Sangeang Api (Gunung Api or Gunung Sangeang) is an active

complex volcano A complex volcano, also called a compound volcano or a volcanic complex, is a mixed landform consisting of related volcanic centers and their associated lava flows and pyroclastic rock. They may form due to changes in eruptive habit or in ...

on the island of Sangeang in

Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guine ...

. It consists of two volcanic cones, Doro Api and Doro Mantoi. Sangeang Api is one of the most active volcanoes in the

Lesser Sunda Islands The Lesser Sunda Islands or nowadays known as Nusa Tenggara Islands ( id, Kepulauan Nusa Tenggara, formerly ) are an archipelago in Maritime Southeast Asia, north of Australia. Together with the Greater Sunda Islands to the west they make u ...

. It erupted in 1988 and the island's inhabitants were evacuated. Between its first recorded eruption in 1512 and 1989 it erupted 17 times. It erupted again during December 2012 and May 2014. The island of Sangeang is part of the

. It is located northeast of

Sumbawa Sumbawa is an Indonesian island, located in the middle of the Lesser Sunda Islands chain, with Lombok to the west, Flores to the east, and Sumba further to the southeast. Along with Lombok, it forms the province of West Nusa Tenggara, but there ...

in the

Flores Sea The Flores Sea covers of water in Indonesia. The sea is bounded on the north by the island of Celebes and on the south by Sunda Islands of Flores and Sumbawa. Geography The seas that border the Flores Sea are the Bali Sea (to the west), Ja ...

, and is 13 km wide with an area of 153 km².

The earliest document mentioning about the Sang Hyang Api volcano was found in 14th century

Majapahit Majapahit ( jv, ꦩꦗꦥꦲꦶꦠ꧀; ), also known as Wilwatikta ( jv, ꦮꦶꦭ꧀ꦮꦠꦶꦏ꧀ꦠ; ), was a Javanese Hindu-Buddhist thalassocratic empire in Southeast Asia that was based on the island of Java (in modern-day Indonesi ...

script of

Nagarakretagama The ''Nagarakretagama'' or ''Nagarakṛtāgama'', also known as ''Desawarnana'' or ''Deśavarṇana'', is an Old Javanese eulogy to Hayam Wuruk, a Javanese king of the Majapahit Empire. It was written on lontar as a '' kakawin'' by Mpu Pr ...

. "Gunung Api" also appears as the name for the mountain in the first chapter of the novel '' The Long Journey'' by Johannes V. Jensen.

2014 Eruption

Since mid-June 2013, authorities had put the volcano on 'high alert' for a possible eruption. On May 30, 2014, a major eruption occurred at around 3:55 p.m. local time. Farmers working on the island were evacuated. Ash and smoke quickly rose to an altitude 15–20 km (≈10–16 miles) into the sky. By the next morning, the ash cloud had crossed the north-west coast of Australia in the Kimberley region, and airlines had cancelled flights into and from

Darwin, Northern Territory Darwin ( ; Larrakia: ) is the capital city of the Northern Territory, Australia. With an estimated population of 147,255 as of 2019, the city contains the majority of the residents of the sparsely populated Northern Territory. It is the small ...

. It later went as far as

Alice Springs Alice Springs ( aer, Mparntwe) is the third-largest town in the Northern Territory of Australia. Known as Stuart until 31 August 1933, the name Alice Springs was given by surveyor William Whitfield Mills after Alice, Lady Todd (''née'' Al ...

in the

Northern Territory The Northern Territory (commonly abbreviated as NT; formally the Northern Territory of Australia) is an Australian territory in the central and central northern regions of Australia. The Northern Territory shares its borders with Western Au ...

. On 31 May some flights from

Melbourne Melbourne ( ; Boonwurrung/ Woiwurrung: ''Narrm'' or ''Naarm'') is the capital and most populous city of the Australian state of Victoria, and the second-most populous city in both Australia and Oceania. Its name generally refers to a me ...

and

Adelaide Adelaide ( ) is the list of Australian capital cities, capital city of South Australia, the state's largest city and the list of cities in Australia by population, fifth-most populous city in Australia. "Adelaide" may refer to either Greater A ...

Bali Bali () is a province of Indonesia and the westernmost of the Lesser Sunda Islands. East of Java and west of Lombok, the province includes the island of Bali and a few smaller neighbouring islands, notably Nusa Penida, Nusa Lembongan, and Nu ...

were also cancelled.

Climate

Sangeang Api has a

subtropical highland climate An oceanic climate, also known as a marine climate, is the humid temperate climate sub-type in Köppen classification ''Cfb'', typical of west coasts in higher middle latitudes of continents, generally featuring cool summers and mild winters ...

(Cfb). It has moderate rainfall from June to September and heavy to extremely heavy rainfall in the remaining months.

References

{{Reflist, refs= {{cite web , title=Volcano Mount Sangiang Api erupts in Indonesia, farmers evacuated , url=http://news.biharprabha.com/2014/05/volcano-mount-sangiang-erupts-in-indonesia-farmers-evacuated/ , work=IANS , date=30 May 2014 , publisher=news.biharprabha.com , accessdate=30 May 2014 {{cite book , title = Global Volcanism 1975-1985 , author = Smithsonian Institution / SEAN , author-link = Global Volcanism Program , editor = Lindsay McClelland , editor2 = Tom Simkin , editor3 = Marjorie Summers , editor4 = Elizabeth Nielsen , editor5 = Thomas C Stein , year = 1989 , publisher = Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs NJ, and American Geophysical Union, Washington DC , isbn = 0-13-357203-X , pages
217–219
, url = https://archive.org/details/globalvolcanism10000unse/page/217 {{cite book , last=Monk , first=K.A. , author2=Fretes, Y. , author3=Reksodiharjo-Lilley, G. , title=The Ecology of Nusa Tenggara and Maluku , year=1996 , page=7 , publisher=Periplus Editions Ltd. , location=Hong Kong , isbn=962-593-076-0 {{cite web , title=Ash grounds flights to Darwin, Bali , url=http://www.sbs.com.au/news/article/2014/05/31/ash-grounds-flights-darwin-bali , publisher=www.sbs.com.au , accessdate=1 June 2014

External links

* NASA Space Shuttle images: *
STS112-E-5628
Directly from above volcano. *
STS61A-40-62
Volcanoes of the Lesser Sunda Islands Complex volcanoes Mountains of Indonesia Active volcanoes of Indonesia Lesser Sunda Islands 21st-century volcanic events