The Sarukhanids or Sarukhanid dynasty (
Modern Turkish: ''Saruhanoğulları'', ''Saruhanoğulları Beyliği''), also known as the Principality of Saruhan and Beylik of Saruhan (''Saruhan Beyliği''), was one of the
Turkish Anatolian beylik
Anatolian or anatolica may refer to:
* Anything of, from, or related to the region Anatolia
* Ancient Anatolians, Anatolians, ancient Indo-European peoples who spoke the Anatolian languages
* Anatolian High School, a type of Turkish educational in ...
s (principality), centered in
Manisa
Manisa () is a city in Turkey's Aegean Region and the administrative seat of Manisa Province, lying approximately 40 km northeast of the major city of İzmir. The city forms the urban part of the districts Şehzadeler and Yunusemre, with ...
.
Although the origin of Saruhanids is not known, there are theories that they may be of
Oghuz or
Kipchak origin. Some researchers attribute the origins of Saruhanids to the "Sarı" tribe of
Kipchak-
Kimeks. The Saruhanids It was founded by the tribal chief
Saruhan about 1300 and lasted for a first time until 1390, when
Bayezid I
Bayezid I (; ), also known as Bayezid the Thunderbolt (; ; – 8 March 1403), was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1389 to 1402. He adopted the title of ''Sultan-i Rûm'', ''Rûm'' being the Arabic name for the Eastern Roman Empire. In 139 ...
overran the region and finally until 1412, when the
Ottoman Sultan
Mehmed I
Mehmed I (; – 26 May 1421), also known as Mehmed Çelebi (, "the noble-born") or ''Kirişçi'' (, "lord's son"), was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1413 to 1421. Son of Sultan Bayezid I and his concubine Devlet Hatun, he fought with hi ...
killed Hızır, the last Saruhan ruler, and absorbed the
Bey
Bey, also spelled as Baig, Bayg, Beigh, Beig, Bek, Baeg, Begh, or Beg, is a Turkic title for a chieftain, and a royal, aristocratic title traditionally applied to people with special lineages to the leaders or rulers of variously sized areas in ...
lik into the
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire (), also called the Turkish Empire, was an empire, imperial realm that controlled much of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th to early 20th centuries; it also controlled parts of southeastern Centr ...
as a province.
History
The founder of the beylik,
Sarukhan Bey, began his military career as an
emir
Emir (; ' (), also Romanization of Arabic, transliterated as amir, is a word of Arabic language, Arabic origin that can refer to a male monarch, aristocratic, aristocrat, holder of high-ranking military or political office, or other person po ...
of the
Germiyanids
Germiyan, or the Germiyanids (Old Anatolian Turkish: ; or ), were a dynasty that controlled parts of western Anatolia from to 1429. Germiyan first appeared in 1239 near Malatya tasked with suppressing the Babai revolt. The tribe relocated to ...
. Sometime at the beginning of the 14th century, he seized territories for himself in the
Gediz River
The Gediz River (, ) is the second-longest river in Anatolia flowing into the Aegean Sea. From its source of Mount Murat in Kütahya Province, it flows generally west for to the Gediz River Delta in the Gulf of İzmir.
Name
The ancient Greek ...
(
Hermus
In Greek mythology, Hermus or Hermos (Ancient Greek: Ἕρμος) is a name attributed to multiple characters:
* Hermus, god of the river Hermus (modern Gediz river) located in the Aegean region of Lydia (modern Turkey). Like most of the rive ...
under its previous Byzantine rulers) valley and founded a dynasty that started to rule the region from its base in Manisa.
Its principal towns included
Menemen,
Gördes,
Demirci,
Nif, and
Kasaba.
Legacies

The dynasty's period as a regional power is largely limited to the long reign of its founder, Sarukhan Bey (d. 1346), under whom the principality became a naval power in the
Aegean Sea
The Aegean Sea is an elongated embayment of the Mediterranean Sea between Europe and Asia. It is located between the Balkans and Anatolia, and covers an area of some . In the north, the Aegean is connected to the Marmara Sea, which in turn con ...
, and regularly battled with the fleets of the
Republic of Genoa
The Republic of Genoa ( ; ; ) was a medieval and early modern Maritime republics, maritime republic from the years 1099 to 1797 in Liguria on the northwestern Italy, Italian coast. During the Late Middle Ages, it was a major commercial power in ...
and the
Dukes of Naxos.
The most enduring monument of the Sarukhan dynasty is the Great Mosque at Manisa. Constructed in 1374 by İshak Bey, the mosque has a prayer hall covered by a dome 14m in diameter. Attached to the prayer hall is an innovative, semi-covered forecourt. The building likely served as inspiration for the
Üç Şerefeli Mosque
The Üç Şerefeli Mosque () is a 15th-century Ottoman mosque in Edirne, Turkey.
History
The Üç Şerefeli Mosque was commissioned by Ottoman sultan Murad II (r. 1421–1444, 1446–1451), and built between 1438 and 1447. It is located in the ...
, constructed some sixty years later by the
Ottoman sultan
Murad II
Murad II (, ; June 1404 – 3 February 1451) was twice the sultan of the Ottoman Empire, from 1421 to 1444 and from 1446 to 1451.
Early life
Murad was born in June 1404 to Mehmed I, while the identity of his mother is disputed according to v ...
.
The region roughly corresponding to the area of extension of Sarukhan dynasty's administration became an Ottoman sub-province (''
sanjak
A sanjak or sancak (, , "flag, banner") was an administrative division of the Ottoman Empire. The Ottomans also sometimes called the sanjak a liva (, ) from the name's calque in Arabic and Persian.
Banners were a common organization of nomad ...
'') under the continued name of Sarukhan until the early years of the
Republic of Turkey
Turkey, officially the Republic of Türkiye, is a country mainly located in Anatolia in West Asia, with a relatively small part called East Thrace in Southeast Europe. It borders the Black Sea to the north; Georgia (country), Georgia, Armen ...
.
List of rulers
#Saruhan Bey (1313–1346)
#Fahrüddin İlyas Bey (1346–1362)
#Muzafferüddin İshak Bey (1362–1388)
#Hızırşah (1362–1390)
Under Ottoman rule (1390–1402):
#
Orhan Bey (1402–1404)
#Hızırşah Bey (1404–1410)
#Orhan Bey (1410–1412)
Genealogy of House of Saruhan
See also
* Anatolian beyliks
Anatolian beyliks (, Ottoman Turkish: ''Tavâif-i mülûk'', ''Beylik''; ) were Turkish principalities (or petty kingdoms) in Anatolia governed by ''beys'', the first of which were founded at the end of the 11th century. A second and more exte ...
References
Sources
*
*
{{DEFAULTSORT:Sarukhanids
Anatolian beyliks
History of Manisa
History of Manisa Province
States and territories established in the 1300s
States and territories disestablished in the 1410s