Scandium-45
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Naturally occurring
scandium Scandium is a chemical element; it has Symbol (chemistry), symbol Sc and atomic number 21. It is a silvery-white metallic d-block, d-block element. Historically, it has been classified as a rare-earth element, together with yttrium and the lantha ...
(21Sc) is composed of one stable
isotope Isotopes are distinct nuclear species (or ''nuclides'') of the same chemical element. They have the same atomic number (number of protons in their Atomic nucleus, nuclei) and position in the periodic table (and hence belong to the same chemica ...
, 45Sc. Twenty-seven
radioisotope A radionuclide (radioactive nuclide, radioisotope or radioactive isotope) is a nuclide that has excess numbers of either neutrons or protons, giving it excess nuclear energy, and making it unstable. This excess energy can be used in one of three ...
s have been characterized, with the most stable being 46Sc with a
half-life Half-life is a mathematical and scientific description of exponential or gradual decay. Half-life, half life or halflife may also refer to: Film * Half-Life (film), ''Half-Life'' (film), a 2008 independent film by Jennifer Phang * ''Half Life: ...
of 83.8 days, 47Sc with a half-life of 3.35 days, and 48Sc with a half-life of 43.7 hours and 44Sc with a half-life of 3.97 hours. All the remaining isotopes have half-lives that are less than four hours, and the majority of these have half-lives that are less than two minutes, the least stable being proton unbound 39Sc with a half-life shorter than 300 nanoseconds. This element also has 13
meta state A nuclear isomer is a metastable state of an atomic nucleus, in which one or more nucleons (protons or neutrons) occupy excited state levels (higher energy levels). "Metastable" describes nuclei whose excited states have half-lives of 10−9 s ...
s with the most stable being 44m3Sc (t1/2 58.6 h). The isotopes of scandium range from 37Sc to 62Sc. The primary
decay mode Radioactive decay (also known as nuclear decay, radioactivity, radioactive disintegration, or nuclear disintegration) is the process by which an unstable atomic nucleus loses energy by radiation. A material containing unstable nuclei is conside ...
at masses lower than the only stable isotope, 45Sc, is beta-plus or
electron capture Electron capture (K-electron capture, also K-capture, or L-electron capture, L-capture) is a process in which the proton-rich nucleus of an electrically neutral atom absorbs an inner atomic electron, usually from the K or L electron shells. Th ...
, and the primary mode at masses above it is beta-minus. The primary
decay product In nuclear physics, a decay product (also known as a daughter product, daughter isotope, radio-daughter, or daughter nuclide) is the remaining nuclide left over from radioactive decay. Radioactive decay often proceeds via a sequence of steps ( d ...
s at atomic weights below 45Sc are calcium isotopes and the primary products from higher atomic weights are
titanium isotopes Naturally occurring titanium (22Ti) is composed of five stable isotopes; 46Ti, 47Ti, 48Ti, 49Ti and 50Ti with 48Ti being the most abundant (73.8% natural abundance). Twenty-one radioisotopes have been characterized, with the most stable being 44Ti ...
.


List of isotopes

, -id=Scandium-37 , 37Sc , style="text-align:right" , 21 , style="text-align:right" , 16 , 37.00376(44) , , p , 36Ca , , , -id=Scandium-38 , 38Sc , style="text-align:right" , 21 , style="text-align:right" , 17 , 37.995002(15) , , p , 37Ca , , , -id=Scandium-39 , 39Sc , style="text-align:right" , 21 , style="text-align:right" , 18 , 38.984785(26) , , p , 38Ca , 7/2−# , , -id=Scandium-40 , rowspan=3, 40Sc , rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" , 21 , rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" , 19 , rowspan=3, 39.9779673(30) , rowspan=3, 182.3(7) ms , β+ (99.54%) , 40Ca , rowspan=3, 4− , rowspan=3, , - , β+, p (0.44%) , 39K , - , β+, α (0.017%) , 36Ar , -id=Scandium-41 , 41Sc , style="text-align:right" , 21 , style="text-align:right" , 20 , 40.969251163(83) , 596.3(17) ms , β+ , 41Ca , 7/2− , , -id=Scandium-42 , 42Sc , style="text-align:right" , 21 , style="text-align:right" , 21 , 41.96551669(17) , 680.72(26) ms , β+ , 42Ca , 0+ , , -id=Scandium-42m , style="text-indent:1em" , 42mSc , colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 616.81(6) keV , 61.7(4) s , β+ , 42Ca , 7+ , , -id=Scandium-43 , 43Sc , style="text-align:right" , 21 , style="text-align:right" , 22 , 42.9611504(20) , 3.891(12) h , β+ , 43Ca , 7/2− , , -id=Scandium-43m1 , style="text-indent:1em" , 43m1Sc , colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 151.79(8) keV , 438(5) μs , IT , 43Sc , 3/2+ , , -id=Scandium-43m2 , style="text-indent:1em" , 43m2Sc , colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 3123.73(15) keV , 472(3) ns , IT , 43Sc , 19/2− , , -id=Scandium-44 , 44Sc , style="text-align:right" , 21 , style="text-align:right" , 23 , 43.9594028(19) , 4.0421(25) h , β+ , 44Ca , 2+ , , -id=Scandium-44m1 , style="text-indent:1em" , 44m1Sc , colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 67.8679(14) keV , 154.8(8) ns , IT , 44Sc , 1− , , -id=Scandium-44m2 , style="text-indent:1em" , 44m2Sc , colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 146.1914(20) keV , 51.0(3) μs , IT , 44Sc , 0− , , -id=Scandium-44m3 , rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" , 44m3Sc , rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 271.240(10) keV , rowspan=2, 58.61(10) h , IT (98.80%) , 44Sc , rowspan=2, 6+ , rowspan=2, , - , β+ (1.20%) , 44Ca , -id=Scandium-45 , 45Sc , style="text-align:right" , 21 , style="text-align:right" , 24 , 44.95590705(71) , colspan=3 align=center, Stable , 7/2− , 1.0000 , -id=Scandium-45m , style="text-indent:1em" , 45mSc , colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 12.40(5) keV , 318(7) ms , IT , 45Sc , 3/2+ , , -id=Scandium-46 , 46Sc , style="text-align:right" , 21 , style="text-align:right" , 25 , 45.95516703(72) , 83.757(14) d , β− , 46Ti , 4+ , , -id=Scandium-46m1 , style="text-indent:1em" , 46m1Sc , colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 52.011(1) keV , 9.4(8) μs , IT , 46Sc , 6+ , , -id=Scandium-46m2 , style="text-indent:1em" , 46m2Sc , colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 142.528(7) keV , 18.75(4) s , IT , 46Sc , 1− , , -id=Scandium-47 , 47Sc , style="text-align:right" , 21 , style="text-align:right" , 26 , 46.9524024(21) , 3.3492(6) d , β− , 47Ti , 7/2− , , -id=Scandium-47m , style="text-indent:1em" , 47mSc , colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 766.83(9) keV , 272(8) ns , IT , 47Sc , (3/2)+ , , -id=Scandium-48 , 48Sc , style="text-align:right" , 21 , style="text-align:right" , 27 , 47.9522229(53) , 43.67(9) h , β− , 48Ti , 6+ , , -id=Scandium-49 , 49Sc , style="text-align:right" , 21 , style="text-align:right" , 28 , 48.9500132(24) , 57.18(13) min , β− , 49Ti , 7/2− , , -id=Scandium-50 , 50Sc , style="text-align:right" , 21 , style="text-align:right" , 29 , 49.9521874(27) , 102.5(5) s , β− , 50Ti , 5+ , , -id=Scandium-50m , rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" , 50mSc , rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 256.895(10) keV , rowspan=2, 350(40) ms , IT (>99%) , 50Sc , rowspan=2, 2+ , rowspan=2, , - , β− (<1%) , 50Ti , -id=Scandium-51 , rowspan=2, 51Sc , rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" , 21 , rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" , 30 , rowspan=2, 50.9535688(27) , rowspan=2, 12.4(1) s , β− , 51Ti , rowspan=2, (7/2)− , rowspan=2, , - , β−, n? , 50Ti , -id=Scandium-52 , rowspan=2, 52Sc , rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" , 21 , rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" , 31 , rowspan=2, 51.9564962(33) , rowspan=2, 8.2(2) s , β− , 52Ti , rowspan=2, 3(+) , rowspan=2, , - , β−, n? , 51Ti , -id=Scandium-53 , rowspan=2, 53Sc , rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" , 21 , rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" , 32 , rowspan=2, 52.958379(19) , rowspan=2, 2.4(6) s , β− , 53Ti , rowspan=2, (7/2−) , rowspan=2, , - , β−, n? , 52Ti , -id=Scandium-54 , rowspan=2, 54Sc , rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" , 21 , rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" , 33 , rowspan=2, 53.963029(15) , rowspan=2, 526(15) ms , β− (84%) , 54Ti , rowspan=2, (3)+ , rowspan=2, , - , β−, n (16%) , 53Ti , -id=Scandium-54m , style="text-indent:1em" , 54mSc , colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 110.5(3) keV , 2.77(2) μs , IT , 54Sc , (5+,4+) , , -id=Scandium-55 , rowspan=3, 55Sc , rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" , 21 , rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" , 34 , rowspan=3, 54.966890(67) , rowspan=3, 96(2) ms , β− (83%) , 55Ti , rowspan=3, (7/2)− , rowspan=3, , - , β−, n (17%) , 54Ti , - , β−, 2n? , 53Ti , -id=Scandium-56 , rowspan=3, 56Sc , rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" , 21 , rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" , 35 , rowspan=3, 55.97261(28) , rowspan=3, 26(6) ms , β− , 56Ti , rowspan=3, (1+) , rowspan=3, , - , β−, n? , 55Ti , - , β−, 2n? , 54Ti , -id=Scandium-56m1 , rowspan=3 style="text-indent:1em" , 56m1ScOrder of ground state and isomer is uncertain. , rowspan=3 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 0(100)# keV , rowspan=3, 75(6) ms , β− (<88%) , 56Ti , rowspan=3, (6+,5+) , rowspan=3, , - , β−, n (>12%) , 55Ti , - , β−, 2n? , 54Ti , -id=Scandium-56m2 , style="text-indent:1em" , 56m2Sc , colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 775.0(1) keV , 290(17) ns , IT , 56Sc , (4+) , , -id=Scandium-57 , rowspan=3, 57Sc , rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" , 21 , rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" , 36 , rowspan=3, 56.97705(19) , rowspan=3, 22(2) ms , β− , 57Ti , rowspan=3, 7/2−# , rowspan=3, , - , β−, n? , 56Ti , - , β−, 2n? , 55Ti , -id=Scandium-58 , rowspan=3, 58Sc , rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" , 21 , rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" , 37 , rowspan=3, 57.98338(20) , rowspan=3, 12(5) ms , β− , 58Ti , rowspan=3, 3+# , rowspan=3, , - , β−, n? , 57Ti , - , β−, 2n? , 56Ti , -id=Scandium-58m , style="text-indent:1em" , 58mSc , colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 1420.7(22) keV , 0.60(13) μs , IT , 58Sc , , , -id=Scandium-59 , rowspan=3, 59Sc , rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" , 21 , rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" , 38 , rowspan=3, 58.98837(27) , rowspan=3, 12# ms
620 ns, β−? , 59Ti , rowspan=3, 7/2−# , rowspan=3, , - , β−, n? , 58Ti , - , β−, 2n? , 57Ti , -id=Scandium-60 , rowspan=3, 60Sc , rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" , 21 , rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" , 39 , rowspan=3, 59.99512(54)# , rowspan=3, 10# ms
620 ns, β−? , 60Ti , rowspan=3, 3+# , rowspan=3, , - , β−, n? , 59Ti , - , β−, 2n? , 58Ti , -id=Scandium-61 , rowspan=3, 61Sc , rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" , 21 , rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" , 40 , rowspan=3, 61.00054(64)# , rowspan=3, 7# ms
620 ns, β−? , 61Ti , rowspan=3, 7/2-# , rowspan=3, , - , β−, n? , 60Ti , - , β−, 2n? , 59Ti , -id=Scandium-62 , rowspan=3, 62Sc , rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" , 21 , rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" , 41 , rowspan=3, 62.00785(64)# , rowspan=3, 2# ms
400 ns, β−? , 62Ti , rowspan=3, , rowspan=3, , - , β−, n? , 61Ti , - , β−, 2n? , 60Ti


See also

Daughter products other than scandium *
Isotopes of titanium Naturally occurring titanium (22Ti) is composed of five stable isotopes; 46Ti, 47Ti, 48Ti, 49Ti and 50Ti with 48Ti being the most abundant (73.8% natural abundance). Twenty-one radioisotopes have been characterized, with the most stable being 44T ...
*
Isotopes of calcium Calcium (Ca) has 26 known isotopes, ranging from Ca to Ca. There are five stable isotopes (Ca, Ca, Ca, Ca and Ca), plus one isotope ( Ca) with such a long half-life that it is for all practical purposes stable. The most abundant isotope, Ca, as ...
*
Isotopes of potassium Potassium () has 25 known isotopes from to as well as , as well as an unconfirmed report of . Three of those isotopes occur naturally: the two stable forms (93.3%) and (6.7%), and a very long-lived radioisotope (0.012%) Naturally occurring ...
*
Isotopes of argon Argon (Ar) has 26 known isotopes, from Ar to Ar, of which three are stable (Ar, Ar, and Ar). On Earth, Ar makes up 99.6% of natural argon. The longest-lived radioactive isotopes are Ar with a half-life of 268 years, Ar with a half-life of 32.9 ye ...


References

* * Isotope masses from: ** * Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from the following sources. ** ** ** {{Navbox element isotopes Scandium
Scandium Scandium is a chemical element; it has Symbol (chemistry), symbol Sc and atomic number 21. It is a silvery-white metallic d-block, d-block element. Historically, it has been classified as a rare-earth element, together with yttrium and the lantha ...