Sava Bjelanović ( sr-cyr, Сава Бјелановић; 15 October 1850 – 1897) was a
Dalmatian journalist and politician, the leader of the
Serb People's Party in Dalmatia and one of the most prominent
Dalmatian Serbs of the 19th century. As a writer, he represented a classical reaction against decadent romanticism in literature and an anticlerical rationalism in general thought. As a politician he represented Serbs of both Eastern Orthodox and Roman Catholic denominations in the
Diet of Dalmatia
The Diet of Dalmatia (, ) was the regional assembly of the Kingdom of Dalmatia within the Austro-Hungarian Empire. It was founded in Zadar in 1861 and last convened in 1912, before being formally dissolved in 1918, with the demise of the Empire.
...
.
Biography
Bjelanović was born at
Đevrske
Đevrske ( sr-Cyrl, Ђеврске) is a village located in Kistanje municipality, 10 km southwest of Kistanje, in the continental part of Šibenik-Knin County, Croatia
Croatia, officially the Republic of Croatia, is a country in Cent ...
near
Knin
Knin () is a city in the Šibenik-Knin County of Croatia, located in the Dalmatian hinterland near the source of the river Krka (Croatia), Krka, an important traffic junction on the rail and road routes between Zagreb and Split, Croatia, Split. ...
in Dalmatia. He completed his elementary and high school education in Italian in
Zadar
Zadar ( , ), historically known as Zara (from Venetian and Italian, ; see also other names), is the oldest continuously inhabited city in Croatia. It is situated on the Adriatic Sea, at the northwestern part of Ravni Kotari region. Zadar ...
, the then capital of Dalmatia. He became a member of the
United Serbian Youth. He was involved in the literary group ''Prvenac'' in Zadar and as a student, he began to appear in the Novi Sad periodical ''Zastava'' and the
Trieste
Trieste ( , ; ) is a city and seaport in northeastern Italy. It is the capital and largest city of the Regions of Italy#Autonomous regions with special statute, autonomous region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia, as well as of the Province of Trieste, ...
newspaper ''Cittadino''. He later worked with ''Zastava'' as a correspondent.
He studied law at the
University of Vienna
The University of Vienna (, ) is a public university, public research university in Vienna, Austria. Founded by Rudolf IV, Duke of Austria, Duke Rudolph IV in 1365, it is the oldest university in the German-speaking world and among the largest ...
, and returned home in 1880 to open his practice in Zadar. Although trained in law, Bjelanović decided to make a career in literary journalism and politics. He spent the next seventeen years battling injustices and championing human rights among his people.
In 1880 Bjelanović established the newspaper ''Srpski list'' (Serbian News). Later he formed the ''Srpski glas'' newspaper (Serbian Voice) which was seen as a continuation of ''Srpski list'' which was suppressed in 1888.
Both newspapers were very popular and influential. While principal theoreticians of Orthodox clericism, particularly
Nikodim Milaš
Nikodim Milaš ( sr-cyr, Никодим Милаш), born Nikola Milaš, (16 April 1845 – 2 April 1915), was a Serbian Orthodox Church bishop, theologian, university professor and academic. He was a writer, one of the most respected experts on ...
, tried to identify Serbs with Orthodoxy,
Bjelanović, leader of the Serbian National Party of the Littoral, propagated interreligious equality, launching among the popular masses in Dalmatia the slogan ''"Love your brother irrespective of his religion"''.
His editorials were widely read for his fearless attacks on the unwisdom of Austrian policy and the injustices done by the Austrian authorities to all Dalmatian citizens.
Following a split of the
People's Party, Bjelanović founded the
Serb People's Party in Dalmatia.
In 1883, he was elected in the Dalmatian parliament. From 1883 to 1889, he represented the electoral district of
Benkovac
Benkovac () is a town and municipality in the Zadar County, Croatia.
Geography
Benkovac is located where the plain of Ravni Kotari and the karstic plateau of Bukovica, Croatia, Bukovica meet, 20 km from the town of Biograd na Moru and 30&n ...
,
Obrovac and
Kistanje
Kistanje (, sr-Cyrl, Кистање) is a village and municipality in Šibenik-Knin County, Croatia. It is located in Bukovica, a region of the Dalmatian Hinterland.
Geography
Kistanje is located in the microregion of Bukovica, in the Dal ...
in the curia of foreign municipalities in the Dalmatian Parliament, and from 1889 to 1895, the electoral district of
Drniš
Drniš is a town in the Šibenik-Knin County, Croatia. Located in the Dalmatian Hinterland, it is about halfway between Šibenik and Knin.
History
The name Drniš was mentioned for the first time in a contract dated March 8, 1494. However, the ...
,
Knin
Knin () is a city in the Šibenik-Knin County of Croatia, located in the Dalmatian hinterland near the source of the river Krka (Croatia), Krka, an important traffic junction on the rail and road routes between Zagreb and Split, Croatia, Split. ...
and Vrliku in the curia of chambers of commerce and crafts.
The greatest success of his political party was the 1890 election in Dubrovnik, where his party won a decisive victory.
Initially an advocate of
Serbian nationalism
Serbian nationalism asserts that Serbs are a nation and promotes the cultural and political unity of Serbs. It is an ethnic nationalism, originally arising in the context of the general rise of nationalism in the Balkans under Ottoman rule, ...
in his youth, Bjelanović gradually became closer to Croatian politicians in Dalmatia, leading to the Zadar compromise between Croatian and Serbian politicians in 1888. He evolved towards
Yugoslavism
Yugoslavism, Yugoslavdom, or Yugoslav nationalism is an ideology supporting the notion that the South Slavs, namely the Bosniaks, Bulgarians, Croats, Macedonians (ethnic group), Macedonians, Montenegrins, Serbs and Slovenes belong to a single ...
and came to represent the left-wing branch of his party.
Overall, he was influential in awakening and spreading Serbian national consciousness in Dalmatia.
He was one of the co-founders of the Dalmatian Lazarica Serbian Orthodox Church and headed regularly its
Vidovdan
Vidovdan (, ) is a Serbian national and religious holiday, a ''slava'' (feast day) celebrated on 28 June (Gregorian calendar), or 15 June according to the Julian calendar. The Serbian Church designates it as the memorial day to ''Saint Prince ...
(Saint Vitus's Day) councils. He died in the city where he spent most of his life—Zadar—in 1897. He was buried in his birth village of
Đevrske
Đevrske ( sr-Cyrl, Ђеврске) is a village located in Kistanje municipality, 10 km southwest of Kistanje, in the continental part of Šibenik-Knin County, Croatia
Croatia, officially the Republic of Croatia, is a country in Cent ...
near Knin.
Bjelanović was a contemporary of well-known Dalmatian politicians, members of the Serb-Italian
Autonomist Party
The Autonomist Party (; ) was an Italian-Dalmatianist political party in the Dalmatian political scene, that existed for around 70 years of the 19th century and until World War I. Its goal was to maintain the autonomy of the Kingdom of Dalmati ...
coalition, and writers such as
Đorđe Vojnović
Đorđe Jovanov Vojnović (26 September 1833–11 September 1895) was a Serbian politician.
Biography
Vojnović was born in the noble House of Vojnović from Herceg Novi, as the son of Jovan Đorđev Vojnović and Katarina Gojković.
He was, ...
,
Konstantin Vojnović
Konstantin "Kosta" Vojnović ( sr-Cyrl, Константин Војновић; ; March 2, 1832 – May 20, 1903) was a Croatian Serb politician, university professor, and rector in the kingdoms of Kingdom of Dalmatia, Dalmatia and Kingdom of Croa ...
, Dušan Baljak, Luigi Lapenna,
Antonio Bajamonti
Antonio Bajamonti (19February 182213January 1891) was an Austrian and Dalmatian Italian politician and longtime mayor of Split. He is remembered as one of the most successful mayors of the city, occupying the post almost continuously for twenty ...
,
Roberto Ghiglianovich,
Francesco Ghetaldi-Gondola, Niccolò Trigari, Luigi Ziliotto, and
Marko Car, his biographer.
Literary work
He is best known for ''Kroz Slavenske Zemlje'' (Through the Slavic Lands), published in
Zadar
Zadar ( , ), historically known as Zara (from Venetian and Italian, ; see also other names), is the oldest continuously inhabited city in Croatia. It is situated on the Adriatic Sea, at the northwestern part of Ravni Kotari region. Zadar ...
in 1897.
In that book he writes about the time he rode in a railway carriage full of Hungarians, wondering why his fellow traveller, who has just been proclaiming Russia the enemy of civilization, is so unwilling to admit he is ethnically a German.
References
Sources
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External links
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Bjelanovic, Sava
1850 births
1897 deaths
People from Kistanje
People from the Kingdom of Dalmatia
Serbs of Croatia
Members of the Serbian Orthodox Church
Serb People's Party (Dalmatia) politicians
Journalists from Austria-Hungary
Serbian newspaper people
Serbian writers
Serbian politicians
University of Vienna alumni