Saud bin Muhammad Al Muqrin ( ''Suʿūd ibn Muḥammad Āl Muqrin''; 1640–1726) was the eponymous ancestor of the

House of Saud The House of Saud ( ) is the ruling royal family of Saudi Arabia. It is composed of the descendants of Muhammad bin Saud, founder of the Emirate of Diriyah, known as the First Saudi State, (1727–1818), and his brothers, though the ruling ...

, otherwise known as the al-Saud.

Ancestry

Saud was descended from the Al Muqrin family, whose earliest recorded ancestor was Mani' bin Rabiah Al Muraydi who settled in

Diriyah Diriyah (; formerly romanization of Arabic, romanized as Dereyeh and Dariyya) is a towns in Saudi Arabia, town and governorate in Saudi Arabia. Located on the northwestern outskirts of the Saudi capital, Riyadh, Diriyah was the original home of t ...

in 1446–1447 with his clan, the Mrudah. The Mrudah are believed to be descended from the

Banu Hanifa Banu Hanifa () is an ancient Arab tribe inhabiting the area of al-Yamama in the central region of modern-day Saudi Arabia. The tribe belongs to the great Rabi'ah branch of North Arabian tribes, which also included Abdul Qays, Taghlib, al-N ...

branch of the

Rabi'ah Rabīʿa ibn Nizar () is the patriarch of one of two main branches of the "North Arabian" (Adnanite) tribes, the other branch being founded by Mudhar. Branches According to the classical Arab genealogists, the following are the important bran ...

tribal confederation. The Al Saud originated as a leading family in a town called Diriyah, close to the modern city of

Riyadh Riyadh is the capital and largest city of Saudi Arabia. It is also the capital of the Riyadh Province and the centre of the Riyadh Governorate. Located on the eastern bank of Wadi Hanifa, the current form of the metropolis largely emerged in th ...

, near the center of

Najd Najd is a Historical region, historical region of the Arabian Peninsula that includes most of the central region of Saudi Arabia. It is roughly bounded by the Hejaz region to the west, the Nafud desert in Al-Jawf Province, al-Jawf to the north, ...

. Sometime in the early 16th century, ancestors of Saud bin Muhammad took over some date groves, one of the few forms of agriculture the area could support, and settled there. Over time, the groves grew into a small town, and the clan came to be recognized as its leaders.

Descendants

Saud had several sons:

Muhammad Muhammad (8 June 632 CE) was an Arab religious and political leader and the founder of Islam. Muhammad in Islam, According to Islam, he was a prophet who was divinely inspired to preach and confirm the tawhid, monotheistic teachings of A ...

, Thunayyan, Mishari, and Farhan. Saud died in 1726 and was succeeded by his son Muhammad. One of Saud's brothers, Muqrin, was killed by Muhammad bin Saud, which caused an intrafamilial struggle and therefore, Zaid bin Farhan ('son of Farhan') found an opportunity to control the rule of Diriyah. Two decades after Saud's death, his son Muhammad bin Saud made his historic pact with

Muhammad bin Abd al-Wahhab Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhāb ibn Sulaymān al-Tamīmī (1703–1792) was a Sunni Muslim scholar, theologian, preacher, activist, religious leader, jurist, and reformer, who was from Najd in Arabian Peninsula and is considered as the eponymou ...

, leading to their conquest of Arabia and the establishments of the

First Saudi State The first Saudi state (), officially the Emirate of Diriyah (), was established in 1744, when the emir of a Najdi town called Diriyah, Muhammad I, and the religious leader Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab signed a pact to found a socio-religious r ...

. Sheikh Muhammad's patronymic "Ibn Saud" eventually gave the clan its name of Al Saud.

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Muqrin, Saud Mohammed 17th-century monarchs in the Middle East 18th-century monarchs in the Middle East 18th-century imams 1640 births 1726 deaths Saud bin Mohammed