Sanatruq II ( Hatran Aramaic: 𐣮𐣭𐣨𐣣𐣥𐣲 snṭrwq) was the last king of

Hatra Hatra (; (); ) was an ancient Arab city in Upper Mesopotamia located in present-day eastern Nineveh Governorate in northern Iraq. The ruins of the city lie northwest of Baghdad and southwest of Mosul. It is considered the richest archaeologi ...

(an ancient city in nowadays

Iraq Iraq, officially the Republic of Iraq, is a country in West Asia. It is bordered by Saudi Arabia to Iraq–Saudi Arabia border, the south, Turkey to Iraq–Turkey border, the north, Iran to Iran–Iraq border, the east, the Persian Gulf and ...

), ruling from about AD 205 to 240/41. He was the son of king Abdsamiya and is attested by nine inscriptions discovered at Hatra. Only two of these inscription bear year datings, both are hard to read.(perhaps 231 and 237/38) Sanatruq II appears in Syrian sources as Sanatru and in Arab sources as Daizian and Satirun. One of his inscriptions was found on a statue showing him standing. His wife was perhaps Abbu. There are two sons known. Abdsamiya was named after his grandfather. He was his heir. Another son, Mana is attested in year 235 and seems to have had ''Arabia of Wal'' under his control, a region southeast of

Edessa Edessa (; ) was an ancient city (''polis'') in Upper Mesopotamia, in what is now Urfa or Şanlıurfa, Turkey. It was founded during the Hellenistic period by Macedonian general and self proclaimed king Seleucus I Nicator (), founder of the Sel ...

. From the latter evidence it seems that Sanatruq II expanded his territory. The daughter Duspari is known from a statue, dated to year 549 (= AD 238). A second statue belongs to her daughter Samay. Under Sanatruq II Hatra became a vassal of the Romans. Around AD 226/227 the

Sassanian The Sasanian Empire (), officially Eranshahr ( , "Empire of the Iranian peoples, Iranians"), was an List of monarchs of Iran, Iranian empire that was founded and ruled by the House of Sasan from 224 to 651. Enduring for over four centuries, th ...

s attacked the city without success, but was finally

conquered Conquest involves the annexation or control of another entity's territory through war or coercion. Historically, conquests occurred frequently in the international system, and there were limited normative or legal prohibitions against conquest ...

and destroyed by the Sassanians, perhaps around AD 240/41.Hatra, on Iranica.com
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Literature

*Michael Sommer: ''Hatra. Geschichte und Kultur einer Karawanenstadt im römisch-parthischen Mesopotamien.'' von Zabern, Mainz 2003, , p. 24. *

Maurice Sartre Maurice Sartre (born 3 October 1944) is a French historian, an Emeritus professor of ancient history at the François Rabelais University, a specialist in ancient Greek and Eastern Roman history, especially the Hellenized Middle East, from Alexan ...

: ''The Middle East under the Romans'', 2005 {{ISBN, 978-0-674-01683-5, p. 346

References

3rd-century Arab people Hatra 3rd-century monarchs in the Middle East 240s deaths People of the Roman–Sasanian Wars Vassal rulers of the Parthian Empire

See also

Literature

References