San Buenaventura de Potano was a Spanish mission near Orange Lake in southern Alachua County or northern Marion County, Florida, located on the site where the town of Potano had been located when it was visited by

Hernando de Soto Hernando de Soto (; ; 1497 – 21 May 1542) was a Spanish explorer and conquistador who was involved in expeditions in Nicaragua and the Yucatan Peninsula. He played an important role in Francisco Pizarro's conquest of the Inca Empire in Peru, ...

in 1539. The Richardson/UF Village Site (8AL100), in southern Alachua County, has been proposed as the location of the town and mission.

Town of Potano

Potano was the namesake town of the Potano tribe or

chiefdom A chiefdom is a political organization of people representation (politics), represented or government, governed by a tribal chief, chief. Chiefdoms have been discussed, depending on their scope, as a stateless society, stateless, state (polity) ...

, part of the

Timucua The Timucua were a Native American people who lived in Northeast and North Central Florida and southeast Georgia. They were the largest indigenous group in that area and consisted of about 35 chiefdoms, many leading thousands of people. The va ...

people. In the middle of the 16th century the town of Potano was located west of Orange Lake, near Evinston. The

expedition visited Potano in 1539. In 1564, and again in 1565, the Utina chiefdom on the

St. Johns River The St. Johns River () is the longest river in the U.S. state of Florida and is the most significant one for commercial and recreational use. At long, it flows north and winds through or borders 12 counties. The drop in elevation from River s ...

and the French (from Fort Caroline) raided the town of Potano. Many Potanos were killed, and many others captured. In 1584, in retaliation for raids by the Potano against the Spanish, the principal town of Potano was attacked and burned by Spanish soldiers. The town of Potano was then moved to a site northwest of present-day Gainesville.

Apalo/Apula

A place or mission called Apalo or Apula was associated with the original site of Potano. (''Apula'' is Timucuan for "fort" or "stockade".) De Soto's expedition passed a town called Apalu or Hapaluya, but it appears to have been in what was later called Yustaga, west of the

Suwannee River The Suwannee River (also spelled Suwanee River or Swanee River) is a river that runs through south Georgia southward into Florida in the Southern United States. It is a wild blackwater river, about long.U.S. Geological Survey. National Hydrog ...

, and not associated with Potano. A town named Apalo is shown on the Jacques le Moyne map, located to the northeast of Potano. In 1597 or later, Fray Baltasár Lopéz established a ''visita'', a mission without a resident priest, called Apalo. Milanich states that the visita may have been at the Richardson site. In 1616 Father Luís Jerónimo de Oré visited a mission called Apalo, two and one-half days walk from San Antonio de Ancape on the St Johns River.

Mission

In 1601, the new leader of the Potano chiefdom asked the Spanish governor for permission to re-settle the original site of the Potano principal town, which was granted by Governor Gonzalo Méndez de Canço. In that same year the ''Cacique'' of Apalau traveled to Saint Augustine together with the heir to the ''Cacique'' of Potano. In 1608 Mission San Buenaventura de Potano was established in the site of the old town by Fray Francisco Pareja. It initially served about 200 people, all of whom were baptized. The mission, under the name of San Buenaventura, disappeared from Spanish records after 1613, probably because the population was reduced and scattered by epidemics. Worth states that San Buenaventura was probably identical to the Apalo mission visited by Father Oré in 1616.

Discovery

As of 2016, the Richardson/UF Village Site (8AL100), in Alachua County located west of Orange Lake, appears to have been accepted by archaeologists as the site of de Soto's Potano and the San Buenaventura de Potano mission. On-line as

Notes

{{DEFAULTSORT:San Buenaventura de Potano Spanish missions in Florida Timucua Archaeological sites in Florida 1608 establishments in the Spanish Empire