dall, 1896) * ''Scaphella butleri'' Clench, 1953: synonym of ''Scaphella junonia butleri'' Clench, 1953 * ''Scaphella carlae'' Landau & C. M. Silva, 2006 †: synonym of '' Euroscaphella carlae'' (Landau & C. M. Silva, 2006) † * ''Scaphella caroli'' Iredale, 1924: synonym of ''

Amoria maculata ''Amoria maculata'', common name Carol's volute, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Volutidae, the volutes. Description The shell is smooth and glossy, with a whorled, straight sided spire. The body whorl is sm ...

'' (Swainson, 1822) * ''Scaphella cognata'' Finlay, 1926 †: synonym of '' Teremelon cognata'' (Finlay, 1926) † * ''Scaphella dannevigi'' Verco, 1912: synonym of ''

Livonia nodiplicata ''Livonia nodiplicata'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family (biology), family Volutidae, the volutes. Description Distribution References

Volutidae Gastropods described in 1910 {{Volutidae-stub ...

'' (Cox, 1910) * ''Scaphella elegantissima'' Suter, 1917 †: synonym of '' Teremelon elegantissima'' (Suter, 1917) † (original combination) * ''Scaphella florida'' (Clench & Aguayo, 1940): synonym of ''Scaphella dohrni'' (G. B. Sowerby III, 1903) * ''Scaphella hedleyi'' Iredale, 1914: synonym of ''Amoria (Amoria) damoni'' Gray, 1864 represented as '' Amoria damoni'' Gray, 1864 * ''Scaphella honi'' Glibert, 1938 †: synonym of '' Euroscaphella honi'' (Glibert, 1938) † * ''Scaphella johnstoneae'' Clench, 1953: synonym of ''Scaphella junonia'' (Lamarck, 1804) * ''Scaphella lamberti'' (J. Sowerby, 1816) †: synonym of '' Euroscaphella lamberti'' (J. Sowerby, 1816) † * ''Scaphella lautenschlageri'' Volobueva, 1981 †: synonym of ''

Arctomelon lautenschlageri ''Arctomelon'' is a genus of sea snails, marine (ocean), marine gastropod mollusks in the family (biology), family Volutidae. Species Species within the genus ''Arctomelon'' include: * ''Arctomelon benthale'' (Dall, 1896) * ''Arctomelon boreal ...

'' (Volobueva, 1981) † (original combination) * ''Scaphella marionae'' (Pilsbry & Olsson, 1953): synonym of ''Scaphella robusta marionae'' (Pilsbry & Olsson, 1953) * ''Scaphella moslemica'' Hedley, 1912: synonym of '' Amoria undulata'' (Lamarck, 1804) * ''Scaphella papillaris'' Swainson, 1840: synonym of ''

Ericusa papillosa ''Ericusa papillosa'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Volutidae ''Volutidae'', common name volutes, are a taxonomic family of predatory sea snails that range in size from 9 mm to over 500 mm. They are ...

'' (Swainson, 1822) * ''Scaphella pretiosa'' Finlay, 1926 †: synonym of '' Teremelon pretiosa'' (Finlay, 1926) † * ''Scaphella tumidior'' Finlay, 1926 †: synonym of '' Teremelon tumidior'' (Finlay, 1926) † * ''Scaphella veliocassina'' Pacaud & Meyer, 2014 †: synonym of '' Euroscaphella veliocassina'' (Pacaud & Meyer, 2014) † * ''Scaphella victoriensis'' Cossmann, 1899 †: synonym of ''

Notopeplum politum ''Notopeplum'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or ...

'' (Tate, 1889) † (unnecessary replacement name for ''Voluta polita'' Tate, 1889, erroneously stated by Cossmann to be a junior homonym of "Voluta polita" Conrad) * ''Scaphella vignyensis'' Chavan, 1949 †: synonym of '' Euroscaphella vignyensis'' (Chavan, 1949) † * ''Scaphella volvestrensis'' Villatte, 1962 †: synonym of '' Euroscaphella volvestrensis'' (Villatte, 1962) † * ''Scaphella worki'' Coltro J., 1998: synonym of ''

Scaphella robusta marionae ''Scaphella robusta marionae'' is a subspecies of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Volutidae ''Volutidae'', common name volutes, are a taxonomic family of predatory sea snails that range in size from 9 mm to over 500 mm. T ...

'' (Pilsbry & Olsson, 1953)

References

* Bail, P & Poppe, G. T. 2001. ''A conchological iconography: a taxonomic introduction of the recent Volutidae''. Hackenheim-Conchbook, 30 pp, 5 pl. * Petuch E.J. & Sargent D.M. (2011) Rare and unusual shells of the Florida Keys and adjacent areas. Wellington, Florida: MdM Publishing. 158 pp.

External links

Swainson W. (1829-1833). Zoological Illustrations, or original figures and descriptions of new, rare, or interesting animals, selected chiefly from the classes of ornithology, entomology, and conchology, and arranged according to their apparent affinities. Second series. London: Baldwin & Cradock. (Vol. 1-3): pl. 1-30

Dall, W. H. (1906). Note on some names in the Volutidae. The Nautilus. 19(12): 143-144

Pilsbry, H. A. & Olsson, A. A. (1953). Materials for a revision of East Coast and Floridan Volutes. The Nautilus. 67 (1): 1-13.

Adams, H. & Adams, A. (1853-1858). The genera of Recent Mollusca; arranged according to their organization. London, van Voorst. Vol. 1: xl + 484 pp.; vol. 2: 661 pp.; vol. 3: 138 pls

Dall, W. H. (1906). Note on some names in the Volutidae. The Nautilus. 19(12): 143-144
{{Taxonbar, from=Q3142682 Volutidae Extant Paleocene first appearances