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Saurichthyiformes is an
/ref> **** †''Saurichthys curionii'' (Bellotti 1857) **** †''Saurichthys daubreei'' Firtion 1934 **** †''Saurichthys dawaziensis'' Wu et al. 2009 **** †''Saurichthys dianneae'' Maxwell et al. 2016 **** †''Saurichthys dongusensis'' Minich 1992 **** †''Saurichthys eximius'' Minikh 1982 **** †''Saurichthys gigas'' (Woodward 1890), non von Quenstedt 1858 **** †''Saurichthys gracilis'' (Woodward 1890) **** †''Saurichthys grignae'' Tintori 2013 **** †''Saurichthys gypsophilus'' Reis 1892 **** †''Saurichthys hamiltoni'' Stensiö 1925 **** †''Saurichthys hoffmanni'' Werneburg et al. 2014 **** †''Saurichthys huanshenensis'' Chou & Liu 1957 **** †''Saurichthys irregularis'' Oertle 1928 **** †''Saurichthys latifrons'' Eck 1865 **** †''Saurichthys lepidosteoides'' Frech 1903 **** †''Saurichthys macrocephalus'' (Deecke 1889) **** †''Saurichthys majiashanensis'' Tintori et al. 2014 **** †''Saurichthys minimahleri'' Werneburg et al. 2014 **** †''Saurichthys nepalensis'' Beltan & Janvier 1978 **** †''Saurichthys obrutchevi'' Minich 1981 **** †''Saurichthys orientalis'' Sytchevskaya 1999 **** †''Saurichthys parvidens'' Wade 1935 **** †''Saurichthys piveteaui'' Beltan 1968 **** †''Saurichthys proximus'' Minich 1981 **** †''Saurichthys rieppeli'' Maxwell et al. 2015 **** †''Saurichthys sceltrichensis'' Renesto et al. 2021 **** †''Saurichthys seefeldensis'' Kner 1867 **** †''Saurichthys spinosa'' Wu et al. 2018 **** †''Saurichthys stensioi'' Lehman 1952 **** †''Saurichthys sui'' Fang & Wu 2022 **** †''Saurichthys tenuirostris'' Münster 1839 **** †''Saurichthys tertius'' Minich 1982 **** †''Saurichthys ultimus'' Minikh 1992 **** †''Saurichthys vjuschkovi'' Minikh 1983 **** †''Saurichthys yangjuanensis'' Wu et al. 2015 **** †''Saurichthys yunnanensis'' Zhang, Zhou, Lu & Bai 2010 *** Subgenus †'' Costasaurichthys'' Tintori, 2013 **** †''Saurichthys'' (''Costasaurichthys'') ''costasquamosus'' Rieppel 1985 (
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Saurichthyiformes is an extinct
Extinction is the termination of an organism by the death of its Endling, last member. A taxon may become Functional extinction, functionally extinct before the death of its last member if it loses the capacity to Reproduction, reproduce and ...
order of ray-finned fish which existed in Asia
Asia ( , ) is the largest continent in the world by both land area and population. It covers an area of more than 44 million square kilometres, about 30% of Earth's total land area and 8% of Earth's total surface area. The continent, which ...
, Africa
Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent after Asia. At about 30.3 million km2 (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 20% of Earth's land area and 6% of its total surfac ...
, Australia
Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country comprising mainland Australia, the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and list of islands of Australia, numerous smaller isl ...
, Europe
Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere. It is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, the Mediterranean Sea to the south, and Asia to the east ...
and North America
North America is a continent in the Northern Hemisphere, Northern and Western Hemisphere, Western hemispheres. North America is bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the southeast by South Ameri ...
, during the late Permian to early Middle Jurassic. Saurichthyiiformes comprise two families, Saurichthyidae and Yelangichthyidae. Yelangichthyidae is monotypic
In biology, a monotypic taxon is a taxonomic group (taxon) that contains only one immediately subordinate taxon. A monotypic species is one that does not include subspecies or smaller, infraspecific taxa. In the case of genera, the term "unisp ...
, containing only the genus '' Yelangichthys.'' The gar or needlefish-like Saurichthyidae is primarily known from the genus '' Saurichthys.'' Additionally, the subgenera '' Saurorhynchus'' '' Costasaurichthys'', '' Eosaurichthys'', '' Lepidosaurichthys'', and ''Sinosaurichthys
''Sinosaurichthys'' is an extinct genus of Saurichthyidae, saurichthyid Actinopterygii, ray-finned fish, which existed in south-western China during the Middle Triassic (Anisian age). Fossils have been found in the Upper Member of the Guanling Fo ...
'' are frequently used to group species, and are sometimes considered separate genera. Species are known from both marine end freshwater deposits. They had their highest diversity during the Early and Middle Triassic. Their phylogenetic position is uncertain, while they have often been considered members of Chondrostei, and thus related to living sturgeons and paddlefish, phylogenetic analysis of well-preserved remains has considered this relationship equivocal. They may actually belong to the stem-group of Actinopterygii, and thus not closely related to any living group of ray-finned fish.
Systematics
* Order †Saurichthyiformes Aldinger, 1937 aurichthyida Berg, 1937/small> ** Family †Saurichthyidae Owen 1860 aurichthyoidei Bleeker 1859; Belonorhynchidae Woodward 1888; Saurorhynchidae Jordan, 1905*** Genus †'' Saurichthys'' Agassiz, 1834 [''Belonorhynchus'' Bronn 1858; ''Brevisaurichthys'' Beltan 1972; ''Giffonus'' Costa 1862; ''Gymnosaurichthys'' Berg 1940; ''Ichthyorhynchus'' Bellotti 1857; ''Stylorhynchus'' Martin 1873, non Lesson 1847, non Stein 1848; ''Systolichthys'' Beltan 1972] **** †''Saurichthys apicalis'' Agassiz 1834 (type species
In International_Code_of_Zoological_Nomenclature, zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the spe ...
)
**** †''Saurichthys breviabdominalis'' Maxwell et al. 2015Discovery of two new species of primitive fishes/ref> **** †''Saurichthys curionii'' (Bellotti 1857) **** †''Saurichthys daubreei'' Firtion 1934 **** †''Saurichthys dawaziensis'' Wu et al. 2009 **** †''Saurichthys dianneae'' Maxwell et al. 2016 **** †''Saurichthys dongusensis'' Minich 1992 **** †''Saurichthys eximius'' Minikh 1982 **** †''Saurichthys gigas'' (Woodward 1890), non von Quenstedt 1858 **** †''Saurichthys gracilis'' (Woodward 1890) **** †''Saurichthys grignae'' Tintori 2013 **** †''Saurichthys gypsophilus'' Reis 1892 **** †''Saurichthys hamiltoni'' Stensiö 1925 **** †''Saurichthys hoffmanni'' Werneburg et al. 2014 **** †''Saurichthys huanshenensis'' Chou & Liu 1957 **** †''Saurichthys irregularis'' Oertle 1928 **** †''Saurichthys latifrons'' Eck 1865 **** †''Saurichthys lepidosteoides'' Frech 1903 **** †''Saurichthys macrocephalus'' (Deecke 1889) **** †''Saurichthys majiashanensis'' Tintori et al. 2014 **** †''Saurichthys minimahleri'' Werneburg et al. 2014 **** †''Saurichthys nepalensis'' Beltan & Janvier 1978 **** †''Saurichthys obrutchevi'' Minich 1981 **** †''Saurichthys orientalis'' Sytchevskaya 1999 **** †''Saurichthys parvidens'' Wade 1935 **** †''Saurichthys piveteaui'' Beltan 1968 **** †''Saurichthys proximus'' Minich 1981 **** †''Saurichthys rieppeli'' Maxwell et al. 2015 **** †''Saurichthys sceltrichensis'' Renesto et al. 2021 **** †''Saurichthys seefeldensis'' Kner 1867 **** †''Saurichthys spinosa'' Wu et al. 2018 **** †''Saurichthys stensioi'' Lehman 1952 **** †''Saurichthys sui'' Fang & Wu 2022 **** †''Saurichthys tenuirostris'' Münster 1839 **** †''Saurichthys tertius'' Minich 1982 **** †''Saurichthys ultimus'' Minikh 1992 **** †''Saurichthys vjuschkovi'' Minikh 1983 **** †''Saurichthys yangjuanensis'' Wu et al. 2015 **** †''Saurichthys yunnanensis'' Zhang, Zhou, Lu & Bai 2010 *** Subgenus †'' Costasaurichthys'' Tintori, 2013 **** †''Saurichthys'' (''Costasaurichthys'') ''costasquamosus'' Rieppel 1985 (
type species
In International_Code_of_Zoological_Nomenclature, zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the spe ...
)
**** †''Saurichthys'' (''Costasaurichthys'') ''paucitrichus'' Rieppel 1992
*** Subgenus †'' Eosaurichthys'' Liu & Wei, 1988
**** †''Saurichthys'' (''Eosaurichthys'') ''chaoi'' (Liu and Wei 1988) (type species
In International_Code_of_Zoological_Nomenclature, zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the spe ...
)
**** †''Saurichthys'' (''Eosaurichthys'') ''madagascariensis'' Piveteau 1945
*** Subgenus †'' Lepidosaurichthys'' Tintori, 2013
**** †''Saurichthys'' (''Lepidosaurichthys'') ''dayi'' (Raymond 1925) (type species
In International_Code_of_Zoological_Nomenclature, zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the spe ...
)
**** †''Saurichthys'' (''Lepidosaurichthys'') ''elongatus'' Stensiö 1925
**** †''Saurichthys'' (''Lepidosaurichthys'') ''ornatus'' Stensiö 1925
**** †''Saurichthys'' (''Lepidosaurichthys'') ''toxolepis'' Mutter et al. 2008
**** †''Saurichthys'' (''Lepidosaurichthys'') ''wimani'' (Woodward 1912)
*** Subgenus †''Sinosaurichthys
''Sinosaurichthys'' is an extinct genus of Saurichthyidae, saurichthyid Actinopterygii, ray-finned fish, which existed in south-western China during the Middle Triassic (Anisian age). Fossils have been found in the Upper Member of the Guanling Fo ...
'' Wu ''et al.'', 2010
**** †''Saurichthys'' (''Sinosaurichthys'') ''longipectoralis'' Wu et al. 2009 (type species
In International_Code_of_Zoological_Nomenclature, zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the spe ...
)
**** †''Saurichthys'' (''Sinosaurichthys'') ''longimedialis'' Wu et al. 2009
**** †''Saurichthys'' (''Sinosaurichthys'') ''minuta'' Wu et al. 2009
*** Genus †'' Saurorhynchus'' Reis, 1892 'Acidorhynchus'' Stensiö, 1925**** †''Saurichthys'' (''Saurorhynchus'') ''calcaratus'' Griffith 1977
**** †''Saurichthys'' (''Saurorhynchus'') ''deperditus'' (Costa 1862)
**** †''Saurichthys'' (''Saurorhynchus'') ''striolatus'' Bronn 1858
**** †''Saurorhynchus acutus'' (Agassiz 1844) (type species
In International_Code_of_Zoological_Nomenclature, zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the spe ...
)
**** †''Saurorhynchus anningae'' Maxwell & Stumpf 2017
**** †''Saurorhynchus brevirostris'' (Woodward 1895)
**** †''Saurorhynchus hauffi'' Maxwell & Stumpf 2017
** Family † Yelangichthyidae Wu et al., 2013
*** Genus †'' Yelangichthys'' Wu et al., 2013
**** †''Yelangichthys macrocephalus'' Wu et al., 2013 (type species
In International_Code_of_Zoological_Nomenclature, zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the spe ...
)
Phylogeny
Modified from Maxwell et al. (also see Renesto et al., Argyriou et al. and Gardiner et al.)Timeline of genera
Permian
The Permian ( ) is a geologic period and System (stratigraphy), stratigraphic system which spans 47 million years, from the end of the Carboniferous Period million years ago (Mya), to the beginning of the Triassic Period 251.902 Mya. It is the s ...
from: -251.902 till: -201.3 color:triassic text:Triassic
The Triassic ( ; sometimes symbolized 🝈) is a geologic period and system which spans 50.5 million years from the end of the Permian Period 251.902 million years ago ( Mya), to the beginning of the Jurassic Period 201.4 Mya. The Triassic is t ...
from: -201.3 till: -145 color:jurassic text:Jurassic
The Jurassic ( ) is a Geological period, geologic period and System (stratigraphy), stratigraphic system that spanned from the end of the Triassic Period million years ago (Mya) to the beginning of the Cretaceous Period, approximately 143.1 Mya. ...
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color:latepermian bar:NAM1 from:-254.14 till:-251.2 text: Eosaurichthys
color:middletriassic bar:NAM2 from:-242 till:-237 text: Costasaurichthys
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color:earlytriassic bar:NAM4 from:-251.902 till:-201.3 text: Saurichthys
color:earlyjurassic bar:NAM5 from:-227.0 till:-170.3 text: Saurorhynchus
color:middletriassic bar:NAM6 from:-247 till:-242 text:Sinosaurichthys
''Sinosaurichthys'' is an extinct genus of Saurichthyidae, saurichthyid Actinopterygii, ray-finned fish, which existed in south-western China during the Middle Triassic (Anisian age). Fossils have been found in the Upper Member of the Guanling Fo ...
color:middletriassic bar:NAM7 from:-247 till:-242 text: Yelangichthys
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from: -251.902 till: -247 color:earlytriassic text: E.
from: -247 till: -237 color:middletriassic text: Middle
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from: -298.9 till: -251.902 color:permian text:Permian
The Permian ( ) is a geologic period and System (stratigraphy), stratigraphic system which spans 47 million years, from the end of the Carboniferous Period million years ago (Mya), to the beginning of the Triassic Period 251.902 Mya. It is the s ...
from: -251.902 till: -201.3 color:triassic text:Triassic
The Triassic ( ; sometimes symbolized 🝈) is a geologic period and system which spans 50.5 million years from the end of the Permian Period 251.902 million years ago ( Mya), to the beginning of the Jurassic Period 201.4 Mya. The Triassic is t ...
from: -201.3 till: -145 color:jurassic text:Jurassic
The Jurassic ( ) is a Geological period, geologic period and System (stratigraphy), stratigraphic system that spanned from the end of the Triassic Period million years ago (Mya) to the beginning of the Cretaceous Period, approximately 143.1 Mya. ...
References
Additional references
* {{Taxonbar, from=Q7427553 Prehistoric ray-finned fish orders Jurassic bony fish Permian bony fish Triassic bony fish Lopingian first appearances Early Jurassic extinctions