''Sardinella'' is a
genus
Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...
of
fish
A fish (: fish or fishes) is an aquatic animal, aquatic, Anamniotes, anamniotic, gill-bearing vertebrate animal with swimming fish fin, fins and craniate, a hard skull, but lacking limb (anatomy), limbs with digit (anatomy), digits. Fish can ...
in the
family
Family (from ) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. Ideally, families offer predictabili ...
Dorosomatidae
Dorosomatidae is a family of clupeiform fishes. It is now recognized by FishBase as a family in its own right; it had been considered to be a subfamily of Clupeidae. It contains 31 extant
Extant or Least-concern species, least concern is ...
found in the
Atlantic
The Atlantic Ocean is the second largest of the world's five oceanic divisions, with an area of about . It covers approximately 17% of Earth's surface and about 24% of its water surface area. During the Age of Discovery, it was known for se ...
,
Indian and
Pacific Ocean
The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest of Earth's five Borders of the oceans, oceanic divisions. It extends from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Southern Ocean, or, depending on the definition, to Antarctica in the south, and is ...
s. They are abundant in warmer waters of the
tropical
The tropics are the regions of Earth surrounding the equator, where the sun may shine directly overhead. This contrasts with the temperate or polar regions of Earth, where the Sun can never be directly overhead. This is because of Earth's ax ...
and
subtropical
The subtropical zones or subtropics are geographical zone, geographical and Köppen climate classification, climate zones immediately to the Northern Hemisphere, north and Southern Hemisphere, south of the tropics. Geographically part of the Ge ...
oceans. Adults are generally coastal,
schooling,
marine fish but juveniles are often found in
lagoon
A lagoon is a shallow body of water separated from a larger body of water by a narrow landform, such as reefs, barrier islands, barrier peninsulas, or isthmuses. Lagoons are commonly divided into ''coastal lagoons'' (or ''barrier lagoons'') an ...
s and
estuaries
An estuary is a partially enclosed coastal body of brackish water with one or more rivers or streams flowing into it, and with a free connection to the open sea. Estuaries form a transition zone between river environments and maritime environm ...
.
These
species
A species () is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. It is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), ...
are distinguished by their ranges and by specific body features, but they are often confused with one another. Fish of the genus have seven to 14 striped markings along the
scales
Scale or scales may refer to:
Mathematics
* Scale (descriptive set theory), an object defined on a set of points
* Scale (ratio), the ratio of a linear dimension of a model to the corresponding dimension of the original
* Scale factor, a number ...
of the top of the head. The paddle-shaped
supramaxilla bones are characteristic; they separate ''Sardinella'' from other genera and their shapes help distinguish species. They have paired predorsal scales and enlarged
fin rays.
Species
There are currently 27 recognized species in this genus:
[
* '' Sardinella albella'' (]Valenciennes
Valenciennes (, also , , ; ; or ; ) is a communes of France, commune in the Nord (French department), Nord Departments of France, department, Hauts-de-France, France.
It lies on the Scheldt () river. Although the city and region experienced ...
, 1847) (White sardinella)
* '' Sardinella alcyone'' Hata & Motomura, 2019 (Blueback sardinella)
* '' Sardinella atricauda'' ( Günther, 1868) (Bleeker's blacktip sardinella)
* '' Sardinella aurita'' Valenciennes, 1847 (Round sardinella)
* '' Sardinella brachysoma'' Bleeker, 1852 (Deep-body sardinella)
* '' Sardinella brasiliensis'' ( Steindachner, 1879) (Brazilian sardinella)
* '' Sardinella dayi'' Regan, 1917 (Day's sardinella)
* '' Sardinella electra'' Hata & Motomura, 2019Stern
The stern is the back or aft-most part of a ship or boat, technically defined as the area built up over the sternpost, extending upwards from the counter rail to the taffrail. The stern lies opposite the bow, the foremost part of a ship. O ...
, Rinkevich & Goren, 2016 (Gon's sardinella) Berry
A berry is a small, pulpy, and often edible fruit. Typically, berries are juicy, rounded, brightly colored, sweet, sour or tart, and do not have a stone or pit although many pips or seeds may be present. Common examples of berries in the cul ...
& Whitehead, 1968 (Marquesan sardinella)
* '' Sardinella melanura'' ( G. Cuvier, 1829) (Black-tip sardinella)
* '' Sardinella neglecta'' Wongratana, 1983 (East African sardinella)
* '' Sardinella pacifica'' Hata & Motomura, 2019 Poll
Poll, polled, or polling may refer to:
Forms of voting and counting
* Poll, a formal election
** Election verification exit poll, a survey taken to verify election counts
** Polling, voting to make decisions or determine opinions
** Polling pla ...
, 1953) (Yellow-tail sardinella)
* '' Sardinella sindensis'' ( F. Day, 1878) (Sind sardinella)
* '' Sardinella tawilis'' ( Herre, 1927) (Fresh-water sardinella)
* '' Sardinella ventura'' Hata & Motomura, 2021 (Fortune sardinella)
* '' Sardinella zunasi'' (Bleeker, 1854) (Japanese sardinella)
References
{{Authority control
Dorosomatidae
Extant Eocene first appearances
Marine fish genera
Taxa named by Achille Valenciennes