''Satyrium'' is a
genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial n ...
of
orchid
Orchids are plants that belong to the family Orchidaceae (), a diverse and widespread group of flowering plants with blooms that are often colourful and fragrant.
Along with the Asteraceae, they are one of the two largest families of flowering ...
. The Kew plant list for 2010 listed 85 full
species
In biology, a species is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of ...
as accepted, ignoring synonyms, subspecies and hybrids etc. About ten were still unresolved at the time. Most of the species occur in
sub-Saharan Africa and
Madagascar
Madagascar (; mg, Madagasikara, ), officially the Republic of Madagascar ( mg, Repoblikan'i Madagasikara, links=no, ; french: République de Madagascar), is an island country in the Indian Ocean, approximately off the coast of East Africa ...
. The ranges of four species extend to Asia, mainly in India and
Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka (, ; si, ශ්රී ලංකා, Śrī Laṅkā, translit-std=ISO (); ta, இலங்கை, Ilaṅkai, translit-std=ISO ()), formerly known as Ceylon and officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, is an ...
.
Hybridization occurs between several species, complicating
molecular phylogenetic
Molecular phylogenetics () is the branch of phylogeny that analyzes genetic, hereditary molecular differences, predominantly in DNA sequences, to gain information on an organism's evolutionary relationships. From these analyses, it is possible to ...
studies, especially those relying on
mitochondrial
A mitochondrion (; ) is an organelle found in the cells of most Eukaryotes, such as animals, plants and fungi. Mitochondria have a double membrane structure and use aerobic respiration to generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is us ...
and
chloroplast
A chloroplast () is a type of membrane-bound organelle known as a plastid that conducts photosynthesis mostly in plant and algal cells. The photosynthetic pigment chlorophyll captures the energy from sunlight, converts it, and stores it ...
DNA sequence
DNA sequencing is the process of determining the nucleic acid sequence – the order of nucleotides in DNA. It includes any method or technology that is used to determine the order of the four bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine. Th ...
s.
[Timotheüs van der Niet, and H. Peter Linder. 2008. "Dealing with incongruence in the quest for the species tree: A case study from the orchid genus ''Satyrium''". ''Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution'' 47(1):154-174. .]
The genus most closely related to ''Satyrium'' is presumed to be ''
Pachites
''Pachites'' is a genus of flowering plants in the orchid family, Orchidaceae. It contains two known species, both endemic to South Africa.Hans Peter Linder and Hubert Kurzweil. 1999. ''Orchids of Southern Africa''. 504 pages. A. A. Balkema ...
'', which together with ''Satyrium'' makes up the
subtribe
Subtribe is a taxonomic category ranking which is below the rank of tribe and above genus. The standard suffix for a subtribe is -ina (in animals) or -inae (in plants). The early use of this word is from 19th century. An example of subtribe i ...
Satyriinae of the
Diseae
Diseae is an orchid tribe in the subfamily Orchidoideae.. (See ''External links'' below). It was recognized in ''Genera Orchidacearum'' volume 2, which was published in 2001. It consisted of 12 genera in five subtribes. In molecular phylogenet ...
. Historically other species with helmet-shaped flowers e.g. ''
Aceras'', ''
Chamorchis
''Chamorchis'' is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. It contains only one known species, ''Chamorchis alpina'', known as the false orchid or false musk orchid, and found in subarctic and subalpine parts of Europe: Sc ...
'' and ''
Platanthera
The genus ''Platanthera'' belongs to the subfamily Orchidoideae of the family Orchidaceae, and comprises about 150 species of orchids. The members of this genus, known as the butterfly orchids or fringed orchids, were previously included in the ...
'', often were included in the genus ''Satyrium'', but far from belonging in the same genus, they no longer are included even within the Satyriinae, but within the
tribe
The term tribe is used in many different contexts to refer to a category of human social group. The predominant worldwide usage of the term in English is in the discipline of anthropology. This definition is contested, in part due to confl ...
Orchideae
Orchideae is a tribe of orchids in the subfamily Orchidoideae. Historically, it was divided into 2 subtribes, Orchidinae and Habenariinae. The subtribe Orchidinae alone contains about 1,800 species. However, although some phylogenetic studies hav ...
. In a 2015 classification of Orchidaceae, ''Satyrium'' itself was placed in the subtribe
Orchidinae
Orchideae is a tribe of orchids in the subfamily Orchidoideae. Historically, it was divided into 2 subtribes, Orchidinae and Habenariinae. The subtribe Orchidinae alone contains about 1,800 species. However, although some phylogenetic studies hav ...
.
Currently accepted species of ''Satyrium''
*''
Satyrium aberrans''
Summerh.
*''
Satyrium aciculare''
van der Niet & P.J.Cribb
*''
Satyrium acuminatum''
Lindl.
*''
Satyrium aethiopicum''
Summerh.
*''
Satyrium afromontanum''
la Croix & P.J.Cribb
*''
Satyrium amblyosaccos''
Schltr.
*''
Satyrium amoenum''
(Thouars) A.Rich.
*''
Satyrium anomalum''
Schltr.
*''
Satyrium baronii
''Satyrium'' is the generic name of two groups of organisms and may refer to:
* ''Satyrium'' (butterfly), a genus of butterflies in the family Lycaenidae
* ''Satyrium'' (plant), a genus of plants in the family Orchidaceae
{{Genus disambig ...
''
Schltr.
*''
Satyrium bicallosum''
Thunb.
*''
Satyrium bicorne''
(L.) Thunb.
*''
Satyrium brachypetalum''
A.Rich.
*''
Satyrium bracteatum''
(L.f.) Thunb.
*''
Satyrium breve''
Rolfe
*''
Satyrium buchananii''
Schltr.
*''
Satyrium candidum''
Lindl.
*''
Satyrium carneum''
(Dryand.) Sims
*''
Satyrium carsonii''
Rolfe
*''
Satyrium chlorocorys''
Rchb.f. ex Rolfe
*''
Satyrium compactum''
Summerh.
*''
Satyrium comptum''
Summerh.
*''
Satyrium confusum''
Summerh.
*''
Satyrium coriifolium''
Sw.
*''
Satyrium coriophoroides
''Satyrium'' is the generic name of two groups of organisms and may refer to:
* ''Satyrium'' (butterfly), a genus of butterflies in the family Lycaenidae
* ''Satyrium'' (plant), a genus of plants in the family Orchidaceae
{{Genus disambig ...
''
A.Rich.
*''
Satyrium crassicaule''
Rendle
*''
Satyrium cristatum
''Satyrium'' is the generic name of two groups of organisms and may refer to:
* ''Satyrium'' (butterfly), a genus of butterflies in the family Lycaenidae
* ''Satyrium'' (plant), a genus of plants in the family Orchidaceae
{{Genus disambig ...
''
Sond.
*''
Satyrium ecalcaratum
''Satyrium'' is the generic name of two groups of organisms and may refer to:
* ''Satyrium'' (butterfly), a genus of butterflies in the family Lycaenidae
* ''Satyrium'' (plant), a genus of plants in the family Orchidaceae
{{Genus disambig ...
''
Schltr.
*''
Satyrium elongatum''
Rolfe
*''
Satyrium erectum''
Sw.
*''
Satyrium fimbriatum''
Summerh.
*''
Satyrium flavum
''Satyrium'' is the generic name of two groups of organisms and may refer to:
* ''Satyrium'' (butterfly), a genus of butterflies in the family Lycaenidae
* ''Satyrium'' (plant), a genus of plants in the family Orchidaceae
{{Genus disambig ...
''
la Croix
*''
Satyrium foliosum''
Sw.
*''
Satyrium hallackii
''Satyrium'' is the generic name of two groups of organisms and may refer to:
* ''Satyrium'' (butterfly), a genus of butterflies in the family Lycaenidae
* ''Satyrium'' (plant), a genus of plants in the family Orchidaceae
{{Genus disambig ...
''
Bolus
*''
Satyrium humile''
Lindl.
*''
Satyrium johnsonii
''Satyrium'' is the generic name of two groups of organisms and may refer to:
* ''Satyrium'' (butterfly), a genus of butterflies in the family Lycaenidae
* ''Satyrium'' (plant), a genus of plants in the family Orchidaceae
{{Genus disambig ...
''
Rolfe
*''
Satyrium kermesinum''
Kraenzl.
*''
Satyrium kitimboense''
Kraenzl.
*''
Satyrium ligulatum
''Satyrium'' is the generic name of two groups of organisms and may refer to:
* ''Satyrium'' (butterfly), a genus of butterflies in the family Lycaenidae
* ''Satyrium'' (plant), a genus of plants in the family Orchidaceae
{{Genus disambig ...
''
Lindl.
*''
Satyrium longicauda''
Lindl.
*''
Satyrium longicolle
''Satyrium'' is the generic name of two groups of organisms and may refer to:
* ''Satyrium'' (butterfly), a genus of butterflies in the family Lycaenidae
* ''Satyrium'' (plant), a genus of plants in the family Orchidaceae
{{Genus disambig ...
''
Lindl.
*''
Satyrium lupulinum''
Lindl.
*''
Satyrium macrophyllum''
Lindl.
*''
Satyrium mechowii''
Rchb.f.
*''
Satyrium membranaceum''
Sw.
*''
Satyrium microcorys''
Schltr.
*''
Satyrium microrrhynchum''
Schltr.
*''
Satyrium mirum''
Summerh.
*''
Satyrium miserum''
Kraenzl.
*''
Satyrium monadenum''
Schltr.
*''
Satyrium monophyllum''
Kraenzl.
*''
Satyrium muticum''
Lindl.
*''
Satyrium neglectum''
Schltr.
*''
Satyrium neilgherrensis''
Fyson
*''
Satyrium nepalense''
D.Don
*''
Satyrium odorum''
Sond.
*''
Satyrium oliganthum''
Schltr.
*''
Satyrium orbiculare''
Rolfe
*''
Satyrium outeniquense''
Schltr.
*''
Satyrium pallens''
S.D.Johnson & Kurzweil
*''
Satyrium paludosum''
Rchb.f.
*''
Satyrium parviflorum''
Sw.
*''
Satyrium perrieri''
Schltr.
*''
Satyrium princeae''
Kraenzl.
*''
Satyrium princeps''
Bolus
*''
Satyrium pulchrum''
S.D.Johnson & Kurzweil
*''
Satyrium pumilum''
Thunb.
*''
Satyrium pygmaeum''
Sond.
*''
Satyrium retusum''
Lindl.
*''
Satyrium rhynchanthoides''
Schltr.
*''
Satyrium rhynchanthum''
Bolus
*''
Satyrium riparium''
Rchb.f.
*''
Satyrium robustum''
Schltr.
*''
Satyrium rostratum''
Lindl.
*''
Satyrium rupestre
''Satyrium'' is the generic name of two groups of organisms and may refer to:
* ''Satyrium'' (butterfly), a genus of butterflies in the family Lycaenidae
* ''Satyrium'' (plant), a genus of plants in the family Orchidaceae
{{Genus disambig ...
''
Schltr.
*''
Satyrium sceptrum''
Schltr.
*''
Satyrium schimperi''
Hochst. ex A.Rich.
*''
Satyrium shirense''
Rolfe
*''
Satyrium sphaeranthum''
Schltr.
*''
Satyrium sphaerocarpum''
Lindl.
*''
Satyrium stenopetalum
''Satyrium'' is the generic name of two groups of organisms and may refer to:
* ''Satyrium'' (butterfly), a genus of butterflies in the family Lycaenidae
* ''Satyrium'' (plant), a genus of plants in the family Orchidaceae
{{Genus disambig ...
''
Lindl.
*''
Satyrium striatum
''Satyrium'' is the generic name of two groups of organisms and may refer to:
* ''Satyrium'' (butterfly), a genus of butterflies in the family Lycaenidae
* ''Satyrium'' (plant), a genus of plants in the family Orchidaceae
{{Genus disambig ...
''
Thunb.
*''
Satyrium trinerve''
Lindl.
*''
Satyrium volkensii''
Schltr.
*''
Satyrium welwitschii
''Satyrium'' is the generic name of two groups of organisms and may refer to:
* ''Satyrium'' (butterfly), a genus of butterflies in the family Lycaenidae
* ''Satyrium'' (plant), a genus of plants in the family Orchidaceae
{{Genus disambig ...
''
Rchb.f.
*''
Satyrium yunnanense''
Rolfe
References
External links
*
*
{{Taxonbar, from=Q646860
Orchideae genera