Satkhira() is a

city A city is a human settlement of a substantial size. The term "city" has different meanings around the world and in some places the settlement can be very small. Even where the term is limited to larger settlements, there is no universally agree ...

and district headquarter of Satkhira District in

Khulna Division Khulna Division () is the second largest of the eight divisions of Bangladesh. It has an area of and a population of 17,416,645 at the 2022 Bangladesh census (preliminary returns). Its headquarters and largest city is Khulna city in Khulna Dist ...

, southwestern

Bangladesh Bangladesh, officially the People's Republic of Bangladesh, is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by population, eighth-most populous country in the world and among the List of countries and dependencies by ...

. The city has a population of about 113,000, making it the 20th largest city in Bangladesh. Satkhira also has a large proportion of the

Sundarbans Sundarbans (; pronounced ) is a mangrove forest area in the Ganges Delta formed by the confluence of the Ganges, Brahmaputra and Meghna Rivers in the Bay of Bengal. It spans the area from the Hooghly River in India's state of West Bengal ...

rainforest of Bangladesh. The area has suffered from

saltwater intrusion Saltwater intrusion is the movement of saline water into freshwater aquifers, which can lead to groundwater quality degradation, including drinking water sources, and other consequences. Saltwater intrusion can naturally occur in coastal aquifers, ...

into the water supply as a result of

sea level rise The sea level has been rising from the end of the last ice age, which was around 20,000 years ago. Between 1901 and 2018, the average sea level rose by , with an increase of per year since the 1970s. This was faster than the sea level had e ...

, part of the effects of

climate change in Bangladesh Climate change is a critical issue in Bangladesh. As the country is one of the most Climate change vulnerability, vulnerable to the effects of climate change. In the 2020 edition of Germanwatch's ''Climate Risk Index'', it ranked seventh in the l ...

History

In the name of Satkhira district, there are some common connotations. In the meantime, during the permanent settlement, Vishnur Chakraborty, an Emperor of Raja Krishnachandra of Nadia, bought the old Pargana at auction and built houses in Satgharia village under his auspices. His son Prannath is known and admired for his development work in the Satgharia region. The Satkhira subdivision was born in 1852 as the fourth subdivision of

Jessore district Jessore District, List of renamed places in Bangladesh, officially Jashore District (; ), is a Districts of Bangladesh, district in southwestern Bangladesh. It is bordered by India to the west, Khulna District, Khulna and Satkhira District, Satk ...

, with its headquarters in Kalaroa.

Nawab Abdul Latif Nawab Bahadur Qazi Abdul Latif (1828 – 10 July 1893) was a Bengali Muslim aristocrat, educator and social worker. His title, ''Nawab'' was awarded by the British in 1880. He was one of the first Muslims in 19th-century India to embrace the id ...

took charge of the first subdivision. In 1861, the sub-divisional office was shifted to Satgharia (Satkhira). Satghaira had already become Satkhira in the face of the British officers. So the old Satghariya Satkhira is present. The location of Satkhira district is on the south-western corner of Bangladesh. This settlement was known in ancient times as the Old Island. Next to it is the location of

Chandradwip Chandradwip was a historic principality and later a zamindari located in southern Bengal, largely corresponding to the present-day Barisal Division in Bangladesh. The principality first rose to prominence under the rule of Raja Danujamardana Deva ...

, Madhudbip, Surya Divip, Sangadipi, Joydeep, etc. The small islands of the island are found in ancient history and maps. The exact date and exact information are not available on the old island of

Burma Myanmar, officially the Republic of the Union of Myanmar; and also referred to as Burma (the official English name until 1989), is a country in northwest Southeast Asia. It is the largest country by area in Mainland Southeast Asia and ha ...

. According to the

Ramayana The ''Ramayana'' (; ), also known as ''Valmiki Ramayana'', as traditionally attributed to Valmiki, is a smriti text (also described as a Sanskrit literature, Sanskrit Indian epic poetry, epic) from ancient India, one of the two important epics ...

Mahabharata The ''Mahābhārata'' ( ; , , ) is one of the two major Sanskrit Indian epic poetry, epics of ancient India revered as Smriti texts in Hinduism, the other being the ''Ramayana, Rāmāyaṇa''. It narrates the events and aftermath of the Kuru ...

, the area of organized human habitation in the region was around 3,500 years ago. According to the

, Muni Kapil founded a Kalimandir in Kapilmani of Paikgachha and worshiped there. He had done the work of establishing and worshiping this temple during the

era.

Alexander Alexander () is a male name of Greek origin. The most prominent bearer of the name is Alexander the Great, the king of the Ancient Greek kingdom of Macedonia who created one of the largest empires in ancient history. Variants listed here ar ...

invaded India in 327 BC. At the time of his invasion of India, the mention of an independent state named Gangaridi was found in the mouth of the Ganges. The present Satkhira district was under the state. After

the

Mauryan The Maurya Empire was a geographically extensive Iron Age historical power in South Asia with its power base in Magadha. Founded by Chandragupta Maurya around c. 320 BCE, it existed in loose-knit fashion until 185 BCE. The primary sourc ...

and the

Gupta Gupta () is a common surname of Indian origin, meaning "guardian" or "protector". Origins and distribution The name is based on the Sanskrit word गोप्तृ ''goptṛ'', which means "guardian" or "protector". According to historian ...

era, the old river was in Pundravadi. Burhanuddin was known at this time as the zhelmandal. Chandra Varman occupied the Creek region in the fourth century. After this, the state ruled as the independent ruler of Baulango Gupta (507–525) in southeast Bengal. In the seventh century,

Shashanka Shashanka Dev (International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration, IAST: Śaśāṅka) was the first independent king of a unified polity in the Bengal region, called the Gauda Kingdom. He reigned in the 7th century, some historians place his r ...

, Bhadrasha, Khargorat, and the Loknath dynasty ruled this place. King Shashanka was history's most famous Narayan. This district most probably came under the authority of Sasanka, the ruler of Gauda, in the beginning of the 7th century A.D. Sasanka occupies a prominent place in the history of Bengal, as he is the first king of Bengal who extended his territorial overterritory bar beyond the geographical limits of the territories of Bengal. In the beginning of the 7th century, perhaps this district came under the authority of Shree Shankha chandra.

has occupied an important place in the history of Bengal. He was the first ruler of Bengal who expanded his sovereignty far beyond the geographical boundaries of Bengal, rather than just Bangla. King

himself did not settle the state with geography alone. He declared independence, occupied a number of states, and expanded the boundaries of his own kingdom. The reference to the kingdom of Gangaridi is derived from the traveler Hiuen Tsang (630 years old) who has traveled. During this period, Gangaridi was known as

Pundravardhana Pundravardhana or Pundra kingdom (), was an ancient kingdom of Iron Age India located in the Bengal region of the Indian subcontinent with a territory that included parts of present-day Rajshahi and parts of Rangpur Division of Bangladesh a ...

, Karnasuvarna, Kajangal, Tamralipti,

Samatata Samataṭa (Brahmi script: ''sa-ma-ta-ṭa'') was an ancient geopolitical division of Bengal in the eastern Indian subcontinent. The Greco-Roman world, Greco-Roman account of Sounagoura is linked to the kingdom of Samatata. Its territory corres ...

, etc. ' Satkhira district is part of this

symmetry Symmetry () in everyday life refers to a sense of harmonious and beautiful proportion and balance. In mathematics, the term has a more precise definition and is usually used to refer to an object that is Invariant (mathematics), invariant und ...

' From the 8th to the eleventh centuries, this long-time Pal and Varman kings ruled Bengal. During their era, the history of civilization and the prosperity of culture gained fame in the name of

Buddhist Buddhism, also known as Buddhadharma and Dharmavinaya, is an Indian religion and List of philosophies, philosophical tradition based on Pre-sectarian Buddhism, teachings attributed to the Buddha, a wandering teacher who lived in the 6th or ...

history and Buddhist culture. According to the records, during the Pala period, King Taillakya Chandra and Chandra of the

Chandra Dynasty The Chandra dynasty was a Buddhist dynasty, originating from the South East Bengal region of Indian subcontinent, which ruled the Samatata area of Bengal, as well as Arakan. Later it was a neighbor to the Pala Empire to the north. Rulers of Ch ...

(930–957) were the independent kings of South East Bengal in the tenth century AD. During the time of Chandra Raja, South Bengal had a rich populace. The people of the

, a Buddhist religion, were popular rulers for some time. After Shri Kalyan Chandra (975-1003 AD), Ladhachandra (1000-1020 AD), and his next king Gobinda Chandra (10-10-1045 AD). Gobind Chandra is considered the most powerful king of the

Chandra dynasty The Chandra dynasty was a Buddhist dynasty, originating from the South East Bengal region of Indian subcontinent, which ruled the Samatata area of Bengal, as well as Arakan. Later it was a neighbor to the Pala Empire to the north. Rulers of Ch ...

. When he was defeated by Chol Raj Rajendra Chola, the control of the southern region went to the

Pala dynasty The Pāla Empire was the empire ruled by the Pala dynasty, ("protector" in Sanskrit) a medieval Indian dynasty which ruled the kingdom of Gauda. The empire was founded with the election of Gopāla by the chiefs of Gauda in late eighth centu ...

. From the middle of the eleventh century, the

Palas A ''palas'' () is a German term for the imposing or prestigious building of a medieval '' Pfalz'' or castle that contained the great hall. Such buildings appeared during the Romanesque period (11th to 13th century) and, according to Thompson ...

ruled the south with

Mahipala Mahipala (or Mahipala I; ) was a notable king of the Pala dynasty, which ruled over much of the eastern regions of the Indian subcontinent between the 8th and 12th centuries. He was the son and successor of Vigrahapala II. Mahipala's reign mar ...

(995–1045), the third Viagra Pal (1058–1075),

Mahipala II Mahipala II was the successor to the Pala king Vigrahapala III in the Bengal region of the Indian subcontinent, and thirteenth ruler of the Pala line reigning for six years. He was succeeded by Shurapala II. Mahipala II was locked in a bitter ...

(1075–1088), and Rampal (1082-1124 AD). Pal Raja was a historian. The history revolted in the Kavatak rebellion in the late 11th century. Rampal is in power at this time. Burmans emerged in south-east Bengal due to the revolt of the Kaivarta. Men of this lineage are known as Brazzarm. Later, his son Jatavarmar won many wars and achieved sovereignty. In an inscription (1048–1049 AD) of Kalchuri Rajakarna, Jatavarm destroyed

Khulna district Khulna District () is a district of Bangladesh. It is located in the Khulna Division, bordered in the north by Jashore District and Narail District, in the south by the Bay of Bengal, in the east by Bagerhat District, and the west by Satkhira D ...

and south-eastern Bengal with the king of the

. Jatavarma established his own dominant position in Kamrupa and Barind and established an independent state in south-eastern Bengal along with

. The other rulers of the Armor dynasty are Harivarm, Salwaram, Bhojajarma, and others. The postwar armaments of Bengal started the reign of the Senate. History cannot provide strong information about the advent of the Seven Dynasties. Vijay Sen's work is about the third ruler of this dynasty. His reign was from 1097 to 1160 AD. He was brought under the division of the split division, and the central government introduced it. Succeeded in supplanting the Varman's from south-eastern Bengal and the Pales from north and north-western Bengal. Thus, Vijay Sena had established the rule of the whole of Bengal. Vijay Sena was a

Shaivite Shaivism (, , ) is one of the major Hindu traditions, which worships Shiva as the supreme being. It is the second-largest Hindu sect after Vaishnavism, constituting about 385 million Hindus, found widely across South Asia (predominantly in ...

Demographics

At the time of the 2011 census, Satkhira had 26,896 households and a population of 113,322. 20,102 (17.74%) were under 10 years of age. Satkhira has a sex ratio of 967 females per 1000 males and a literacy rate of 69.3%.

Climate

References

{{Authority control Populated places in Khulna District

History

Demographics

Climate

See Also

References