Samuel Armas

''Hand of Hope'' is a 1999 medical photograph taken by Michael Clancy during open fetal surgery, showing the hand of the fetus extending from the incision in the mother's uterus and seeming to grasp a surgeon's finger. Clancy was documenting a procedure being developed at Vanderbilt University to treat spina bifida. The photograph was taken on 19 August and the baby (Samuel Alexander Armas) was safely delivered on 2 December.

Story behind the photograph

The photograph was taken during a medical procedure to fix the spina bifida lesion of a 21-week-old fetus. The operation was performed by a surgical team at Vanderbilt University in Nashville. The team, Dr. Joseph Bruner and Dr. Noel Tulipan, had been developing a technique for correcting certain fetal problems in mid-pregnancy. Their procedure involved temporarily opening the uterus, draining the amniotic fluid, partially extracting and performing surgery on the tiny fetus, and then restoring the fetus to the uterus back inside the mother.

Samuel Armas

Alex and Julie Armas first discovered that their baby had spina bifida during an ultrasound 14 weeks after conception. The Armases came across the Vanderbilt procedure while researching their options online.

This was the surgical team's 54th operation on a fetus still in the uterus. During the operation, Dr. Joseph Bruner opened the womb and Dr. Tulipan successfully alleviated the effects of the opening in Samuel's spine caused by the spina bifida.

Around the world

Pictures from the surgery were printed in a number of newspapers in the U.S. and around the world, including ''USA Today''. As a result of the operation, Armas was healthy when he was delivered on December 2, 1999.

On September 25, 2003, the boy's parents, Alex and Julie, testified before the U.S. Senate Subcommittee on Science, Technology, and Space about the photograph and their experience with in-utero surgery.

Matt Drudge

In 1999, Matt Drudge hosted a Saturday night television show called '' Drudge'' on the Fox News Channel. In Nov 1999 he attempted to show Samuel's picture on his Fox News program, but was not allowed to by the network. This led to his leaving of the show for what he claimed to be the network's censorship. Fox News directors did not want to use the picture because they feared Drudge would use it to support an anti-abortion argument. They viewed this to be misleading because the tabloid photo dealt not with abortion, but with an emergency operation on the baby for spina bifida.

Controversy

The picture attracted a lot of attention when it was released, as it was used by opponents of abortion who asserted that the baby reached through the womb and grabbed the doctor's hand, thus showing signs of life at the 21st week of pregnancy. Indeed, the photograph and many of the texts which often accompany it seem to support this view, including the account of the photographer Michael Clancy:

However, the surgeon later stated that Samuel and his mother Julie were under anesthesia and could not move.

"The baby did not reach out," Dr Bruner said. "The baby was anesthetized. The baby was not aware of what was going on."

The surgeon who operated on the mother stated that rather than the fetus' hand clutching on to his finger, he was simply pushing the fetus' arm that had suddenly jolted out of the womb back into the womb in order to finish the surgery.

Cultural references

The event has been referred to in three TV series: the drama ''House'', in the episode "Fetal Position", the sitcom '' Scrubs'', in the episode " My Road to Nowhere", and in the political drama TV series ''The Good Wife'', in the episode "Heart" in which the photograph was shown.

Similar image

An image of the hand of a newborn grasping the finger of the doctor during a C-section operation became a viral hit in January 2013.

References

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External links

Ten Years Later, Boy's 'Hand of Hope' Continues to Spark Debate


1999 works
1999 in art
1999 photographs
1999 in Tennessee
Photographs of the United States
Color photographs
Vanderbilt University media
History of Nashville, Tennessee
1990s photographs
Photography controversies