''Citharichthys'' is a genus of

flatfish A flatfish is a member of the ray-finned demersal fish order Pleuronectiformes, also called the Heterosomata, sometimes classified as a suborder of Perciformes. In many species, both eyes lie on one side of the head, one or the other migratin ...

in the large-tooth

flounder Flounders are a group of flatfish species. They are demersal fish, found at the bottom of oceans around the world; some species will also enter estuaries. Taxonomy The name "flounder" is used for several only distantly related species, tho ...

family,

Paralichthyidae Large-tooth flounders or sand flounders are a family, Paralichthyidae, of flounders. The family contains 14 genera with a total of about 110 species. They lie on the sea bed on their right side; both eyes are always on the left side of the head, ...

. They have both eyes on the left sides of their heads. They are native to the oceans around the Americas, with a single species, ''C. stampflii'' off the

West Africa West Africa or Western Africa is the westernmost region of Africa. The United Nations defines Western Africa as the 16 countries of Benin, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Mali, Mau ...

n coast. Most are found in relatively shallow depths, but the genus also includes species found in deep water (down to at least ) and species that enter fresh water. Various species known as sanddab, whiff, and flounder are in this genus, and the most common species is the Pacific sanddab, ''Citharichthys sordidus''. They are a dull light-brown, and are mottled with brown or black, sometimes with yellow or orange. The largest species reaches in length.

Species

The currently recognized species in this genus are: * '' Citharichthys abbotti'' C. E. Dawson, 1969 (Veracruz whiff) * '' Citharichthys amblybregmatus'' Gutherz &

Blackman Blackman, Originally ''Blæcmann'', is an Old English name meaning "''dark man''". The name was once given to Danish Vikings who settled in southern Scotland. It is also listed in the genealogy of the kings of Bernicia. Early on, it was commonly u ...

, 1970 * '' Citharichthys arctifrons''

Goode Goode ( or , depending on family) is a surname. Notable people Notable people with the surname include: * Alex Goode (Born 1988), British rugby union player * Alexander D. Goode (1911-1943), US Army chaplain * Andy Goode (born 1980), British r ...

, 1880 (Gulf Stream flounder) * '' Citharichthys arenaceus'' Evermann & M. C. Marsh, 1900 (sand whiff) * '' Citharichthys cornutus'' ( Günther, 1880) (horned whiff) * ''

Citharichthys darwini ''Citharichthys'' is a genus of flatfish in the large-tooth flounder family, Paralichthyidae. They have both eyes on the left sides of their heads. They are native to the oceans around the Americas, with a single species, ''C. stampflii'' off th ...

Victor The name Victor or Viktor may refer to: * Victor (name), including a list of people with the given name, mononym, or surname Arts and entertainment Film * ''Victor'' (1951 film), a French drama film * ''Victor'' (1993 film), a French shor ...

Wellington Wellington ( mi, Te Whanganui-a-Tara or ) is the capital city of New Zealand. It is located at the south-western tip of the North Island, between Cook Strait and the Remutaka Range. Wellington is the second-largest city in New Zealand by m ...

, 2013 (Darwin's sanddab)Victor, B.C. & Wellington, G.M. (2013)
Citharichthys darwini n. sp., a new endemic flatfish from the Galápagos Archipelago (Teleostei: Pleuronectiformes: Paralichthyidae).
''Journal of the Ocean Science Foundation, 6: 19-32.'' * ''

Citharichthys dinoceros ''Citharichthys'' is a genus of flatfish in the large-tooth flounder family, Paralichthyidae. They have both eyes on the left sides of their heads. They are native to the oceans around the Americas, with a single species, ''C. stampflii'' off th ...

'' Goode & T. H. Bean, 1886 (spined whiff) * ''

Citharichthys fragilis ''Citharichthys fragilis'', the Gulf sanddab, is a species of sanddab in the large-tooth flounder family Paralichthyidae. It is native to the eastern Pacific Ocean, ranging from the coast of Manhattan Beach, California in the north to the Gulf ...

'' C. H. Gilbert, 1890 (Gulf sanddab) * ''

Citharichthys gilberti ''Citharichthys gilberti'', the bigmouth sanddab, is a species of flatfish in the large-tooth flounder family Paralichthyidae. It is native to the eastern Pacific Ocean, in tropical waters ranging from the Gulf of California in the north to Peru i ...

'' O. P. Jenkins & Evermann, 1889 (bigmouth sanddab) * ''

Citharichthys gnathus ''Citharichthys'' is a genus of flatfish in the large-tooth flounder family, Paralichthyidae. They have both eyes on the left sides of their heads. They are native to the oceans around the Americas, with a single species, ''C. stampflii'' off the ...

'' Hoshino & Amaoka, 1999 * ''

Citharichthys gordae ''Citharichthys gordae'', the mimic sanddab, is a species of sanddab in the large-tooth flounder family Paralichthyidae. It is native to the eastern Pacific Ocean, found off the coast of Mexico. It has a limited distribution, found in the Magdale ...

'' Beebe & Tee-Van, 1938 (mimic sanddab) * '' Citharichthys gymnorhinus'' Gutherz &

, 1970 (anglefin whiff) * ''

Citharichthys macrops ''Citharichthys'' is a genus of flatfish in the large-tooth flounder family, Paralichthyidae. They have both eyes on the left sides of their heads. They are native to the oceans around the Americas, with a single species, ''C. stampflii'' off th ...

'' Dresel, 1885 (spotted whiff) * '' Citharichthys mariajorisae'' van der Heiden & Mussot-Pérez, 1995 (five-rayed sanddab) * '' Citharichthys minutus'' Cervigón, 1982 * ''

Citharichthys platophrys ''Citharichthys platophrys'', the small sanddab, is a species of sanddab in the large-tooth flounder family Paralichthyidae. It is native to the eastern Pacific Ocean, ranging from the southern Gulf of California of Mexico in the north to Pe ...

'' C. H. Gilbert, 1891 (small sanddab) * ''

Citharichthys sordidus The Pacific sanddab (''Citharichthys sordidus'') is a species of flatfish. It is by far the most common sanddab, and it shares its habitat with the longfin sanddab (''C. xanthostigma'') and the speckled sanddab (''C. stigmaeus''). It is a medium- ...

'' ( Girard, 1854) (Pacific sanddab) * ''

Citharichthys spilopterus The bay whiff (''Citharichthys spilopterus'') is part of the family Paralichthyidae. This family is known as "left-eye flounders". They are one of the most common flatfish of the Gulf of Mexico. They are benthic ambush predators with the abil ...

'' Günther, 1862 (bay whiff) * ''

Citharichthys stampflii ''Citharichthys'' is a genus of flatfish in the large-tooth flounder family, Paralichthyidae. They have both eyes on the left sides of their heads. They are native to the oceans around the Americas, with a single species, ''C. stampflii'' off the ...

'' (

Steindachner Franz Steindachner (11 November 1834 in Vienna – 10 December 1919 in Vienna) was an Austrian zoologist, ichthyologist, and herpetologist. He published over 200 papers on fishes and over 50 papers on reptiles and amphibians. Steindachner describ ...

, 1894) (smooth flounder) * ''

Citharichthys stigmaeus ''Citharichthys stigmaeus'', the speckled sanddab, is a species of flounder in the genus ''Citharichthys''. It is native to the eastern Pacific Ocean, ranging from Alaska in the north to Baja California, Mexico in the south. It is a much smaller ...

'' D. S. Jordan & C. H. Gilbert, 1882 (speckled sanddab) * '' Citharichthys surinamensis'' (

Bloch Bloch is a surname of German origin. Notable people with this surname include: A–F * (1859-1914), French rabbi * Adele Bloch-Bauer (1881-1925), Austrian entrepreneur * Albert Bloch (1882–1961), American painter * (born 1972), German motor jour ...

& J. G. Schneider, 1801) * ''

Citharichthys uhleri ''Citharichthys'' is a genus of flatfish in the large-tooth flounder family, Paralichthyidae. They have both eyes on the left sides of their heads. They are native to the oceans around the Americas, with a single species, ''C. stampflii'' off the ...

'' D. S. Jorda], 1889 (voodoo whiff) * '' Citharichthys valdezi'' Cervigón, 1986 * '' Citharichthys xanthostigma'' C. H. Gilbert, 1890 (longfin sanddab)

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q2491501 Extant Miocene first appearances Marine fish genera Taxa named by Pieter Bleeker