Samuil Pavlovich Rabinovich (; 1909–1988) was a

Soviet The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 until Dissolution of the Soviet ...

engineer Engineers, as practitioners of engineering, are professionals who Invention, invent, design, build, maintain and test machines, complex systems, structures, gadgets and materials. They aim to fulfill functional objectives and requirements while ...

, one of the founders of practical

radiolocation Radiolocation, also known as radiolocating or radiopositioning, is the process of finding the location of something through the use of radio waves. It generally refers to passive, particularly radar—as well as detecting buried cables, wate ...

, the chief designer of the first series of

radar stations Radar is a system that uses radio waves to determine the distance (''ranging''), direction (geometry), direction (azimuth and elevation angles), and radial velocity of objects relative to the site. It is a radiodetermination method used to det ...

designed in the 1940s, 1950s and 1960s.

Biography

Rabinovich was born in 1909 in the village of Kamenka,

Dnipro Raion Dnipro Raion (), formerly Dnipropetrovsk Raion () until 2016, is a raion (district) of Dnipropetrovsk Oblast, southeastern Ukraine. Its administrative centre is the city of Dnipro. The population is On 18 July 2020, as part of the administrati ...

. From 1931 to 1937 he studied at the Moscow Institute of Communication Engineers. In the years 1937-1940 participated in creating the first practical radar station (radar) RUS-2 "Redoubt". This station was deployed in the war near the

Moscow Moscow is the Capital city, capital and List of cities and towns in Russia by population, largest city of Russia, standing on the Moskva (river), Moskva River in Central Russia. It has a population estimated at over 13 million residents with ...

detected more than 200 German bombers and gave information about them to guide fighters and targeting

anti-aircraft artillery Anti-aircraft warfare (AAW) is the counter to aerial warfare and includes "all measures designed to nullify or reduce the effectiveness of hostile air action".AAP-6 It encompasses surface-based, subsurface (Submarine#Armament, submarine-lau ...

. From 1942, Rabinovich is deputy chief designer of the radar station CPA-2, and since 1945 - chief designer of the radar CPA-4 ("Ray"). For the first time in domestic practice, the station CPA-4 provided three modes: circular scanning, manual antenna control and automatic target tracking the angular coordinates. The first mode is used for target detection and monitoring of the traffic condition on the indicator, the second—for the detection of targets in specific sector before going to the auto maintenance and for coarse positioning, the third—to accurately determine the

azimuth An azimuth (; from ) is the horizontal angle from a cardinal direction, most commonly north, in a local or observer-centric spherical coordinate system. Mathematically, the relative position vector from an observer ( origin) to a point ...

and

elevation The elevation of a geographic location (geography), ''location'' is its height above or below a fixed reference point, most commonly a reference geoid, a mathematical model of the Earth's sea level as an equipotential gravitational equipotenti ...

in automatic mode and manual slant range or semi-automatic way. From 1956, Rabinovich is chief designer of the radar sighting of interceptor missiles and command transfer station (RSVPR) experimental

missile defense Missile defense is a system, weapon, or technology involved in the detection, tracking, interception, and also the destruction of attacking missiles. Conceived as a defense against nuclear weapon, nuclear-armed intercontinental ballistic mi ...

system (NMD). Fully missile defense system first tested in March 1961 had shown the fundamental possibility of defeat

warhead A warhead is the section of a device that contains the explosive agent or toxic (biological, chemical, or nuclear) material that is delivered by a missile, rocket (weapon), rocket, torpedo, or bomb. Classification Types of warheads include: *E ...

s of

ballistic missile A ballistic missile is a type of missile that uses projectile motion to deliver warheads on a target. These weapons are powered only during relatively brief periods—most of the flight is unpowered. Short-range ballistic missiles (SRBM) typic ...

s. This achievement had risen in a row with the launch of the first

Sputnik Sputnik 1 (, , ''Satellite 1''), sometimes referred to as simply Sputnik, was the first artificial Earth satellite. It was launched into an elliptical low Earth orbit by the Soviet Union on 4 October 1957 as part of the Soviet space progra ...

, the first

cosmonaut An astronaut (from the Ancient Greek (), meaning 'star', and (), meaning 'sailor') is a person trained, equipped, and deployed by a List of human spaceflight programs, human spaceflight program to serve as a commander or crew member of a spa ...

, and other accomplishments, which showed the highest scientific, technical and organizational level of defense enterprises and organizations of the

Ministry of Defense A ministry of defence or defense (see spelling differences), also known as a department of defence or defense, is the part of a government responsible for matters of defence and military forces, found in states where the government is divided ...

. In the 1970s was the chief designer of the radar ST-68 (5N59) - moving the three coordinates of the station to detect and track low-altitude targets in active and passive noise in the presence of strong reflections from the ground and in adverse weather conditions.

Awards

Order of the Red Star The Order of the Red Star () was a military decoration of the Soviet Union. It was established by decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of 6 April 1930 but its statute was only defined in decree of the Presidium of the ...

(1939) * Stalin Prize (1950) * Two Orders of the Red Banner of Labour (1954, 1964) *

Order of the Badge of Honour The Order of the Badge of Honour () was a civilian award of the Soviet Union. It was established on 25 November 1935, and was conferred on citizens of the USSR for outstanding achievements in sports, production, scientific research and socia ...

(1961)

Biographical sources

* Scientific-Research Institute of Electro, History Enterprises https://www.niemi.ru/ * Milestones of the 35-year history TSNPO-MAK Vympel https://archive.today/20130417230008/http://old.vko.ru/article.asp?pr_sign=archive.2005.22.20 * YB Kobzarev, first steps of Soviet radar, Nature Magazine, December 1985, http://vivovoco.rsl.ru/VV/JOURNAL/NATURE/OLD/RADAR.HTM * By the 90th anniversary of the birth of Grigory Kisunko-first General Designer of domestic resources and systems, the Federal Agency for Industry, https://web.archive.org/web/20080213163450/http://www.rosprom.gov.ru/ * Short History of Engineering in, https://pvo.guns.ru/book/vniirt/index.htm * The first round of Star Wars won SOVIET Union, the Independent Military Review, 2001, https://nvo.ng.ru/history/2001-03-23/5_round.html * Kisunko Grigory "Sekrenaya Zone: Confessions of a master designer, Chapter 13, Contemporary, 1996.

External links

* Материал из Википедии — свободной энциклопедии {{DEFAULTSORT:Rabinovich, Samuil 1909 births 1988 deaths People from Dnipropetrovsk Oblast Recipients of the Order of the Badge of Honour Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour Recipients of the Order of the Red Star Recipients of the Stalin Prize Radar pioneers Soviet engineers