250px, Site of Sanda Castle was a feudal domain under the

Tokugawa shogunate The Tokugawa shogunate (, Japanese 徳川幕府 ''Tokugawa bakufu''), also known as the , was the military government of Japan Japan ( ja, 日本, or , and formally , ''Nihonkoku'') is an island country in East Asia. It is situated in ...

Edo period The or is the period between 1603 and 1867 in the history of Japan, when Japan was under the rule of the Tokugawa shogunate and the country's 300 regional ''daimyo''. Emerging from the chaos of the Sengoku period, the Edo period was character ...

Japan, located in

Settsu Province was a province of Japan, which today comprises the southeastern part of Hyōgo Prefecture and the northern part of Osaka Prefecture. It was also referred to as or . Osaka and Osaka Castle were the main center of the province. Most of Setts ...

in what is now the southeastern portion of modern-day

Hyōgo Prefecture is a prefecture of Japan located in the Kansai region of Honshu. Hyōgo Prefecture has a population of 5,469,762 () and has a geographic area of . Hyōgo Prefecture borders Kyoto Prefecture to the east, Osaka Prefecture to the southeast, ...

. It had its administrative headquarters at Sanda

jin'ya A was a type of administrative headquarters in the Tokugawa Shogunate during the Edo period of Japanese history. ''Jin'ya'' served as the seat of the administration for a small domain, a province, or additional parcels of land. ''Jin'ya'' hous ...

(later styled "Sanda Castle"), located in what is now the city of Sanda,

. It was controlled by the ''

tozama daimyō was a class of powerful magnates or ''daimyō'' (大名) considered to be outsiders by the ruler of Japan.Kenkyusha's New Japanese-English Dictionary, ''Tozama daimyō'' were classified in the Tokugawa Shogunate (江戸幕府) as ''daimyō'' ...

Kuki clan Kuki can refer to: Locations * Kuki, Isfahan, a village in Isfahan Province, Iran * Kuki, Saitama, a city in Japan Peoples and culture * Kuki, or Thadou people, an ethnic tribe native to northeastern India (also Burma, where they are called ''Ch ...

throughout most of its history.

History

Araki Murashige was a retainer of Ikeda Katsumasa, head of the powerful "Setssu-Ikeda clan" of Settsu Province. Under Katsumasa, Murashige sided with Oda Nobunaga following Nobunaga's successful campaign to establish power in Kyoto. Military life Murashige be ...

conquered

for

Oda Nobunaga was a Japanese '' daimyō'' and one of the leading figures of the Sengoku period. He is regarded as the first "Great Unifier" of Japan. Nobunaga was head of the very powerful Oda clan, and launched a war against other ''daimyō'' to unif ...

and rebuilt an ancient fortification which had been erected by the

Akamatsu clan is a Japanese samurai family of direct descent from Minamoto no Morifusa of the Murakami-Genji. Papinot, Jacques Edmond Joseph. (1906). ''Dictionnaire d’histoire et de géographie du Japon''; Papinot, (2003)"Akamatsu" at ''Nobiliare du Japon ...

as Sanda Castle in 1575. After he was killed in his revolt against Nobunaga in 1582, the castle was assigned to Nobunaga's general, Yamazaki Katase as part of a 23,000 '' koku'' domain. His son, Yamazaki Iemori, although serving in the losing Western Army in the

Battle of Sekigahara The Battle of Sekigahara ( Shinjitai: ; Kyūjitai: , Hepburn romanization: ''Sekigahara no Tatakai'') was a decisive battle on October 21, 1600 ( Keichō 5, 15th day of the 9th month) in what is now Gifu prefecture, Japan, at the end of ...

, was transferred to Wakasa Domain in

Inaba Province was an old province of Japan in the area that is today the eastern part of Tottori Prefecture. It was sometimes called . Inaba bordered on Harima, Hōki, Mimasaka, and Tajima Provinces. The ancient capital, and the castle town, were at To ...

with an increase to 30,000 ''koku'' by

Tokugawa Ieyasu was the founder and first ''shōgun'' of the Tokugawa Shogunate of Japan, which ruled Japan from 1603 until the Meiji Restoration in 1868. He was one of the three "Great Unifiers" of Japan, along with his former lord Oda Nobunaga and fel ...

. He was replaced by Arima Noriyori, a general in the Eastern Army. On his death, the domain was merged by his heir Arima Toyōji, with Fukuchiyama Domain in Tamba Province and Sanda Castle was destroyed. Due to his exploits in the

Battle of Osaka The was a series of battles undertaken by the Japanese Tokugawa shogunate against the Toyotomi clan, and ending in that clan's destruction. Divided into two stages (winter campaign and summer campaign), and lasting from 1614 to 1615, the siege ...

in 1620, he was promoted to 200,000 ''koku'' and transferred to Kurume Domain in

Chikugo Province is the name of a former province of Japan in the area that is today the southern part of Fukuoka Prefecture on Kyūshū. It was sometimes called or , with Chikuzen Province. Chikugo was bordered by Hizen, Chikuzen, Bungo, and Higo Provin ...

. In 1626, Matsudaira Shigenao, formerly of

Kaminoyama Domain a feudal domain in Edo period Japan, located in Dewa Province (modern-day Yamagata Prefecture), Japan. It was centered on Kaminoyama Castle in what is now the city of Kaminoyama, Yamagata. History Kaminoyama Domain was situated on the strate ...

Dewa Province was a province of Japan comprising modern-day Yamagata Prefecture and Akita Prefecture, except for the city of Kazuno and the town of Kosaka. Dewa bordered on Mutsu and Echigō Provinces. Its abbreviated form name was . History Early per ...

was assigned a ''

kokudaka refers to a system for determining land value for taxation purposes under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo-period Japan, and expressing this value in terms of '' koku'' of rice. Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005)"Koku"in ''Japan Encyclopedia'', p. ...

'' of 30,000 ''koku'', and Sanda Domain was reestablished. He was later transferred to

Bungo Province was a province of Japan in eastern Kyūshū in the area of Ōita Prefecture. It was sometimes called , with Buzen Province. Bungo bordered Buzen, Hyūga, Higo, Chikugo, and Chikuzen Provinces. History At the end of the 7th century, Toyo ...

. In 1633, Kuki Hisakata was transferred to Sanda from

Toba Domain was a Japanese domain of the Edo period, located in Shima Province (part of modern-day Mie Prefecture), Japan. It was centered on Toba Castle in what is now the city of Toba. History During the Sengoku period, most of Shima Province came under ...

Shima Province was a province of Japan which consisted of a peninsula in the southeastern part of modern Mie Prefecture. Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "''Shima''" in . Its abbreviated name was . Shima bordered on Ise Province to the west, and on Ise B ...

. The Kuki clan had a fleet of armored ships and controlled maritime traffic around

Ise Bay is a bay located at the mouth of the Kiso Three Rivers between Mie and Aichi Prefectures in Japan. Ise Bay has an average depth of and a maximum depth of . The mouth of the bay is and is connected to the smaller Mikawa Bay by two channels: ...

, fighting on both sides during the Battle of Sekigahara, with Kuki Yoshitaka siding with the western forces loyal to

Toyotomi Hideyori was the son and designated successor of Toyotomi Hideyoshi, the general who first united all of Japan. His mother, Yodo-dono, was the niece of Oda Nobunaga. Early life Born in 1593, he was Hideyoshi's second son. The birth of Hideyori cr ...

, and his son Kuki Moritaka, joining the eastern armies of

. With the establishment of the Tokugawa shogunate, Kuki Moritaka was confirmed as ''daimyō'' of Toba, initially with a ''kokudaka'' of 35,000 ''koku'', growing to 55,000 ''koku'' under his son Kuki Hisataka. However, on Kuki Hisakata's death, there was a succession dispute, and the shogunate punished both parties by reassigning Kuki Hirakata to inland Sanda with 36,000 ''koku'' and his brother Kuki Takase to inland

Ayabe Domain was a feudal domain under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan, located in Tanba Province in what is now the central portion of modern-day Kyoto Prefecture. It was centered around Ayabe '' jin'ya'', which were located in what is now th ...

Tanba Province was a province of Japan in the area of central Kyoto and east-central Hyōgo Prefectures. Tanba bordered on Harima, Ōmi, Settsu, Tajima, Wakasa, and Yamashiro Provinces. Its abbreviated form name was . In terms of the Gokishichidō syst ...

with 20,000 ''koku''. The Kuki ruled Sanda for 240 years until the

Meiji restoration The , referred to at the time as the , and also known as the Meiji Renovation, Revolution, Regeneration, Reform, or Renewal, was a political event that restored practical imperial rule to Japan in 1868 under Emperor Meiji. Although there were r ...

. However, due to their large number of retainers and reduced circumstances, the clan was always in financial difficulties. In 1742, the 7th ''daimyō'' , Kuki Takayoshi, opened a domain school, ''Kokkokan''. In 1780, when the 8th ''daimyō'', Kuki Takamura, raised taxes, a peasant uprising broke out, and several merchant houses in the castle town were destroyed. Kuki Takakuni, the 10th ''daimyō'' reformed the han school 'Kokkoukan' as 'Zoshikan.' He also showed an interest in Western studies, and opened the modernization of the Sanda Domain. He was also raised in status to that of a "castle-holding daimyō", although no castle was actually built. The 13th (and final) ''daimyō'', Kuki Takayoshi, reformed domain administration and reformed the domain army along Western lines. In 1867, he led his modernized forces on the imperial side in the

Battle of Toba-Fushimi A battle is an occurrence of combat in warfare between opposing military units of any number or size. A war usually consists of multiple battles. In general, a battle is a military engagement that is well defined in duration, area, and force ...

to overthrow the shogunate. Upon learning that would be developed as a foreign trade port, he helped establish 'Shima San Shokai,' Kobe's first import trading company. This was successful, and he embarked on the real estate and financial businesses, and had a great influence on the urban development of Kobe. In 1871, Sanda Domain became "Sanda Prefecture" with the

abolition of the han system The in the Empire of Japan and its replacement by a system of prefectures in 1871 was the culmination of the Meiji Restoration begun in 1868, the starting year of the Meiji period. Under the reform, all daimyos (, ''daimyō'', feudal lords) ...

. Later it was incorporated into

. In 1884, Kuki Takayoshi became a

viscount A viscount ( , for male) or viscountess (, for female) is a title used in certain European countries for a noble of varying status. In many countries a viscount, and its historical equivalents, was a non-hereditary, administrative or judicia ...

(''shishaku'') in the new ''

kazoku The was the hereditary peerage of the Empire of Japan, which existed between 1869 and 1947. They succeeded the feudal lords () and court nobles (), but were abolished with the 1947 constitution. Kazoku ( 華族) should not be confused with ...

'' peerage. Sanda ''jin'ya'' was located on the site of the current Arima High School, and the ''daimyō'' residence was located on the site of the current Mita Elementary School. At present, all that remains is a portion of a water moat.

Holdings at the end of the Edo period

As with most domains in the

han system ( ja, 藩, "domain") is a Japanese historical term for the estate of a daimyo in the Edo period (1603–1868) and early Meiji period (1868–1912). Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005)"Han"in ''Japan Encyclopedia'', p. 283. or (daimyo domain) ...

, Sanda Domain consisted of several discontinuous territories calculated to provide the assigned ''

'', based on periodic

cadastral A cadastre or cadaster is a comprehensive recording of the real estate or real property's metes and bounds, metes-and-bounds of a country.Jo Henssen, ''Basic Principles of the Main Cadastral Systems in the World,'/ref> Often it is represented gra ...

surveys and projected agricultural yields.Elison, George and Bardwell L. Smith (1987)
''Warlords, Artists, & Commoners: Japan in the Sixteenth Century,'' p. 18
*

**53 villages in Arima District *

**10 villages in Hikami District

List of daimyō

References

{{Authority control Domains of Japan 1591 establishments in Japan States and territories established in 1591 1871 disestablishments in Japan States and territories disestablished in 1871 Settsu Province History of Hyōgo Prefecture

History

Holdings at the end of the Edo period

List of daimyō

See also

Further reading

References