Scaleby Castle is in the village of

Scaleby Scaleby is a village and civil parish in the English county of Cumbria. It is bounded on the north by Kirklinton and Irthington; whilst to the south lie Stanwix and Crosby-on-Eden. Scaleby is located six miles north-east of the city of Carlis ...

, Cumbria, England. The castle was originally built in the early 14th century, and extended in the 15th century to form a substantial fortification. Parliamentary troops attacked the castle twice during the English Civil War, burning it. It was later restored to form a country house.

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Robert de Tilliol built Scaleby Castle after 1307, next to the village of Scaleby, from

Carlisle Carlisle ( , ; from xcb, Caer Luel) is a city that lies within the Northern England, Northern English county of Cumbria, south of the Anglo-Scottish border, Scottish border at the confluence of the rivers River Eden, Cumbria, Eden, River C ...

. The Tilliols were a well-established family in the region from the reign of Henry I onwards, and Robert was given the land for the castle by

Edward I Edward I (17/18 June 1239 – 7 July 1307), also known as Edward Longshanks and the Hammer of the Scots, was King of England and Lord of Ireland from 1272 to 1307. Concurrently, he ruled the duchies of Aquitaine and Gascony as a vassal o ...

and granted the authority to build a castle by

Edward II Edward II (25 April 1284 – 21 September 1327), also called Edward of Caernarfon, was King of England and Lord of Ireland from 1307 until he was deposed in January 1327. The fourth son of Edward I, Edward became the heir apparent to t ...

. The initial castle comprised two sets of buildings, linked by a small courtyard and protected by a curtain wall on both sides, surrounded by a large, circular, water-filled

moat A moat is a deep, broad ditch, either dry or filled with water, that is dug and surrounds a castle, fortification, building or town, historically to provide it with a preliminary line of defence. In some places moats evolved into more extensive ...

approximately wide, and an inner moat, since largely destroyed. The male Tilliol line died out in 1435; the castle then passed by marriage to the Colville family. They rebuilt much of the castle in the late 15th century, including remodelling the pele tower, the great hall and the gateway, complete with a polygonal

barbican A barbican (from fro, barbacane) is a fortified outpost or fortified gateway, such as at an outer fortifications, defense perimeter of a city or castle, or any tower situated over a gate or bridge which was used for defensive purposes. Europe ...

. The pele tower formed a substantial fortification, about by across, with three floors and thick walls. The Musgrave family acquired the castle and Sir Edward Musgrave rebuilt the south range of the castle in 1596. In 1641, the English Civil War broke out between the Royalist supporters of Charles I and Parliament. Sir Edward's grandson, another Sir Edward Musgrave, was a strong Royalist supporter and declared for the king. In February 1645, Parliamentary forces besieging nearby Carlisle also besieged and eventually seized Scaleby Castle, causing considerable damage; Edward recovered the castle, but in at the start of the Second English Civil War in 1648 he again took up arms on behalf of the king. This time the castle immediately fell to Parliamentary forces, who set fire to it. Sir Edward was heavily in debt so he sold the castle after the war to

Richard Gilpin Richard Gilpin (1625–1700) was an English nonconformist minister and physician, prominent in the northern region. Life The second son of Isaac Gilpin of Strickland Ketel, in the parish of Kendal, Westmorland, and Ann, daughter of Ralph Tons ...

, who restored the property . The property remained in the hand of the Gilpins until it fell into disrepair; it was restored once again by Rowland Fawcett. In 1847 James Fawcett was resident there. Today the castle is a Grade I listed building and a scheduled monument.
Scaleby Castle
', National Monuments Record, accessed 5 April 2012. It is the seat of

Oliver Eden, 8th Baron Henley Oliver Michael Robert Eden, 8th Baron Henley, 6th Baron Northington PC (born 22 November 1953), is a British hereditary peer and politician, who is a Conservative member of the House of Lords. He has served in a number of ministerial positions ...

References

Bibliography

* * * {{cite book , last = Taylor , first = Michael Waistell , authorlink = Michael Waistell Taylor , year = 1892 , title = Old Manorial Halls of Westmorland and Cumberland , edition = , publisher = T. Wilson , location= Kendal, UK , isbn = , url = https://archive.org/details/oldmanorialhall00taylgoog , ref = Castles in Cumbria Scheduled monuments in Cumbria Country houses in Cumbria Grade I listed castles Grade I listed buildings in Cumbria Scaleby

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Bibliography