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Sardinia Sardinia ( ; ; ) is the Mediterranean islands#By area, second-largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, after Sicily, and one of the Regions of Italy, twenty regions of Italy. It is located west of the Italian Peninsula, north of Tunisia an ...
is the literary production of Sardinian authors, as well as the literary production generally referring to Sardinia as an argument, written in various languages.


The beginnings

The existence and understanding of direct statements of the proto-Sardinian (pre-punic and pre-Latin) language or languages being hotly debated, the first written artifact from the island dates back to the Phoenician period with documents such as the Nora Stele or the trilingual inscription (Punic-Latin-Greek) from San Nicolò Gerrei. This last artifact symbolizes the passage of the island from a Punic cultural and linguistic influence to a
Roman Roman or Romans most often refers to: *Rome, the capital city of Italy *Ancient Rome, Roman civilization from 8th century BC to 5th century AD *Roman people, the people of Roman civilization *Epistle to the Romans, shortened to Romans, a letter w ...
one. The Carthaginians took control of Sardinia around the year 500 BC, and lost it in 238 BC after the
First Punic War The First Punic War (264–241 BC) was the first of three wars fought between Rome and Carthage, the two main powers of the western Mediterranean in the early 3rd century BC. For 23 years, in the longest continuous conflict and grea ...
. After that the new Roman province of Sardinia et Corsica established an almost exclusive use of written and spoken
Latin Latin ( or ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic languages, Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally spoken by the Latins (Italic tribe), Latins in Latium (now known as Lazio), the lower Tiber area aroun ...
for more than eight centuries, as a result of the linguistic Romanization of the entire island. After briefly being occupied by the
Vandals The Vandals were a Germanic people who were first reported in the written records as inhabitants of what is now Poland, during the period of the Roman Empire. Much later, in the fifth century, a group of Vandals led by kings established Vand ...
in approximately 456, it was again taken by the Romans in 534 AD, more precisely the Byzantine Romans from the East, who gradually introduced medieval Greek at all levels of society, while the common people continued to speak a Latin dialect which evolved, after some centuries, into medieval Sardinian Romance. In this period Latin still remained the language of religious culture as the Sardinian Church was strictly related to Rome, while Greek was the language of political power, that of the very far but mighty Emperor of Costantinople. The new millennium brought an attempted conquest by Muslims, which failed on account of the fleets of Pisa and Genua, but at the same time brought a new rapprochement to western Europe, as Byzantines were no longer able to defend the farthest part of their "οικουμένη" (
ecumene In ancient Greece, the term ''oecumene'' ( UK) or ''ecumene'' ( US; ) denoted the known, inhabited, or habitable world. In Greek antiquity, it referred to the portions of the world known to Hellenic geographers, subdivided into three continents ...
). Multilingualism, as we shall see, will always be a constant in the literary history of the island:
Punic The Punic people, usually known as the Carthaginians (and sometimes as Western Phoenicians), were a Semitic people who migrated from Phoenicia to the Western Mediterranean during the Early Iron Age. In modern scholarship, the term ''Punic'' ...
, Greek, Latin,
Byzantine Greek Medieval Greek (also known as Middle Greek, Byzantine Greek, or Romaic; Greek: ) is the stage of the Greek language between the end of classical antiquity in the 5th–6th centuries and the end of the Middle Ages, conventionally dated to the F ...
, medieval Latin, Sardinian and vernacular Tuscan, Catalan, Spanish, Sardo-Corsican, Italian, and even French were the languages which Sardinian authors used for two millennia. Of particular importance for the history and anthropology of Sardinia in Roman times, is the text of the table of Esterzili: "The find is of exceptional importance for the inscription of 27 lines with capital letters: it shows the decree by the Proconsul of Sardinia L. Elvio Agrippa March 18 69 A.D. – during the reign of the Emperor Otho – to settle a border between the populations of Patulcenses Campani and Galillenses that have repeatedly violated the limits. The proconsul in particular ordered that the Galillenses had to leave the lands occupied by force and warned them off keeping to rebel. The text ends with the names of the members of the acting council and with the seven witnesses signatures. The scientific value of the finding is having sent along with the names of two of the populations living in Roman Sardinia, a summary of the long dispute occurred between the end of the Republic and early Imperial Age (since the end of the second century. BC to the first century AD). The earliest record of an artistic literary production in Sardinia can be found in Latin and Greek carmina, carved in the limestone of the tomb-shrine of Atilia Pomptilla, in the necropolis of Tuvixeddu of
Cagliari Cagliari (, , ; ; ; Latin: ''Caralis'') is an Comune, Italian municipality and the capital and largest city of the island of Sardinia, an Regions of Italy#Autonomous regions with special statute, autonomous region of Italy. It has about 146,62 ...
. The most tender ode is written in Greek: ''From your ashes, Pomptilla, violets and lilies flourish and may you bloom again in the petals of the rose, of the fragrant crocus, of the eternal amaranth, and of the beautiful flowers of the white panzy, like the narcissus and the sad amaranth, also the time that will, always will have your flower. In fact, when already the spirit of Philip was about to melt from his limbs, and he had his soul on his lips, Pomptilla, leaning on his pale groom, Pontilla the life of him with hers exchanged. And the Gods broke a union so happy, for the sake of her sweet husband died Pontilla; now Philip is living against his will, always longing to be able to confuse soon his soul with that of the bride who loved him so much'' The
carmina The ''Odes'' () are a collection in four books of Latin lyric poems by Horace. The Horatian ode format and style has been emulated since by other poets. Books 1 to 3 were published in 23 BC. A fourth book, consisting of 15 poems, was published ...
in the Grotta della Vipera enshrine the beginning of the literary history of the island. From the late Roman period we have received the highly polemical writings of St. Lucifer from Cagliari, a staunch defender of Catholic orthodoxy against the Arian heresy. Other writings on theology have come to us from the Bishop Eusebius of Vercelli, born in Cagliari,Epistole Antiquorum patrum sermones et epistolae de Sancto Eusebio vercellensi et martire ex codice manuscripto veteri tabularii ecclesiae vercellensis periscorum item patium et aliorum authorum testimonia de eodem. Vita praeterea eiusdem..., Mediolani, 1581 and a contemporary of Lucifer.


The Middle Ages

Literary production was few throughout the Middle Ages: some hagiographic texts, in Latin, in prose and poetry, often extensively reworked in later centuries, have come down to us. Some of them have very ancient origins, perhaps dating back to the monastery and religious literature that was created in Cagliari around the figure of St. Fulgence of Ruspe at the time of his exile during the reign vandal Thrasamund. In this period were written in Cagliari some of the most precious and ancient codes of the time, like maybe the Codex Laudianus, containing one or perhaps the oldest one edition of the Acts of the Apostles, has come down and now preserved in the Bodleian Library at Oxford, and the Codex Basilianus, containing some of the works of St. Hilary of Poitiers, wrote in Cagliari, as a specified in a note in the manuscript and preserved in the Vatican Library. The Passions of the martyrs San Saturno, San Lussorio and San Gavino also come down as well as the hagiographic stories of Sant'Antioco and San Giorgio from Suelli. Characteristic of medieval Sardinia, in the eleventh century, was the early use of the
Sardinian language Sardinian or Sard ( , , , , or , ) is a Romance languages, Romance language spoken by the Sardinians on the Western Mediterranean island of Sardinia. The original character of the Sardinian language among the Romance idioms has long been know ...
in the acts of the Sardinian kings, records of monasteries or notary and in the legislation. For the history of the island, particular importance had the promulgation of the Carta de Logu of
Arborea Arborea is a town and ''comune'' in the province of Oristano, Sardinia, Italy, whose economy is largely based on agriculture and cattle breeding with production of vegetables, rice, fruit and milk (notably the local milk product Arborea). Histo ...
, a legal code which condensed the old common law especially for the countryside, to integrate of Roman laws (
Codex Justinianus The Code of Justinian (, or ) is one part of the ''Corpus Juris Civilis'', the codification of Roman law ordered early in the 6th century AD by Justinian I, who was Eastern Roman emperor in Constantinople. Two other units, the Digest and the I ...
) in force across Europe. The early use of vulgar Sardinian date back to the eleventh century: we can find it in the acts of donations of the "Judges" (kings) to various religious orders and in condaxis or condaghes that were administrative documents. Among the most important texts are the statutes of the Commune of Sassari, written in Latin and logudorese Sardinian in 1316. The document is divided into three parts: the first concerns the public law, civil law, the second and the third criminal law. This code was gradually adopted by many municipalities on the island. Other municipalities had their own statutes, as Cagliari and Iglesias, whose short of Villa di Chiesa was prepared in Tuscany. Also in the fourteenth century was promulgated by Mariano IV the Carta de Logu, which was the code of the laws of the State of the court of Arborea. The paper was subsequently updated and expanded by
Eleanor Eleanor () is a feminine given name, originally from an Old French adaptation of the Old Provençal name ''Aliénor''. It was the name of a number of women of royalty and nobility in western Europe during the High Middle Ages">Provençal dialect ...
, daughter of Mariano. This code of laws continues to be considered one of the most innovative and interesting of the XIII century. There is no literature in Sardinia for most of the Middle Ages. In Judicial era there are several documents in Sardinian typically consisting of records and legal documents, that consists of condaghi and different cartas de logu. A small medieval text in the history of the Sardinian judge of Torres, the Libellus Judicum Turritanorum constitutes the first historiographic text. The first literary work in Sardinian, now at the end of the Middle Ages, from the second half of the fifteenth century, however, published about a century later. It is a poem inspired by the life of the holy martyrs turritani by the Archbishop of Sassari Antonio Canu. This work is the only one before the second half of the sixteenth century. dit


Habsburg Sardinia

The final fall of East Roman Empire to the Turks (and their spread in the Balkan-Greek peninsula) in 1453, the expulsion of the Arab-Berber Muslims from the Iberian Peninsula, the geographical discoveries, culminated with the discovery of the New World, and, finally, the focus in one man, Charles V, of a vast empire, carry Europe and with it Sardinia in the modern age. The Sardinian authors of the sixteenth century as Antonio Lo Frasso, Sigismund Arquer, Giovanni Francesco Fara, Pedro Delitala will be multilingual, multicultural. While Lo Frasso writes his poems in Spanish, Catalan and Sardinian, Delitala choose to write in Italian or Tuscan, and Jeronimo Araolla writes in three languages. But by that time, the penetration of Castilian as a literary language knows no barriers and becomes overwhelmingly in the seventeenth century, while the non-fiction of the period use Latin as in the rest of Europe. In the seventeenth century there is a further integration with the Iberian world as demonstrated by the works of the Spanish speaking Sardinian poets Giuseppe Delitala y Castelvì and Jose Zatrillas, and historian Angelo Francesco de Vico, while those of Francesco Vidal.


18th and 19th centuries

In the eighteenth century, the outcome of the War of Spanish succession drew Sardinia away from the plurisecular Iberian orbit. The crown of the kingdom passed to the House of Savoy, and during the century the ideas of the Enlightenment spread, as well as an increasing of education and culture, owing to the public works and reform of Giovanni Battista Lorenzo Bogino, with the introduction of Italian as official language at the expense of Spanish and the native languages. In the second half of the eighteenth century a production of "gender" oratorio (mostly only in manuscript) takes shape in Sardinian who has the highest representative on the priest Giovanni Battista Zonchello Espada from Sedilo. The sacred oratory, for quality and quantity of production (also given to the press), will impose, however, only in the following century by Angelo Maria De Martis, Salvatore Cossu, Frassu Salvatore, Antonio Soggiu (founder of a school of oratory in Oristano) and Salvatore Carboni. In the first half of the twentieth century prose sacred Sardinian prosegurà with many authors such Eugenuo Sanna from Milis, Pietro Maria Cossu from Escovedu, Aurelio Puddu from Barumini, Efisio Marras from Allai and the priest novelist and writer Pietro Casu from Berchidda. In the 19th century modern science was introduced to Sardinia. Giovanni Spano undertook the first archaeological excavations, Giuseppe Manno wrote the first great general history of the island, Pasquale Tola published important documents of the past, Pietro Martini writes biographies of famous Sardinian, Alberto La Marmora runs through the island far and wide, studying in detail and writing a massive work in four parts entitled Voyage en Sardaigne, published in Paris. Production in Latin was so strong that even in 1837 the Piedmontese botanist Giuseppe Giacinto Moris, a professor at the
University of Cagliari The University of Cagliari () is a public research university in Cagliari, Sardinia, Italy. It was founded in 1606 and is organized in 11 faculties. History The ''Studium Generalis Kalaritanum'' was founded in 1606 along the lines of the old ...
, published his Flora sardoa, the first systematic study of the Sardinian flora, entirely in Latin. In the nineteenth century many travelers visit the city and island districts. Throughout the century, arriving in Sardinia
Alphonse de Lamartine Alphonse Marie Louis de Prat de Lamartine (; 21 October 179028 February 1869) was a French author, poet, and statesman. Initially a moderate royalist, he became one of the leading critics of the July Monarchy of Louis-Philippe, aligning more w ...
,
Honoré de Balzac Honoré de Balzac ( , more commonly ; ; born Honoré Balzac; 20 May 1799 – 18 August 1850) was a French novelist and playwright. The novel sequence ''La Comédie humaine'', which presents a panorama of post-Napoleonic French life, is ...
, Antonio Bresciani, Paolo Mantegazza and others. Between the 19th and the 20th centuries the birth of Sardinian Philology dates back, or the study on textual productions of the Romance languages historically spoken and written in Sardinia. The initiator of this philological and literary approach was Max Leopold Wagner and Giuliano Bonazzi for literary texts, as well as Enrico Besta and Arrigo Solmi were the initiators for official documents and historical legal texts. And in the twentieth century the contribution in the same vein of historical legal research was due to Alberto Boscolo and his school in the mid sixties. Among the writers of Sardinian literature of that century was Giuseppe Botero, who was not from the island of Sardinia, but originary from the Italian region of
Piedmont Piedmont ( ; ; ) is one of the 20 regions of Italy, located in the northwest Italy, Northwest of the country. It borders the Liguria region to the south, the Lombardy and Emilia-Romagna regions to the east, and the Aosta Valley region to the ...
. Among other works, Botero was the author of the novel ''Ricciarda o i Nurra e i Cabras'' (1854) (Riccarda or the Nurra and the Cabras), which refers to the frequent theme of love between young people belonging to families that hate each other, which is very liked by Sardinian novelists.


20th century

Also in the early twentieth century, Enrico Costa tells the stories of some of the legendary figures of the island. But it was the work of Grazia Deledda to raise awareness of Sardinia in the world, especially after the writer was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1926. An important contribution to literary culture came from
Antonio Gramsci Antonio Francesco Gramsci ( , ; ; 22 January 1891 – 27 April 1937) was an Italian Marxist philosophy, Marxist philosopher, Linguistics, linguist, journalist, writer, and politician. He wrote on philosophy, Political philosophy, political the ...
and
Emilio Lussu Emilio Lussu (4 December 1890 – 5 March 1975) was a Sardinian people, Sardinian and Italian writer, anti-fascist intellectual, military officer, Italian resistance movement, partisan, and politician. He is also the author of the novel ''One Yea ...
. Important anthropologists have written about Sardinia, the most recent: Ernesto de Martino, Mario Alberto Cirese, Giulio Angioni, Michelangelo Pira, Clara Gallini. After World War II emerged with figures such as Giuseppe Dessi, his novels including his ''Paese d'ombre'' (country of shadows). In more recent years the autobiographical novels of Gavino Ledda Padre padrone and
Salvatore Satta Salvatore Satta (9 August 1902 in Nuoro – 19 April 1975 in Rome) was an Italian jurist and writer. He is famous for the novel ''The Day of Judgment (novel), The Day of Judgment'' (orig. ) (1975), and for several important studies on civil law. ...
''Judgment Day'' had widely reported, in addition to works by Sergio Atzeni, Maria Giacobbe, Salvatore Mannuzzu, Giulio Angioni, Marcello Fois, Michela Murgia, Salvatore Niffoi, Bianca Pitzorno, Gianfranco Pintore and Flavio Soriga.


Campidanese Sardinian language comic theater

At the beginning of the twentieth century a locally successful line of authors of comic theater developed in the Campidanese Sardinian language. Based mostly on the funniness of the characters of the city of Cagliari at the time and of the Campidanese peasants and their difficulty in expressing themselves in Italian, it drew its roots which can already be glimpsed in the sixteenth-century works of Juan Francisco Carmona, from the accentuated difference between the city, provincial but inserted in the contemporary world and a good-natured and reserved rural environment. The trend, albeit with the exhaustion of the authors still has a large following of audiences in the theater and in comedy television broadcasts. The greatest authors were Emanuele Pilu, Efisio Vincenzo Nelis, Antonio Garau.


List of Sardinian writers and poets


Roman era

*Lucius Cassius Philippus wrote in Greek and Latin the ''Carmina'' of the Grotta della Vipera * Saint Lucifer bishop of Cagliari wrote in Latin * Eusebio Holy Bishop of Vercelli wrote in Latin.


Late middle ages

*
Hagiography A hagiography (; ) is a biography of a saint or an ecclesiastical leader, as well as, by extension, an adulatory and idealized biography of a preacher, priest, founder, saint, monk, nun or icon in any of the world's religions. Early Christian ...
of Saint George of
Suelli Suelli, Sueddi in sardinian language, is a ''comune'' (municipality) in the Province of South Sardinia in the Italian region Sardinia, located about north of Cagliari. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 1,179 and an area of .All demogr ...
, 11th century, written in Latin. *Constitution of the Republic of Sassari, written in Latin and Sardinian *Liber iudicum turritanorum, written in Sardinian *Antonio Cano, (Sassari, XV century) wrote in romance Sardinian. *Carta de Logu, written in Sardinian.


Modern age

* Gerolamo Araolla (Sassari, circa 1542 – before 1615) wrote in Sardinian and Spanish *Sigismondo Arquer (Cagliari, 1530 – Toledo, 1571) wrote in Latin and Spanish *Giovanni Francesco Fara (1542 – 1591) wrote in Latin * Antonio Lo Frasso (Alghero, about 1540 – about 1600), quoted by Miguel de Cervantes in Don Quixote, wrote in Spanish and Sardinian *Joan Dexart, wrote in Latin *Francesco Bellit wrote in Catalan *Antonio Canales de Vega wrote in Spanish *Francesco Aleo wrote in Spanish and Latin *Joan Thomas Porcell wrote in Spanish *Giorgio Aleo wrote in Spanish *Dimas Serpi wrote in Latin and Spanish *Antonio Maria da Esterzili (author of the first play in campidanese Sardinian) wrote in Sardinian *Roderigo Hunno Baeza, author of "Caralis panegyricus", a poem in Latin, with which he praised the city of Cagliari, composed around 1516 and written in Latin *Jacinto de Arnal Bolea (author of "El Forastero" the first novel set in Cagliari) wrote in Spanish *Juan Francisco Carmona wrote in Spanish and in Sardinian, author of the Hymno a Càller (Hymn to Cagliari) *Salvatore Vidal wrote in Latin and Spanish *Jose Delitala Y Castelvì wrote in Spanish * Joseph Zatrillas Vico wrote in Spanish * Vincenzo Bacallar Y Sanna, the Marquis of San Felipe Francesco Angelo de Vico, (Sassari, 1580 – Madrid, 1648), author of Historia General de la Isla y Reyno de Cerdeña, wrote in Latin, Spanish, French. *Antonio Maccioni *Gavino Pes said Don Baignu (1724 – 1795) wrote in Sardo-Corsican


From the 19th century to the World War I

*Francesco Ignazio Mannu (Ozieri, 1758 – Cagliari, 1839) wrote on '' Su patriottu sardu a sos feudatarios'' *
Melchiorre Murenu Melchiorre Murenu (Macomer 1803 – 1854) was a blind Sardinians, Sardinian poet.Melchiorre Murenu, "Tutte le Poesie", Edizioni della Torre, 1990. Melchiorre Murenu is known as the "Homer of Sardinia"Paola Pittalis, Storia della letteratura in S ...
(Macon, 1803 – 1854) wrote in Sardinian *Paolo Mossa (Bonorva 1821 to 1892) * Giovanni Spano (Ploaghe 1803, Cagliari 1878) *Giovanni Maria Asara (Pattada, 1823 – 1907) *Enrico Costa (Sassari, 1841 – 1909) * Salvatore Farina (Sorso, 1846 – Milan, 1918) *Pompeo Calvia (Sassari, 1857 – 1921) * Gavino Contini (
Siligo Siligo is a ''comune'' (municipality) in the region of Logudoro - Meilogu in the Province of Sassari in the Italy, Italian region Sardinia, located about north of Cagliari and about southeast of Sassari. Siligo borders the following municipalit ...
, 1865 – 1915) *Sebastiano Satta (Nuoro, 1867 – 1914) * Grazia Deledda (Nuoro, 1871 – Rome, 1936), Nobel Prize for Literature in 1926


Post World War I times and nowadays

*Ottone Baccaredda (Cagliari,1849–Cagliari,1921), mayor of Cagliari * Gaetano Canelles (Cagliari 1876–1942), *Peppino Mereu (Tonara, 1872 – 1901) *Antioco Casula said Montanaru (Desulo, 1878 – 1957) *Francesco Cucca (Nuoro, 1882 – Naples, 1947) *
Emilio Lussu Emilio Lussu (4 December 1890 – 5 March 1975) was a Sardinian people, Sardinian and Italian writer, anti-fascist intellectual, military officer, Italian resistance movement, partisan, and politician. He is also the author of the novel ''One Yea ...
(Armungia, 1890 – Rome, 1975 *Emanuele Pili (Villaputzu 1880 -?) Campidanese Sardinian language theater author *Efisio Vincenzo Melis (Guamaggiore 1889–1921) Campidanese Sardinian language theater author *
Antonio Gramsci Antonio Francesco Gramsci ( , ; ; 22 January 1891 – 27 April 1937) was an Italian Marxist philosophy, Marxist philosopher, Linguistics, linguist, journalist, writer, and politician. He wrote on philosophy, Political philosophy, political the ...
(Ales,1891 – Rome, 1937) *Barore Sassu (Banari, 1891 – 1976) *Salvatore Cambosu (Orotelli, 1895 – Nuoro, 1962) * Gonario Pinna (Nuoro, 1898 – 1991) *
Salvatore Satta Salvatore Satta (9 August 1902 in Nuoro – 19 April 1975 in Rome) was an Italian jurist and writer. He is famous for the novel ''The Day of Judgment (novel), The Day of Judgment'' (orig. ) (1975), and for several important studies on civil law. ...
(Nuoro, 1902 – Rome, 1975) *Remundu Piras (Villanova Monteleone, 1905 – 1978) *Antonio Garau (1907-1988) Campidanese Sardinian language theater author * Giuseppe Dessi (Cagliari, 1909 – Milan, 1977) *Francesco Masala (Nughedu St. Nicholas, 1916 – Cagliari, 2007) *Giuseppe Fiori (Silanus, 1923 – Rome, 2003) *Michelangelo said Mialinu Pira (Bitti, 1928 – Marina di Capitana, 1980) *Giuseppe Mercurio (Orosei, 1919 – 1994) *Maria Giacobbe (Nuoro, 1928) * Lina Unali (Rome, 1936) * Gavino Ledda (Siligo, 1938) *Gianfranco Pintore (Irgoli 1939) *Bianca Pitzorno (Sassari, 1942) *
Salvatore Mannuzzu Salvatore Mannuzzu (7 March 1930 – 10 September 2019) was an Italian writer, politician, and magistrate. Life Mannuzzu was born in Pitigliano. He was a magistrate until 1976 and a member of the Italian Parliament until 1987. He is considered ...
(Pitigliano,1930) *Nanni Falconi (Pattada,1950) *
Sergio Atzeni Sergio Atzeni (14 October 1952 in Capoterra – 6 September 1995 in Carloforte) was an Italian writer. Life and career Born in Capoterra, southern Sardinia, Atzeni lived in Orgosolo during his childhood until he moved to Cagliari where, as a ...
(Capoterra, 1952 – Carloforte, 1995)


Sardinian Literary Spring Sardinian Literary Spring is a definition of the whole body of the literature produced in Sardinia from around the 1980s onwards. History About the denomination Sardinian Literary Spring, also known as Sardinian Literary Nouvelle Vague, is a de ...

*
Giulio Angioni Giulio Angioni (28 October 1939 – 12 January 2017) was an Italian writer and anthropologist. Biography Angioni was a leading Italian anthropologist, professor at the University of Cagliari and fellow of St Antony's College of the University o ...
(Guasila 1939 – 2017) * Salvatore Niffoi (Orani, 1950) * Alberto Capitta (Sassari 1954)) *Marcello Fois (Nuoro 1960) * Michela Murgia (Cabras 1972 – Rome 2023) * Flavio Soriga (Uta, 1975) *Giorgio Todde * Milena Agus *Francesco Abate (Cagliari 1964)


See also

*
Sardinia Sardinia ( ; ; ) is the Mediterranean islands#By area, second-largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, after Sicily, and one of the Regions of Italy, twenty regions of Italy. It is located west of the Italian Peninsula, north of Tunisia an ...
*
Sardinian Literary Spring Sardinian Literary Spring is a definition of the whole body of the literature produced in Sardinia from around the 1980s onwards. History About the denomination Sardinian Literary Spring, also known as Sardinian Literary Nouvelle Vague, is a de ...
* List of Sardinians *
Sardinian language Sardinian or Sard ( , , , , or , ) is a Romance languages, Romance language spoken by the Sardinians on the Western Mediterranean island of Sardinia. The original character of the Sardinian language among the Romance idioms has long been know ...
,
Gallurese Gallurese () is a Romance languages, Romance dialect of the Italo-Dalmatian languages, Italo-Dalmatian family spoken in the region of Gallura, northeastern Sardinia. Gallurese is variously described as a distinct southern dialect of Corsican lang ...
, Sassarese, Algherese,
Tabarchino Tabarchino is a dialect of the Ligurian language spoken in Sardinia. Tabarchino is spoken in the communities of Carloforte on San Pietro Island and Calasetta on Sant'Antioco Island, which are located in the Archipelago of Sulcis in the Pro ...


References


Bibliography

*Giovanni Lupinu, Latino epigrafico della Sardegna, Ilisso, Nuoro, 2000. *Paolo Maninchedda, Medioevo Latino e volgare in Sardegna, CUEC/SFT, Cagliari, 2007. *Max Leopold Wagner, La lingua sarda. Storia, spirito e forma, Bern, 1950 ra a cura di G. Paulis, Nuoro, 1997 *Francesco Alziator, Storia della letteratura di Sardegna, Cagliari, 1954. *Giuseppe Dessì – Nicola Tanda, Narratori di Sardegna, Milano, Mursia, 1973. *Nicola Tanda, Letteratura e lingue in Sardegna, Cagliari, Edes, 1984. *Giovanni Pirodda, La Sardegna, Brescia, Editrice La scuola, 1992. *Andrea Deplano, Rimas. Suoni versi strutture della poesia tradizionale sarda, Cagliari, 1997. *Nicola Tanda – Dino Manca, Il sistema letterario sardo, in Introduzione alla letteratura, Cagliari, Centro di Studi Filologici Sardi / CUEC, 2005, pp. 279–320. *Giuseppe Marci, In presenza di tutte le lingue del mondo. Letteratura sarda, Cagliari, Centro di studi Filologici Sardi / Cuec, 2005. *Dino Manca, Il tempo e la memoria, Roma, Aracne, 2006 *Giancarlo Porcu, Régula castigliana. Poesia sarda e metrica spagnola dal '500 al '700, Nuoro, 2008. *Gianni Atzori – Gigi Sanna, Sardegna. Lingua Comunicazione Letteratura, Castello Cagliari, 1995-1998 (2 voll.). *Gigi Sanna, Pulpito politica e letteratura, Predica e predicatori in lingua sarda, S'Alvure 2002. *Gigi Sanna (a cura di), " Efisio Marras, Preigas", Ed. Nuove Grafiche Puddu 2010 *Salvatore Tola, La letteratura in lingua sarda. Testi, autori, vicende, CUEC Cagliari 2006. *Dino Manca, La comunicazione linguistica e letteraria dei Sardi: dal Medioevo alla "fusione perfetta", in "Bollettino di Studi Sardi", IV, 4 (2011), Centro di Studi Filologici Sardi, Cagliari, Cuec, 2011, pp. 49–75. *Giulio Angioni, Cartas de logu: scrittori sardi allo specchio, Cagliari, CUEC, 2007. *Francesco Casula. Letteratura e civiltà della Sardegna, vol.I, Grafica del Parteolla, 2011. *Bibliografia sarda / Raffaele Ciasca. – Roma : Collezione meridionale. – v. ; 22 cm. Sotto gli auspici della R. Università degli studi di Cagliari. *Arce Joaquin, España en Cerdeña : aportacion cultural y testimonios de su influjo, Madrid : Consejo superior de investigaciones cientificas, Instituto Jeronimo Zurita, 1960.


External links

*
Dettori, Giovanni (2019). ''Regional Identity in Contemporary Sardinian Writing'', EuropeNow, Council for European Studies (CES)
{{Authority control European literature Sardinian language