San Huang Pao Chui
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San Huang Pao Chui (Chinese: 三皇炮捶) literally can be translated from
Chinese Chinese may refer to: * Something related to China * Chinese people, people identified with China, through nationality, citizenship, and/or ethnicity **Han Chinese, East Asian ethnic group native to China. **'' Zhonghua minzu'', the supra-ethnic ...
as "Three Emperor Cannon Fist". San Huang Pao Chui originated from the three emperors
Fu Xi Fuxi or Fu Hsi ( zh, c=伏羲) is a culture hero in Chinese mythology, credited along with his sister and wife Nüwa with creating humanity and the invention of music, hunting, fishing, domestication, and cooking, as well as the Cangjie system ...
,
Shennong Shennong ( zh, c=神農, p=Shénnóng), variously translated as "Divine Farmer" or "Divine Husbandman", born , was a mythological Chinese ruler known as the first Yan Emperor who has become a deity in Chinese and Vietnamese folk religion. H ...
, and
Gonggong Gonggong () is a Chinese water god who is depicted in Chinese mythology and folktales as having a copper human head with an iron forehead, red hair, and the body of a serpent, or sometimes the head and torso are human, with the tail of a serpen ...
in
China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. With population of China, a population exceeding 1.4 billion, it is the list of countries by population (United Nations), second-most populous country after ...
. They were previously known throughout China as the Three August Ones. The popular spread of ''Pao Chui'' was in early association with Shaolin and was one of the first styles implemented into the Shaolin monastery training regimen. The first Shaolin monks learned this style from local
martial artists Martial arts are codified systems and traditions of combat practiced for a number of reasons such as self-defence; military and law enforcement applications; competition; physical, mental, and spiritual development; entertainment; and the prese ...
from
Mount Emei Mount Emei (; zh, c=峨眉山, p=Éméi shān, O2-mei2 shan1), alternatively Mount Omei, is a mountain in Sichuan Province, China, and is the highest of the Four Sacred Buddhist Mountains of China. Mount Emei sits at the western rim of th ...
. Local legends say that the style was created by the bonding of Heaven, Earth, and the three emperors. At a festival of the Emperor Gaozu, Shaolin monk Tanzong gave a demonstration of ''Pao Chui''.
Chen-style tai chi The Chen-style tai chi ( zh, s=陳氏太极拳, p=Chén shì tàijíquán) is a Northern Wushu (sport), Chinese martial art and the original form of tai chi. Chen (surname), Chen-style is characterized by silk reeling, alternating fast and slow m ...
includes a ''Pao Chui'' routine in its curriculum.


First monk on Mount Emei

Around the time of
Ming The Ming dynasty, officially the Great Ming, was an imperial dynasty of China that ruled from 1368 to 1644, following the collapse of the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty. The Ming was the last imperial dynasty of China ruled by the Han people, t ...
and
Qing The Qing dynasty ( ), officially the Great Qing, was a Manchu-led Dynasties of China, imperial dynasty of China and an early modern empire in East Asia. The last imperial dynasty in Chinese history, the Qing dynasty was preceded by the ...
dynasties, there was a monk by the name of Puzhao, who climbed Mount Emei in the
Sichuan Sichuan is a province in Southwestern China, occupying the Sichuan Basin and Tibetan Plateau—between the Jinsha River to the west, the Daba Mountains to the north, and the Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau to the south. Its capital city is Cheng ...
province. Upon arrival he became the pupil of a
Daoist Taoism or Daoism (, ) is a diverse philosophical and religious tradition indigenous to China, emphasizing harmony with the Tao ( zh, p=dào, w=tao4). With a range of meaning in Chinese philosophy, translations of Tao include 'way', 'road', ' ...
priest who taught him the first style of Pao Chui. Years later, he finally mastered the art and returned to teach it to Qiao Sanxiu and Gan Fengchi during the reigns of the
Kangxi The Kangxi Emperor (4 May 165420 December 1722), also known by his temple name Emperor Shengzu of Qing, personal name Xuanye, was the third emperor of the Qing dynasty, and the second Qing emperor to rule over China proper. His reign of 61 ye ...
and
Yongzheng The Yongzheng Emperor (13 December 1678 – 8 October 1735), also known by his temple name Emperor Shizong of Qing, personal name Yinzhen, was the fourth emperor of the Qing dynasty, and the third Qing emperor to rule over China proper. The ...
emperors. Puzhao taught Qiao the soft fluid motions as the core of his form but strength and power as the outward application. On the other hand, he taught Gan strength and power but to use a supple soft motion as his output.


Gan-style of ''Pao Chui''

The Gan Style focused on maintaining a positive life with strong health, with mental and physical vitality. Between 1736 and 1795, during the reign of the
Qianlong Emperor The Qianlong Emperor (25 September 17117 February 1799), also known by his temple name Emperor Gaozong of Qing, personal name Hongli, was the fifth Emperor of China, emperor of the Qing dynasty and the fourth Qing emperor to rule over China pr ...
, Qiao Sanxiu passed on what he learned at Mount Emei to his disciple Qiao Heling. Years later Qiao Heling passed this style on to his disciples to Song Mailun and Yu Liandeng. There are no known current disciples of Gan Fengchi. Yu continued to teach the core foundation style of San Huang Pao Chui to the newer disciples, yet Song decided to broaden the style by combining Pao Chui with new forms from dozens of other different schools in order to create new routines. This led Song to invent the later Three-Hand hold style he is known for. Pao Chui has become increasingly popular in
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,
Hebei Hebei is a Provinces of China, province in North China. It is China's List of Chinese administrative divisions by population, sixth-most populous province, with a population of over 75 million people. Shijiazhuang is the capital city. It bor ...
,
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,
Shandong Shandong is a coastal Provinces of China, province in East China. Shandong has played a major role in Chinese history since the beginning of Chinese civilization along the lower reaches of the Yellow River. It has served as a pivotal cultural ...
,
Liaoning ) , image_skyline = , image_alt = , image_caption = Clockwise: Mukden Palace in Shenyang, Xinghai Square in Dalian, Dalian coast, Yalu River at Dandong , image_map = Liaoning in China (+all claims hatched).svg , ...
,
Henan Henan; alternatively Honan is a province in Central China. Henan is home to many heritage sites, including Yinxu, the ruins of the final capital of the Shang dynasty () and the Shaolin Temple. Four of the historical capitals of China, Lu ...
and
Jilin ) , image_skyline = Changbaishan Tianchi from western rim.jpg , image_alt = , image_caption = View of Heaven Lake , image_map = Jilin in China (+all claims hatched).svg , mapsize = 275px , map_al ...
. The style has been divided into Song-Style and Yu-Style Three Emperor Fists, with the latter further divided into Yu Fists and Song Hands.


Concepts

Sanhuang Pao Chui is also called Pao Chuan, utilizing powerful and rapid fist blows like the firing of a cannon. The foundation routine of this form is embedded in Cross Hand blows with the squatting horse stance being the core stance used. ''
Fa jin ''Fa jin'', or ''fa chin'' (, ), is a term used in some Chinese martial arts, particularly the ''neijia'' (internal) martial arts, such as tai chi, ''xingyiquan'', ''baguazhang'', '' liuhebafa'', '' ziranmen'', '' bak mei'', and '' bajiquan''. ...
'' is used or explosive energy, to create hard powerful strikes at a target. This is extensively based on the theory of
yin and yang Originating in Chinese philosophy, yin and yang (, ), also yinyang or yin-yang, is the concept of opposite cosmic principles or forces that interact, interconnect, and perpetuate each other. Yin and yang can be thought of as complementary an ...
as well as the theory of Gang Ruo which states the usage of both hard and soft energy being used together at once. The main movement is ''shizichi'', also known as Cross Fist. This basic step is called Yuen Dang Bu, in which attacks are aimed at the target's midsection, using both powerful long and short strikes together. The effectiveness of this style is incorporated with following the concepts of positive and negative, hard and supple, attack and defense, and advance and retreat. These are all based on the theory of Ying and Yang. Practitioners coordinate their eyes, hands, and body movement. By using the mind, spirit, footwork, and practiced breathing, practitioners can generate force on each attack. It requires all of these to be connected so when one throws a punch, the buildup of power is equivalent of pulling a bow and firing the arrow.


See also

*
Changquan Changquan () () refers to a family of external (as opposed to internal) martial arts (kung fu) styles from northern China. The forms of the Long Fist style emphasize fully extended kicks and striking techniques, and by appearance would be consi ...
*
Chen-style taijiquan The Chen-style tai chi ( zh, s=陳氏太极拳, p=Chén shì tàijíquán) is a Northern Chinese martial art and the original form of tai chi. Chen-style is characterized by silk reeling, alternating fast and slow motions, and bursts of power ...
* List of tai chi forms *
Shaolin kung fu Shaolin kung fu (), also called Shaolin Wushu (), or Shaolin quan (), is the largest and most famous style of Chinese martial arts, kung fu. It combines Chan Buddhism, Chan philosophy and martial arts. It was developed in the Shaolin Temple in ...


References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pao Chui Chinese martial arts terminology