Sander Rang or Paul Charles Leonard Alexander Rang (28 June 1793 – 16 June 1844) was a French

conchologist Conchology, from Ancient Greek κόγχος (''kónkhos''), meaning "cockle (bivalve), cockle", and -logy from λόγος (''lógos''), meaning "study", is the study of mollusc shells. Conchology is one aspect of malacology, the study of mollus ...

and interpreter of Arabic texts. In 1816, he was one of the survivors of the sinking of the frigate ''

Medusa In Greek mythology, Medusa (; ), also called Gorgo () or the Gorgon, was one of the three Gorgons. Medusa is generally described as a woman with living snakes in place of hair; her appearance was so hideous that anyone who looked upon her wa ...

'', on which he was an

ensign Ensign most often refers to: * Ensign (flag), a flag flown on a vessel to indicate nationality * Ensign (rank), a navy (and former army) officer rank Ensign or The Ensign may also refer to: Places * Ensign, Alberta, Alberta, Canada * Ensign, Ka ...

. He spent a good part of his life in

La Rochelle La Rochelle (, , ; Poitevin-Saintongeais: ''La Rochéle'') is a city on the west coast of France and a seaport on the Bay of Biscay, a part of the Atlantic Ocean. It is the capital of the Charente-Maritime Departments of France, department. Wi ...

, where he published his early zoological observations, in particular in the bulletins of the Society of Natural Sciences of Charente-Maritimes.In 1841 Rang was one of the founding members of the Société des Amis des Arts now the Musée des Beaux-Arts de La Rochelle.He specialised in marine fauna notably in sea hares,

cephalopods A cephalopod is any member of the molluscan Taxonomic rank, class Cephalopoda (Greek language, Greek plural , ; "head-feet") such as a squid, octopus, cuttlefish, or nautilus. These exclusively marine animals are characterized by bilateral symm ...

and other molluscs and on the heterogenous group known as zoophytes. Sander Rang described many new mollusc species including the sea hares '' Aplysia dactylomela'', '' Dolabrifera dolabrifera'', the cuttlefish '' Sepia hierredda'' and the land snails '' Striosubulina striatella'', '' Pleurodonte desidens'' and '' Opeas hannense''.

Biography

Sander Rang was born on 28 June 1793 in

Utrecht Utrecht ( ; ; ) is the List of cities in the Netherlands by province, fourth-largest city of the Netherlands, as well as the capital and the most populous city of the Provinces of the Netherlands, province of Utrecht (province), Utrecht. The ...

. He was born into a family of Protestant bourgeoisie (people with private wealth, an upper class social status, and its related culture) from

Vivarais Vivarais (; ; {{cite web , url=http://www.columbia.edu/acis/ets/Graesse/orblatv.html , title = ORBIS LATINUS - Letter V) is a traditional region in the south-east of France, covering the ''département'' of Ardèche, named after its capital Vivier ...

. His grandfather was Alexandre Rang des Adrets (1722–1792) a pastor from Crest, in the

Drôme Drôme (; Occitan: ''Droma''; Arpitan: ''Drôma'') is the southernmost department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region of Southeastern France. Named after the river Drôme, it had a population of 516,762 as of 2019.

. His father, Jean-Alexandre Rang des Adrets (1757–1824) also a pastor, went into exile in Utrecht. Later he settled in La Rochelle. Sander Rang was born in Utrecht in 1793. He spent a good part of his life in La Rochelle.In 1816, aged 23, he enlisted on ''La Méduse'' a frigate ferrying French officials to the port of Saint-Louis, in Senegal. Ineptly commanded, ''La Méduse'' struck the Bank of Arguin off the coast of present-day Mauritania and became a total loss. Sander Rang was on the captain's boat and not on the ill-fated raft. His manuscript account of these events was published in 1946. By then a Chevalier de la

Légion d'Honneur The National Order of the Legion of Honour ( ), formerly the Imperial Order of the Legion of Honour (), is the highest and most prestigious French national order of merit, both military and Civil society, civil. Currently consisting of five cl ...

, he married Perrine Esther Agathe Louise Cassen-Vaucorbeil (1805–1884) (best known as Louise Rang-Rabut) at Île-de-France in 1827. She was a painter taught by

Eugène Delacroix Ferdinand Victor Eugène Delacroix ( ; ; 26 April 1798 – 13 August 1863) was a French people, French Romanticism, Romantic artist who was regarded as the leader of the French Romantic school.Noon, Patrick, et al., ''Crossing the Channel: ...

and the couple participated in all the

cultural activities Culture ( ) is a concept that encompasses the social behavior, institutions, and norms found in human societies, as well as the knowledge, beliefs, arts, laws, customs, capabilities, attitudes, and habits of the individuals in these groups ...

of La Rochelle. On 4 October 1829 he left the naval port of

Toulon Toulon (, , ; , , ) is a city in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region of southeastern France. Located on the French Riviera and the historical Provence, it is the prefecture of the Var (department), Var department. The Commune of Toulon h ...

commanding the naval

brig A brig is a type of sailing vessel defined by its rig: two masts which are both square rig, square-rigged. Brigs originated in the second half of the 18th century and were a common type of smaller merchant vessel or warship from then until the l ...

(brick de L'Etat) ''La Champenoise'' embarked for first Almeria, then

Gorée (; "Gorée Island"; ) is one of the 19 (i.e. districts) of the city of Dakar, Senegal. It is an island located at sea from the main harbour of Dakar (), famous as a destination for people interested in the Atlantic slave trade. Its populatio ...

and the

Senegal Senegal, officially the Republic of Senegal, is the westernmost country in West Africa, situated on the Atlantic Ocean coastline. It borders Mauritania to Mauritania–Senegal border, the north, Mali to Mali–Senegal border, the east, Guinea t ...

coast then Ile de prince then to

Brazil Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest country in South America. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by area, fifth-largest country by area and the List of countries and dependencies by population ...

. At the time such voyages were a part of the expansion of the French colonial empire but Rang's naval duties allowed sufficient time to collect molluscs. Promoted to the rank of Captain 1st Class of corvette, he left La Rochelle and became captain of the port of

Algiers Algiers is the capital city of Algeria as well as the capital of the Algiers Province; it extends over many Communes of Algeria, communes without having its own separate governing body. With 2,988,145 residents in 2008Census 14 April 2008: Offi ...

in 1834. In 1837 he has the rank Officieur superiéure au Corps royal de la Marines and he was appointed administrator (superior commander) of

Mayotte Mayotte ( ; , ; , ; , ), officially the Department of Mayotte (), is an Overseas France, overseas Overseas departments and regions of France, department and region and single territorial collectivity of France. It is one of the Overseas departm ...

in 1842. He died of a fever in Mayotte on 16 June 1844. His wife married a banker in La Rochelle, Théophile Babut a year later.

Societies

*Society of Natural Sciences of Charente-Maritimes *Corresponding Member Société d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris from 1825 *Société linnéenne de Bordeaux

Publications

partial list *M. Rang, 1825 Description d’un genre nouveau de la classe des Ptéropodes et de deux espèces nouvelles du genre ''Clio'' ''Annales des sciences naturelles'', Paris, Éd. Béchet jeune, vol. 5, 1825, p. 283-28
online BNF
*Alexandre Rang and

Charles des Moulins Charles Des Moulins, full name Charles Robert Alexandre Des Moulins (13 March 1798 – 23 December 1875) was a French naturalist, a botanist and malacologist. He was a member of several learned societies, including the American Philosophical ...

, 1828 ''Description de trois genres nouveaux de coquilles fossiles du terrain tertiaire de Bordeaux, savoir : Spiricella, Gratelupia et Jouannetia'' (avec la collab. de Charles Des Moulins), Bordeaux, Impr. de R. Laguillotière, 1828, 31 p
online
— Extrait du ''Bulletin d’histoire naturelle de la Société linnéenne de Bordeaux'', tome 2, 6e livraison, 23 décembre 1828. *M. Rang, 1827 Description d’une espèce d’Hyale à l’état fossile '' Mémoires de la Société d’histoire naturelle de Paris'', Paris, Éd. Baudouin frères, vol. 3, 1827, p. 382-38
online
*M Rang, 1827 Observations sur le genre ''Atlante'' '' Mémoires de la Société d’histoire naturelle de Paris'', Paris, Éd. Baudouin frères, vol. 3, 1827, p. 372-38

* 1827 with

André Étienne d'Audebert de Férussac Baron André Étienne Justin Pascal Joseph François d'Audebert de Férussac (30 December 1786 – 21 January 1836) was a French naturalist best known for his studies of molluscs. (Two of his given names are sometimes spelt Just or Juste instead o ...

. Catalogue des espèces de mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles, recueillis par M. Rang, offic. de la marine roy., dans un voyage aux grandes Indes. ''Bulletin des Sciences Naturelles et de Géologie, deuxième Section du Bulletin Universel des Sciences et de l'Industrie'' 10 (200): 298-307. 182
online AnimalBaseonline BHL
*M. Sander Rang, 1828 ''Histoire naturelle des Aplysiens : première famille de l'ordre des tectibranches'' De L'imprimerie de Firmin Didot, 1828.Illustrations by Perrine Louise Ran
online
*M. Rang, 1828 Établissement de la famille des Béroïdes dans l’ordre des Acalèphes libres, et description de deux genres nouveaux qui lui appartiennent ''Mémoires de la Société d’histoire naturelle de Paris'', Paris, Éd. Baudouin frères, vol. 4, 1828, p. 166-17
online
*M Rang, 1828 Notice sur quelques mollusques nouveaux appartenant au genre Cléodore, et établissement et monographie du sous-genre Creseis ''Annales des sciences naturelles'' Paris, Éd. Crochard, vol. 13, 1828, p. 302-31
online BNF
*Rang, Sander. 1829. ''Manuel de l'histoire naturelle des mollusques et de leurs coquilles : ayant pour base de classification celle de M. le baron Cuvier''. Paris. online
plates 1843 see below. *M. Rang, 1829 Description de cinq espèces de coquilles fossiles appartenant à la classe des Ptéropodes, ''Annales des sciences naturelles'', Paris, Éd. Crochard, vol. 16, 1829, p. 492-49
online
*M. Rang, 1829 Notice sur le ''Litiope'', nouveau genre de mollusque gastéropode ''Annales des sciences naturelles'', Paris, Éd. Crochard, vol. 16, 1829, p. 303-30
online
*M Rang, 1829 Observations de M. Rang sur une espèce nouvelle de Carinaire, ''Annales des sciences naturelles'', Paris, Éd. Crochard, vol. 16, 1829, p. 136-14
online
*M Rang, 1830 Note sur le ''Ropan'' d’Michel Adanson">Adanson et quelques autres observations sur les mollusques ''Annales des sciences naturelles'' Paris, Éd. Crochard, vol. 21, 1830, p. 352 (chiffrée par erreur 351
online
*M. Rang, 1831 Description des coquilles terrestres recueillies pendant un voyage à la côte occidentale d’Afrique, et au Brésil, ''Annales des sciences naturelles'', Paris, Éd. Crochard, vol. 24, 1831, pp. 5–6
online
* M. Rang, 1831-1843 ''Magasin de zoologie'' (publié par Félix Édouard Guérin-Méneville), Paris, Éd. Lequien puis Arthus Bertrand, 1831-1845, in-8° Numerous contributions by Sander Rang in this periodical which became, in 1839 : ''Magasin de zoologie, d’anatomie comparée et de palæontologie'
online at Gallica
*M Rang, 1832 Notice sur la Galathée, genre de mollusque acéphale de la famille des Conchacées Annales des sciences naturelles, Paris, Éd. Crochard, vol. 25, 1832, p. 152-16
online
*R. Rang, 1833 ''Dictionnaire pittoresque d’histoire naturelle et des phénomènes de la nature, contenant l’histoire des animaux, des végétaux, des minéraux''(publié sous la dir. de Félix Guérin-Méneville, Paris, au Bureau de souscription, 1833-1839, 12 vol. grd in-8�
online
�� Les planches occupent trois vol. Sander Rang a fourni plusieurs contributions à ce dictionnaire. Elles sont signées de l’initiale R. *MM.Rang and Cailliaud, 1834 Mémoire sur le genre Éthérie et description de son animal (avec la collab. de Caillaud), 1834, 16 p
online
— Extrait des ''Nouvelles Annales du Muséum d’histoire naturelle'', t. 3, p. 128 et suivantes. *M. Rang, 1834 Mémoire sur le genre ''Gnatodon'' et description de son animal, Paris, Impr. de Jules Didot l’aîné, 834 13 p., in-8° —'' Extrait des Nouvelles Annales du Muséum d’histoire naturelle'', tome 3, p. 217 et suivante
online
*M. Rang, 1835 Mémoire sur quelques Acéphales d’eau douce du Sénégal, pour servir à la malacologie de l’Afrique occidentale », Nouvelles annales du Muséum d’histoire naturelle, Paris, Libr. encyclopédique de Roret, vol. 4, 1835, p. 297-32
online
*M. Rang, 1837 Documents pour servir à l’histoire naturelle des Céphalopodes cryptodibranches, ''Magasin de zoologie'', Paris, Éd. Lequien fils, vol. 7, 1837, p. 5-7
online
*Sandar Rang and Ferdinand Denis, 1837 Fondation de la Régence d’Alger : histoire des

Barberousse ''Barberousse'' is a 1917 silent film, silent French film directed by Abel Gance. Cast * Léon Mathot as Trively * Émile Keppens as Gesmus * Maud Richard as Odette Trively * Germaine Pelisse as Pauline * Yvonne Briey * Henri Maillard * Doriani ...

, chronique arabe du XVIe siècle... (avec la collab. de Ferdinand Denis), Paris, J. Angé, 1837, 2 vol. in-8° (lire en ligne rchive DF. — Rééd. : Id., Tunis, Bouslama, 1984; Fondation de la régence d’Alger : histoire des frères Barberousse, Alger, Éd. Grand-Alger-Livres, 200
Online Volume 1Online Volume 2
*1843 Atlas des mollusques composé de 51 planches représentant la plupart des mollusques nus et des coquilles décrits dans le Manuel d’histoire naturelle, Paris, Éd. Roret,

843 __NOTOC__ Year 843 ( DCCCXLIII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar. Events By place Europe *May 24 – Battle of Blain: Breton forces under Erispoe, count of Vannes, defeat the Franks led by Renaud d'He ...

16 p., in-1
online
text Rang, Sander, 1829 above *Rang, P. C. A. L., 1852 ''Histoire naturelle des mollusques ptéropodes : monographie comprenant la description de toutes les espèces de ce groupe de mollusques (avec la collab. de Louis François Auguste Souleyet)'', Paris, Éd. J.-B. Baillière, 1852, IV-88 p., grd in-4�
onlineonline (plates)
*''Port d’Alger : projet Rang, du 5 avril 1840'', Paris, Impr. de H. Fournier, 1842, 8 p., in-4°. (see Sander Rang, Victor Poirel, Antoine Dominique Raffeneau de Lile et al, 1842) *1842 ''Précis analytique de l’histoire d’Alger sous l’occupation turque, dans Ministère de la Guerre, Tableau de la situation des établissements français dans l’Algérie en 1841'', Paris, Impr. royale, décembre 1842, 445 p., in-4�
online
*Sander Rang, Victor Poirel, Antoine Dominique Raffeneau de Lile et al., 1842 ''Projets divers pour le port d’Alger'', 842 1 feuille 86,5 x 71,5 c
online at Gallica
— Cette feuille regroupe 9 plans différents dont celui de Sander Rang. *1946 ic''Voyage au Sénégal; Naufrage de La Méduse'' (ill. Philippe Ledoux), Paris, Éd. E.P.I., 1946, 121 p., in-8°. — Repris dans les recueils suivants : Relation complète du naufrage de la frégate La Méduse, faisant partie de l’expédition du Sénégal en 1816, Paris, Éd. J. de Bonnot, 1968, 419 p., in-8°; Les Naufragés : témoignages vécus, XVIIe-XXe siècle (présentation Dominique Le Brun), Paris, Éd. Omnibus, 2014, 906 p., in-8° ().

Taxa named and described by Rang

*'' Cavolinia uncinata'' (Rang, 1829) – Uncinate Cavoline *'' Cuvierina columnella, Cuvierina (Cuvierina) columnella'' (Rang, 1827) *'' Cuvierina (Cuvierina) astesana'' (Rang, 1829) – (Pliocene) *'' Creseis'' Rang, 1828 Genus *'' Creseis clava'' (Rang, 1828) (synonym: ''Creseis acicula'' (Rang, 1828) *'' Creseis virgula'' (Rang, 1828) *'' Creseis spinifera'' Rang, 1828) synonym of '' Styliola subula'' ( Quoy &

Gaimard Joseph Paul Gaimard (31 January 1793 – 10 December 1858) was a French naval surgeon and naturalist. Biography Gaimard was born at Saint-Zacharie on January 31, 1793. He studied medicine at the naval medical school in Toulon, subsequent ...

, 1827) and Genus '' Styliola'' Gray, 1850 *'' Dolabrifera dolabrifera'' (Rang, 1828) *'' Melibe'' Rang, 1829 Genus *'' Melibe rosea'' Rang, 1829 *'' Aplysia dactylomela'' (Rang, 1828) *'' Aplysia brasiliana'' Rang, 1828 synonym of '' Aplysia fasciata'' Poiret, 1789 -the sooty sea hare *'' Aplysia keraudreni'' Rang, 1828 *''

Aplysia maculata ''Aplysia'' () is a genus of medium-sized to extremely large sea slugs, specifically sea hares, which are a kind of marine (ocean), marine gastropod mollusk. These benthic herbivorous creatures can become rather large compared with most other ...

'' Rang, 1828 *'' Aplysia protea'' Rang, 1828 *''

Plakobranchidae Plakobranchidae is a family (biology), family of sea slugs, marine (ocean), marine opisthobranch gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Plakobranchoidea. They superficially resemble nudibranchs but they are sacoglossans, members of the clade Sacog ...

'' Rang, 1829 *'' Notarchus pleii'' (Rang, 1828): synonym of ''

Bursatella leachii ''Bursatella leachii'', whose common name is the ragged sea hare or shaggy sea hare, is a species of large sea slug: a marine (ocean), marine gastropod mollusk in the sea hare family Aplysiidae.MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase''Bursatella ...

'' ''pleii'' Rang, 1828 *''

Petalifera petalifera ''Petalifera'' is a genus of sea slugs or sea hares, marine (ocean), marine gastropod mollusks belonging to the family (biology), family Aplysiidae, the sea hares. Some authors place this genus in a separate family Dolabriferidae. A new study, p ...

'' Rang, 1828 *''

Litiopa melanostoma ''Litiopa melanostoma'', common name the brown Sargassum shell, is a species of very small sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk or micromollusk in the family Litiopidae. Distribution This species occurs in the Gulf of Mexico, the Caribbean Se ...

'' (Rang, 1829) *''

Litiopa ''Litiopa'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Litiopidae. Species The following species are recognised in the genus ''Litiopa'': * †'' Litiopa acuminata'' (Baudon, 1853) * †'' Litiopa alnensis'' Cossmann, 19 ...

'' Rang, 1829 - the type genus of the family Litiopidae *''

Subulina striatella ''Striosubulina striatella'' is a species of small air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial animal, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Achatinidae. Distribution This species is native to tropical West Africa. It is introduced ...

'' (Rang, 1831): synonym of '' Striosubulina striatella'' (Rang, 1831) *'' Sepioteuthis biangutata'' Rang, 1837 synonym of ''

Sepioteuthis sepioidea The Caribbean reef squid (''Sepioteuthis sepioidea''), commonly called the reef squid, is a species of small, torpedo-shaped squid with undulating fins that extend nearly the entire length of the body, approximately 20 cm (8 in) in length. They ...

'' *'' Opeas hannense'' (Rang, 1831) *''

'' (Rang, 1831) *'' Pleurodonte desidens'' (Rang, 1834) - was endemic to Martinique *'' Marginella helmatina'' (Rang, 1829) *'' Sepia hierredda'' Rang in Férussac &

d'Orbigny Alcide Charles Victor Marie Dessalines d'Orbigny (6 September 1802 – 30 June 1857) was a French naturalist who made major contributions in many areas, including zoology (including malacology), palaeontology, geology, archaeology and anthropol ...

, 1835 -the giant African cuttlefish *'' Aclesia'' Rang, 1828: Genus synonym of ''

Bursatella ''Bursatella'' is a genus of sea slugs or sea hares, marine (ocean), marine opisthobranch gastropod mollusks in the family Aplysiidae, the sea hares.MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase''Bursatella'' Blainville, 1817.Accessed through: World Reg ...

'' Blainville, 1817 -the shaggy sea hare *'' Bulla viridis'' Rang in Quoy & Gaimard, 1832 Type species of '' Smaragdinella'' A. Adams, 1848 *'' Pleurobranchus reticulatus'' Rang, 1832 - a sea slug *'' Hydromyles globulosus'' (Rang, 1825) - a sea slug *'' Fulmentum sepimentum'' (Rang, 1832) a sea snail *'' Hyalimax mauritianus'' Rang, 1827 - a land slug from Mauritius. *'' Pterosomatidae'' Rang, 1829 synonym of Carinariinae Blainville, 1818 *'' Venus rosalina'' Rang, 1802- a marine bivalve *''

Megalobulimus granulosus ''Megalobulimus'' is a genus of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial molluscs, terrestrial gastropod mollusk in the subfamily Megalobuliminae within the family Strophocheilidae (according to the Taxonomy of the Gastropoda (Bouchet & Rocroi, 2 ...

'' (Rang, 1831) - a land snail from Brazil *'' Loligo vitreus'' Rang, 1835 in Férussac &

D'Orbigny Alcide Charles Victor Marie Dessalines d'Orbigny (6 September 1802 – 30 June 1857) was a French naturalist who made major contributions in many areas, including zoology (including malacology), palaeontology, geology, archaeology and anthropol ...

, 1834-1848 synonym of '' Ommastrephes bartramii'' (Lesueur, 1821)

Taxa named for Rang

*'' Rangia'',

Desmoulins Lucie-Simplice-Camille-Benoît Desmoulins (; 2 March 17605 April 1794) was a French journalist, politician and a prominent figure of the French Revolution. He is best known for playing an instrumental role in the events that led to the Stormin ...

, 1832 *'' Holopus rangi''

, 1837.

References

*Pierre Moisy, 1974 Sander Rang or the learned adventurer ''Revue de Saintonge et d'Aunis, Saintes, Society of Historical Archives of Saintonge and Aunis'', vol. 48, n o 9,1974, p. 223-232. *Coan, E. V. & Kabat, A. R. 2018. ''2,400 Years of Malacology''. 15th ed., February 11, 2018, 1,594 pp. + 109 pp. nnex 1 – Book Collations+ 65 pp. nnex 2 – Küster Collation 51 pp. nnex 3 – Journal Collations American Malacological Societ

*Françoise Legré-Zaidline, 2006 ''Émois romantiques à La Rochelle ou les Passions de Louise la portraitiste et de Sander le marin, Paris, Le Croît'' vif, coll. Témoignages, 2006, 309 p., in-8° .
Petymol
*Orbigny A d' (1837) Mémoire sur une seconde espèce vivante de la familie des Crinoïdes ou Encrines, servant de type au nouveau genre Holope (Holopus). ''Magasin de Zoologie'', 7ème année, 10:1–8, pl. 3. *

Georges Cuvier Jean Léopold Nicolas Frédéric, baron Cuvier (23 August 1769 – 13 May 1832), known as Georges Cuvier (; ), was a French natural history, naturalist and zoology, zoologist, sometimes referred to as the "founding father of paleontology". Cuv ...

, 182
Report Verbal to French Academy of Sciences on Rang's Monograph ''Histoire naturelle des Aplysiens''
{{DEFAULTSORT:Rang, Sander 1793 births 1844 deaths French malacologists People from Utrecht (city)