Samuel Scott Marshall (March 12, 1821 – July 26, 1890) was an American politician and attorney who served a total of seven terms as a

U.S. representative The United States House of Representatives is a chamber of the bicameral United States Congress; it is the lower house, with the U.S. Senate being the upper house. Together, the House and Senate have the authority under Article One of th ...

from

Illinois Illinois ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Midwestern United States, Midwestern United States. It borders on Lake Michigan to its northeast, the Mississippi River to its west, and the Wabash River, Wabash and Ohio River, Ohio rivers to its ...

. He was a member of the Democratic Party.

Early life and education

Born near

Shawneetown, Illinois Shawneetown is a city in Gold Hill Township, Gallatin County, Illinois, United States. The population was 1,054 at the 2020 United States census. It is the county seat of Gallatin County. Geography Shawneetown is located southeast of the cent ...

, Marshall attended public and private schools in

McLeansboro, Illinois McLeansboro () is a city and the county seat of Hamilton County, Illinois, Illinois, United States. The population was 2,675 at the 2020 United States census, 2020 census. McLeansboro is part of the Mount Vernon, Illinois micropolitan area. Geog ...

, and Cumberland College in

Kentucky Kentucky (, ), officially the Commonwealth of Kentucky, is a landlocked U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern region of the United States. It borders Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio to the north, West Virginia to the ...

. He studied law, was

admitted to the bar An admission to practice law is acquired when a lawyer receives a license to practice law. In jurisdictions with two types of lawyer, as with barristers and solicitors, barristers must gain admission to the bar whereas for solicitors there are dist ...

in 1845, and commenced practice in McLeansboro.

Political career

Marshall served as member of the

Illinois House of Representatives The Illinois House of Representatives is the lower house of the Illinois General Assembly. The body was created by the first Illinois Constitution adopted in 1818. The House under the constitution as amended in 1980 consists of 118 representativ ...

in 1846 and 1847. He then served as State's Attorney for the third

judicial circuit Circuit courts are court systems in several common law jurisdictions. It may refer to: * Courts that literally sit 'on circuit', i.e., judges move around a region or country to different towns or cities where they will hear cases; * Courts that s ...

of Illinois in 1847 and 1848, and as an Illinois circuit court judge from 1851 until 1854.

First tenure in the U.S. House of Representatives (1855–1859)

Marshall was elected as a Democrat to the 34th and

35th United States Congress The 35th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1857, ...

es, serving consecutively from 1855 to 1859. He served as chairman of the Committee on Claims during the 35th Congress.

1861 U.S. Senate candidacy

He was the candidate of his party for

United States Senator The United States Senate consists of 100 members, two from each of the 50 U.S. state, states. This list includes all senators serving in the 119th United States Congress. Party affiliation Independent Senators Angus King of Maine and Berni ...

in 1861, but lost to

incumbent The incumbent is the current holder of an office or position. In an election, the incumbent is the person holding or acting in the position that is up for election, regardless of whether they are seeking re-election. There may or may not be ...

Republican

Lyman Trumbull Lyman Trumbull (October 12, 1813 – June 25, 1896) was an American lawyer, judge, and politician who represented the state of Illinois in the United States Senate from 1855 to 1873. Trumbull was a leading abolitionist attorney and key polit ...

, with Trumbull receiving 54 votes in the

to Marshall's 46 votes on January 9, 1861. Marshall again served as an Illinois Circuit Court judge from 1861 until 1864. He served as a delegate to

1860 Events January * January 2 – The astronomer Urbain Le Verrier announces the discovery of a hypothetical planet Vulcan (hypothetical planet), Vulcan at a meeting of the French Academy of Sciences in Paris, France. * January 10 &ndas ...

and

1864 Democratic National Convention The 1864 Democratic National Convention was held at The Amphitheatre in Chicago, Illinois, United States. The Convention nominated Major General George B. McClellan from New Jersey for president, and Representative George H. Pendleton of Ohio fo ...

Second tenure in the U.S. House of Representatives (1865–1875)

Marshall was elected to the

39th United States Congress The 39th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C., from March 4, 1865 ...

and to the four following Congresses (serving March 4, 1865 – March 4, 1875), and was the candidate of his party for

Speaker of the House The speaker of a deliberative assembly, especially a legislative body, is its presiding officer, or the chair. The title was first used in 1377 in England. Usage The title was first recorded in 1377 to describe the role of Thomas de Hung ...

1867 There were only 354 days this year in the newly purchased territory of Alaska. When the territory transferred from the Russian Empire to the United States, the calendric transition from the Julian to the Gregorian Calendar was made with only 1 ...

. He represented for four terms and, after

redistricting Redistricting in the United States is the process of drawing electoral district boundaries. For the United States House of Representatives, and state legislatures, redistricting occurs after each ten-year census. The U.S. Constitution in Art ...

, represented the for his final term. Marshall was a delegate to the 1866 National Union Convention. During the 40th Congress, Marshall served on the

House Committee on the Judiciary The U.S. House Committee on the Judiciary, also called the House Judiciary Committee, is a standing committee of the United States House of Representatives. It is charged with overseeing the administration of justice within the federal courts, f ...

, which was conducting the first impeachment inquiry against President

Andrew Johnson Andrew Johnson (December 29, 1808July 31, 1875) was the 17th president of the United States, serving from 1865 to 1869. The 16th vice president, he assumed the presidency following the assassination of Abraham Lincoln. Johnson was a South ...

. On November 25, 1867, the committee voted 5–4 to recommend impeachment. Hinds was on the minority side opposing impeachment, along with the one other Democrat on the committee and two Republicans. On December 7, 1867, Marshall was joined by 108 other congressmen (including 66 members of the Republican Party in a full House vote which defeated the resolution put forward to impeach Johnson by 57–108. On January 28, 1868, Marshall voted against a resolution launching the second impeachment inquiry against Johnson, but the resolution passed 99–31. On December 7, 1867, Marshall voted against the

impeachment of Andrew Johnson The Federal impeachment in the United States, impeachment of Andrew Johnson for "high crimes and misdemeanors" was initiated by the United States House of Representatives on February 24, 1868. The alleged high crimes and misdemeanors were after ...

, which the house passed 126–47. On March 2 and 3, 1968, Marshall voted against all eleven articles of impeachment. When it came time, on March 2, 1868, to vote on who to appoint as the House's impeachment managers (those House members that would prosecutors during the trial), Speaker Shuyler Colfax initially appointed Marshall to act as a teller to tally the vote. However, Marshall requested to be excused from this role, and he, along with the rest of the Democrats, ultimately abstained from voting on impeachment managers. He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in

1874 Events January * January 1 – New York City annexes The Bronx. * January 2 – Ignacio María González becomes head of state of the Dominican Republic for the first time. * January 3 – Third Carlist War: Battle of Caspe &n ...

to the 44th Congress.

Later career

Marshall served as president of the board of managers of

Hamilton College Hamilton College is a Private college, private Liberal arts colleges in the United States, liberal arts college in Clinton, Oneida County, New York, Clinton, New York. It was established as the Hamilton-Oneida Academy in 1793 and received its c ...

from 1875 through 1880. He again served as a delegate to the Democratic National Convention in

1880 Events January *January 27 – Thomas Edison is granted a patent for the incandescent light bulb. Edison filed for a US patent for an electric lamp using "a carbon filament or strip coiled and connected ... to platina contact wires." gr ...

Death

He died in McLeansboro, Illinois, on July 26, 1890. He was interred in Odd Fellows Cemetery.

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Marshall, Samuel Scott 1821 births 1890 deaths People from Shawneetown, Illinois Illinois state court judges Democratic Party members of the Illinois House of Representatives Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Illinois 19th-century Illinois state court judges 19th-century members of the United States House of Representatives 19th-century members of the Illinois General Assembly