Sarmaanyo is a town in the

Sool Sool (, ) is a disputed administrative region (gobol). It borders Togdheer to the west, Sanaag to the north, Ethiopia to the south and Nugal, Bari to the east. Its capital city is Las Anod. The region is disputed by the self-declared Republic o ...

region of

Somalia Somalia, officially the Federal Republic of Somalia, is the easternmost country in continental Africa. The country is located in the Horn of Africa and is bordered by Ethiopia to the west, Djibouti to the northwest, Kenya to the southwest, th ...

Somaliland Somaliland, officially the Republic of Somaliland, is an List of states with limited recognition, unrecognised country in the Horn of Africa. It is located in the southern coast of the Gulf of Aden and bordered by Djibouti to the northwest, E ...

. (Sometimes considered in the

Sanaag Sanag (, ) is an administrative region ('' gobol'') in north eastern Somaliland.Regions of Somalia
Sa ...

region.) The town is predominantly inhabited by people from the Somali ethnic group, with the

Dhulbahante The Dhulbahante, (, ) are a Somali sub-clan, part of the Harti branch of the larger Darod clan. They primary reside in and around their traditional territories of Nugaal, as well as Doollo. The clan's progenitor is buried at Badweyn. The cur ...

sub-clan of the

Harti Harti () is a Somali clan that traces its lineage back to Saleh Abdi Harti. They are a sub-clan of the larger Darod clan. Notable sub-clans within Harti include the Majeerteen, Warsangali, Warsengeli, Dishishe, and the Dhulbahante. They predomi ...

Darod The Darod (, ) is a Somali clan. The forefather of this clan is Sheikh Abdirahman bin Isma'il al-Jabarti, more commonly known as Darod. The clan primarily settles the apex of the Horn of Africa and its peripheries, the Somali hinterlands adjacent ...

especially well represented.

Recent history

In March 2003, Puntland deployed troops to Sarmaanyo,

Hingalol Hingalol or Hingalool () is a district located in the Sanaag region of Puntland. Overview Hingalol is situated on the Hadeed Plateau of the Sanaag region. Hingalol was established in 1958. A small hamlet, it increased in size and population in t ...

, and Fiqifuliye and other areas along the border. According to the December 2003 survey, diseases such as

diarrhoea Diarrhea (American English), also spelled diarrhoea or diarrhœa (British English), is the condition of having at least three loose, liquid, or watery bowel movements in a day. It often lasts for a few days and can result in dehydration d ...

anaemia Anemia (also spelt anaemia in British English) is a blood disorder in which the blood has a reduced ability to carry oxygen. This can be due to a lower than normal number of red blood cells, a reduction in the amount of hemoglobin availab ...

, ARI and

malaria Malaria is a Mosquito-borne disease, mosquito-borne infectious disease that affects vertebrates and ''Anopheles'' mosquitoes. Human malaria causes Signs and symptoms, symptoms that typically include fever, Fatigue (medical), fatigue, vomitin ...

increased, especially in

Dhahar Dhahar is a town in the eastern Sanaag region, and the capital of the Dhahar District. Reuters reports Dhahar as a Puntland town in 2021, but also reports how it condemns President Puntland and supports President Somalia. Somali Broadcasting ...

, Shimbiraale, Sarmanyo, and Baraakta Qol. Sarmaanyo and other Sool villages have seen an increase in remittances from the

diaspora A diaspora ( ) is a population that is scattered across regions which are separate from its geographic place of birth, place of origin. The word is used in reference to people who identify with a specific geographic location, but currently resi ...

, up 36% in 2009 and 14% between 2009 and 2010. In October 2011, SomaliaReport reported that Sarmaanyo in Puntland is one of the most drought-stricken areas in the Sool region. On January 12, 2012, the

Khatumo State SSC-Khaatumo (), officially known as the SSC-Khaatumo State of Somalia (), is a federal member state in northern Somalia, with its capital in Las Anod. It includes parts of the Sool, Sanaag and Cayn regions (combined under the acronym "SSC") ...

was declared. Two days after this declaration, fighting broke out between Somaliland forces and Dhulbahante militias near

Buuhoodle Buuhoodle (, ), also known as Bohotle, serves as a significant border town for the movement of goods between Khatumo State, Khaatumo and the Somali Region of Ethiopia. The surrounding district is rich in livestock with growing agricultural activ ...

. Photos of casualties from this battle appeared on the Internet, leading to pro-Khatumo demonstrations in

Las Anod Las Anod (; ) is the administrative capital of the Sool region, currently controlled by Khatumo State forces aligned with Somalia. Territorial dispute The city is disputed by Puntland and Somaliland. The former bases its claim due to the kins ...

and Sarmaanyo. In 2013, one of the elders of the

clan

Garad Saleban Garad Mohamed Garad Saleban Garad Mohamed (Somali: Garaad Saleebaan Garaad Maxamed) was a Somali clan leader. He was the supreme Garad of the Mohamoud Garad and the second most senior traditional leader of the Dhulbahante clan. Overview Garad Salebaan was a p ...

held a meeting in Sarmaanyo to discuss the future of the Khatumo State and the Dhulbahante clan, attended by the Ugaadhyahaan clan, but talks were inconclusive and lasted several months. In December 2013, Garad Saleban Garad Mohamed and other Sarmaanyo elders called a halt to the fighting in the Taleh area. In July 2014, President Silanyo declared the combined area of

Taleh Taleh (, ) is a historical town in Sool region of Somalia. The town served as the capital of the pre-independence Dervish movement.Laurence, p.47. The Dalyare fort and the Taleh complex built between 1909 and 1910 are among the least disfigur ...

, Sarmaanyo, Halin, Carroolay, and Godaalo as the new Haysimo region. In January 2015, the local government of Sarmaanyo complained that the problems in the distribution of relief supplies were due to the management of the Puntland Agency for Humanitarian Affairs and Disaster Management (HADMA). In February 2016, following a large outbreak of

Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP) is a cause of major economic losses to goat producers in Africa, Asia and the Middle East. Disease is caused by members of the ''Mycoplasma'' – usually ''Mycoplasma capricolum'' subsp. ''capricolum'' b ...

and other livestock diseases in the Sool region, the Ministry of Livestock of Puntland conducted a treatment campaign. In May 2018, residents of Sarmaanyo demonstrated in support of the Puntland army and to the effect of freeing the Sool region from Somaliland's army. On December 6, 2018, the Puntland government approved a new administrative region for the combined districts of

, Godaalo, Carrooleey, and Sarmaanyo. In April 2019, Somaliland forces and pro-Somaliland militias occupied the Taleh district of the Sool region. The Khatum Army withdrew without fighting. In October 2019, a locust infestation occurred in the Hudun area, which includes Sarmaanyo. The mayor of Hudun enlisted the help of the Somaliland Army to exterminate them. In May 2020, the Somaliland government has built a new health center in the Sarmaanyo district.

Demographics

The town of Sarmaanyo is primarily inhabited by the Dhulbahante clan. Both

Naleye Ahmed The Mohamoud Garad (, , Full Name:'' ’Mohamoud Shirshore Habarwa Abdullah Muse Dhulbahante, Said Harti, Saleh Abdi Darod, Mohamed Abdirahman bin Isma'il al-Jabarti'' ) is a Somali clan. Its members form a part of the Dhulbahante, a sub-divisio ...

and Mohamoud Ugadhyahan sub-sections of the

Mohamoud Garad The Mohamoud Garad (, , Full Name:'' ’Mohamoud Shirshore Habarwa Abdullah Muse Said Saleh Abdi Mohamed Abdirahman bin Isma'il al-Jabarti'' ) is a Somali clan. Its members form a part of the Dhulbahante, a sub-division of the Harti/Darod clan ...

branch. The Abdi Mohamoud sublineage of the Mohamoud Ugadhyahan are well represented and holds the Garadate of Mohamoud Garad,

, who was born in this city.

References

{{Reflist

External links

Sarmaanyo
Populated places in Sool, Somaliland