Sarazi or Sirazi (also spelled Siraji) is an
Indo-Aryan language
The Indo-Aryan languages, or sometimes Indic languages, are a branch of the Indo-Iranian languages in the Indo-European language family. As of 2024, there are more than 1.5 billion speakers, primarily concentrated east of the Indus river in Ba ...
spoken in the
Saraz region
Saraz or Siraj is a hilly region in the eastern part of the Jammu division of Jammu and Kashmir in northern India. Historically a '' pargana'' within the erstwhile state of Kishtwar, the region currently takes up the northern half of Doda dis ...
of the
Jammu division
The Jammu division (; ) is a Divisions of India, revenue and administrative division of the Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir (union territory), Jammu and Kashmir in the disputed Kashmir region.The application of the term "administered" to t ...
of
Jammu and Kashmir,
India
India, officially the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, seventh-largest country by area; the List of countries by population (United Nations), most populous country since ...
. It is native to the
Saraz region
Saraz or Siraj is a hilly region in the eastern part of the Jammu division of Jammu and Kashmir in northern India. Historically a '' pargana'' within the erstwhile state of Kishtwar, the region currently takes up the northern half of Doda dis ...
, a hilly area taking up the northern half of
Doda district and parts of neighbouring
Ramban and
Kishtwar districts.
Sarazi is spoken as a first language by people (as of 2001), primarily Hindus, but it is also used as a
lingua franca
A lingua franca (; ; for plurals see ), also known as a bridge language, common language, trade language, auxiliary language, link language or language of wider communication (LWC), is a Natural language, language systematically used to make co ...
of the Saraz region and so is also spoken as a second language by Muslims, who are native speakers of
Kashmiri.
Sarazi has similarities to the neighbouring
Western Pahari languages
The Western Pahari languages are a range of languages and dialects of Northern Indo-Aryan languages spoken in the western parts of the Himalayan range, primarily in the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh. They are also spoken in Jammu and Jaunsar ...
like
Bhaderwahi, though it is nowadays most often classified with the latter. Various local names for the language, which may represent distinct dialects, include ''Bhagwali'', ''Deswali'', and ''Korarwali''.
Sarazi is not often used in writing, but when written, the default choice for a script falls on
Perso-Arabic
The Persian alphabet (), also known as the Perso-Arabic script, is the right-to-left script, right-to-left alphabet used for the Persian language. It is a variation of the Arabic script with four additional letters: (the sounds 'g', 'zh', ' ...
. The Latin script is also common, whereas
Devanagari
Devanagari ( ; in script: , , ) is an Indic script used in the Indian subcontinent. It is a left-to-right abugida (a type of segmental Writing systems#Segmental systems: alphabets, writing system), based on the ancient ''Brāhmī script, Brā ...
and the historical
Takri script
The Tākri script (Takri ( Chamba): ; Takri (Jammu/Dogra): ; sometimes called Tankri ) is an abugida writing system of the Brahmic family of scripts. It is derived from the Sharada script formerly employed for Kashmiri. It is the sister scrip ...
are encountered occasionally.
Classification
In the early 20th century,
G.A. Grierson observed the similarities with both Kashmiri and with Western Pahari languages, and while noting that Sarazi can almost equally well be classified with either of the two, nonetheless opted to treat it as a dialect of Kashmiri on the basis of shared features in the verbal paradigm and elsewhere.
Although Sarazi is still sometimes perceived as a Kashmiri dialect, recent studies have generally placed it as a member of the Western Pahari group. This further corresponds with the speakers' own perceptions, who do not see their language as related to Kashmiri, and who consider themselves Pahari rather than Kashmiri.
An alternative proposal has seen the language as intermediate between the two groups but independent of either.
[This is the proposal by , according to whom the characteristics of Dardic and Pahari "have so deeply penetrated the grammatical structure of the dialect that it must be called as fundamentally Dardo-Pahāṛī". This was criticised by .] It has also been conjectured that the language could have originally arisen as a
creole.
Notable events
Indian Prime Minister
Narendra Modi
Narendra Damodardas Modi (born 17 September 1950) is an Indian politician who has served as the Prime Minister of India, prime minister of India since 2014. Modi was the chief minister of Gujarat from 2001 to 2014 and is the Member of Par ...
on his visit to Saraz region also conversed in Sarazi with regional population.
His words were "ku haal cho?"
which translates to "how are you?" in English.
A daily news headlines program is broadcast by a
news outlet
The news media or news industry are forms of mass media that focus on delivering news to the general public. These include news agencies, newspapers, news magazines, news channels etc.
History
Some of the first news circulations occurred in ...
The Chenab Times in the Sarazi and
Bhadarwahi languages to promote them.
See also
*Farid Ahmed Naik, first Sarazi language news reporter
References
Bibliography
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{{Indo-Aryan languages
Indo-Aryan languages
Languages of Jammu and Kashmir
Endangered languages of India
Languages written in Devanagari