Saud bin Hamoud Al Rashid (; 1870–September 1908) was the ninth Emir of Jabal Shammar from January to September 1908.

Early life

Saud was born around 1875, the fifth son of Hamoud bin Obaid Al Rashid.

Career

In late December 1906, Saud bin Hamoud and his two brothers Sultan and Faisal invited the Emir, his brothers and his cousins on a hunting trip. There, Mutaib was killed by Sultan, Talal bin Nayef Al Rashid (the father of Muhammad, the twelfth Emir and Abdullah) was killed by Saud, and Mutaib's brother Mishaal was killed by Faisal. Sultan then asked who the people of Ha'il supported to become Emir, who answered that they supported Muhammad, the remaining full brother of Mutaib. Muhammad was then killed in Ha'il. The only son of Abdulaziz who was not killed in the bloodshed and its aftermath was

Saud The House of Saud ( ) is the ruling royal family of Saudi Arabia. It is composed of the descendants of Muhammad bin Saud, founder of the Emirate of Diriyah, known as the First Saudi State, (1727–1818), and his brothers, though the ruling fac ...

, half-brother of the murdered Emir, who was taken to

Medina Medina, officially al-Madinah al-Munawwarah (, ), also known as Taybah () and known in pre-Islamic times as Yathrib (), is the capital of Medina Province (Saudi Arabia), Medina Province in the Hejaz region of western Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, ...

by his Al Sabhan relatives. Sultan bin Hamoud Al Rashid then became Emir. Sultan's reign was seen as a disaster. He renewed conflict with

Ibn Saud Abdulaziz bin Abdul Rahman Al Saud (; 15 January 1875Ibn Saud's birth year has been a source of debate. It is generally accepted as 1876, although a few sources give it as 1880. According to British author Robert Lacey's book ''The Kingdom'', ...

after peace was made by Emir Mutaib, allying himself with the new Emir of

Buraydah Buraydah or Buraidah (Arabic: بريدة) is the capital and largest city of Al-Qassim Province in north-central Saudi Arabia. Renowned as the agricultural capital of Saudi Arabia and often referred to as the food basket of the Kingdom, the cit ...

, Muhammad bin Abdullah Al Khayl. The

Mutayr Mutayr () is an Arab tribe with origins in the northern Hejaz near Medina, in present day Saudi Arabia. The tribe mainly inhabits Saudi Arabia (Najd), Kuwait, Iraq, and the United Arab Emirates. They have also settled in Morocco and Tunisia. Ge ...

tribe was shortly added to the coalition and they launched an attack on the Saudis in the Battle of Tarafiyah which was repelled within weeks. Additionally, the Hajj caravans stopped using the Jabal route during his reign, which was an important source of revenue for the Emirate. Sultan recognized his unpopularity and attempted to flee into Syria, taking a chunk of wealth from the treasury with him. Saud bin Hamoud, his brother and chief minister, caught up to him hiding in a cave in the Jabal Aja. Sultan was dragged back to Ha'il by Saud and killed. Saud bin Hamoud ascended to the throne and renewed peace with Ibn Saud, attempting to undo many of his brother's mistakes. However, he was met by opposition from Sultan bin Hamoud's bodyguard, bringing more chaos in a rebellion that although eventually quelled, caused damage to many settled areas. Saud could not find much support from either the Bedouin or the Hadir. In the summer of 1908, Al Sabhan made a move to dethrone him and install the exiled Saud bin Abdulaziz Al Rashid. They first attacked Rashidi tax collectors near Hejaz, then used the funds they extracted to create an army. Men of the men of the

Hutaym The Hutaym (also Hutaim, Huteim) are a tribe of northwestern Arabia. Traditionally, they are considered a pariah group by the Arabs and their name has been used as a catch-all term covering other pariah groups as well, such as the ʿAwāzim of eas ...

tribe were enlisted and they marched on Ha'il, defeating Saud bin Hamoud's force outside the city. The people of Ha'il opened the gates to the insurgents, while Saud bin Hamoud locked himself inside the

Barzan Palace Barzan () was a historical palace in Ha'il, Saudi Arabia. Its construction was begun in 1808 by Prince Muhammad bin Abdul Muhsin Al Ali. The palace was completed during the rule of the second Rashidi amir, Talal bin Abdullah. Barzan Palace co ...

. It was placed under siege and six hours later Saud bin Hamoud surrendered. Saud bin Abdulaziz was enthroned on 13 September 1908. In the early days of the new government, Saud bin Hamoud was strangled in a dungeon.

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rashid, Saud Hamoud 20th-century monarchs in the Middle East 20th-century murdered monarchs 1875 births 1908 deaths Arab people from the Ottoman Empire Saud bin Hamoud Ibn Saud Arabian regicides