Samoidae is a family of the

harvestman The Opiliones (formerly Phalangida) are an order of arachnids, colloquially known as harvestmen, harvesters, harvest spiders, or daddy longlegs (see below). , over 6,650 species of harvestmen have been discovered worldwide, although the total n ...

infraorder

Grassatores The Grassatores Kury, 2002 are the most diverse infraorder of the Laniatores. It includes over 3,700 species distributed mainly in the tropicsKury, A.B.(2003). Annotated catalogue of the Laniatores of the New World (Arachnida, Opiliones). '' Revi ...

with about fifty described species. (2007): Samoidae. Sørensen, 1886. In: Pinto-da-Rocha ''et al.'' 2007: 224ff

Description

The body length of members of this family ranges from about two to almost six millimeters. They are dull light brown to yellow or green yellow with darker mottling, and sometimes dark brown.

Distribution

Samoidae from

Polynesia Polynesia ( , ) is a subregion of Oceania, made up of more than 1,000 islands scattered over the central and southern Pacific Ocean. The indigenous people who inhabit the islands of Polynesia are called Polynesians. They have many things in ...

Melanesia Melanesia (, ) is a subregion of Oceania in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. It extends from New Guinea in the west to the Fiji Islands in the east, and includes the Arafura Sea. The region includes the four independent countries of Fiji, Vanu ...

Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country comprising mainland Australia, the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and list of islands of Australia, numerous smaller isl ...

Mexico Mexico, officially the United Mexican States, is a country in North America. It is the northernmost country in Latin America, and borders the United States to the north, and Guatemala and Belize to the southeast; while having maritime boundar ...

, the

West Indies The West Indies is an island subregion of the Americas, surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, North Atlantic Ocean and the Caribbean Sea, which comprises 13 independent island country, island countries and 19 dependent territory, dependencies in thr ...

and

Venezuela Venezuela, officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, is a country on the northern coast of South America, consisting of a continental landmass and many Federal Dependencies of Venezuela, islands and islets in the Caribbean Sea. It com ...

are all remarkably similar, while the species from

Africa Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent after Asia. At about 30.3 million km2 (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 20% of Earth's land area and 6% of its total surfac ...

Madagascar Madagascar, officially the Republic of Madagascar, is an island country that includes the island of Madagascar and numerous smaller peripheral islands. Lying off the southeastern coast of Africa, it is the world's List of islands by area, f ...

Seychelles Seychelles (, ; ), officially the Republic of Seychelles (; Seychellois Creole: ), is an island country and archipelagic state consisting of 155 islands (as per the Constitution) in the Indian Ocean. Its capital and largest city, Victoria, ...

and

Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania, between the Indian Ocean, Indian and Pacific Ocean, Pacific oceans. Comprising over List of islands of Indonesia, 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, ...

do at least in part not belong to this family.

Relationships

The relationship with other families in the

Samooidea Samooidea is a large superfamily in the Grassatores group of Opiliones, harvestmen. It includes around 380 species distributed throughout the tropics. They are characterized by the complex male genitalia, with eversible complementary sclerites. ...

is not yet understood.

Name

The name of the type genus is derived from the type locality

Samoa Samoa, officially the Independent State of Samoa and known until 1997 as Western Samoa, is an island country in Polynesia, part of Oceania, in the South Pacific Ocean. It consists of two main islands (Savai'i and Upolu), two smaller, inhabited ...

Species

* '' Akdalima'' Silhavy, 1977 :* '' Akdalima jamaicana'' V. Silhavy, 1979 —

Jamaica Jamaica is an island country in the Caribbean Sea and the West Indies. At , it is the third-largest island—after Cuba and Hispaniola—of the Greater Antilles and the Caribbean. Jamaica lies about south of Cuba, west of Hispaniola (the is ...

:* '' Akdalima vomeroi'' Silhavy, 1977 —

* '' Arganotus'' Silhavy, 1977 :* '' Arganotus macrochelis'' (Goodnight & Goodnight, 1953) — Mexico :* '' Arganotus robustus'' V. Silhavy, 1979 —

Haiti Haiti, officially the Republic of Haiti, is a country on the island of Hispaniola in the Caribbean Sea, east of Cuba and Jamaica, and south of the Bahamas. It occupies the western three-eighths of the island, which it shares with the Dominican ...

:* '' Arganotus strinatii'' V. Silhavy, 1979 —

Guatemala Guatemala, officially the Republic of Guatemala, is a country in Central America. It is bordered to the north and west by Mexico, to the northeast by Belize, to the east by Honduras, and to the southeast by El Salvador. It is hydrologically b ...

* ''

Badessa Badessa may refer to: * Badessa, Oromia, a town in the Oromia region of Ethiopia * Bedessa, Wolaita, a town in the SNNPR region of Ethiopia * Badessa (harvestman), ''Badessa'' (harvestman), a genus of arachnids in the family Samoidae See also

...

'' Sørensen, in L. Koch 1886 :* '' Badessa ampycoides'' Sørensen, in L. Koch 1886 —

Fiji Fiji, officially the Republic of Fiji, is an island country in Melanesia, part of Oceania in the South Pacific Ocean. It lies about north-northeast of New Zealand. Fiji consists of an archipelago of more than 330 islands—of which about ...

* '' Badessania'' Roewer, 1949 :* '' Badessania metatarsalis'' Roewer, 1949 —

New South Wales New South Wales (commonly abbreviated as NSW) is a States and territories of Australia, state on the Eastern states of Australia, east coast of :Australia. It borders Queensland to the north, Victoria (state), Victoria to the south, and South ...

* '' Benoitinus'' M. Rambla, 1983 :* '' Benoitinus elegans'' M. Rambla, 1983 —

* '' Cornigera'' M. A. González-Sponga, 1987 :* '' Cornigera flava'' M. A. González-Sponga, 1987 —

* '' Feretrius'' Simon, 1879 :* '' Feretrius quadrioculatus'' (L. Koch, 1865) —

* '' Fijicolana'' Roewer, 1963 :* '' Fijicolana tuberculata'' Roewer, 1963 —

* '' Hovanoceros'' Lawrence, 1959 :* '' Hovanoceros bison'' Lawrence, 1959 * '' Hummelinckiolus'' V. Silhavy, 1979 :* '' Hummelinckiolus parvus'' V. Silhavy, 1979 —

Leeward Islands The Leeward Islands () are a group of islands situated where the northeastern Caribbean Sea meets the western Atlantic Ocean. Starting with the Virgin Islands east of Puerto Rico, they extend southeast to Guadeloupe and its dependencies. In Engl ...

(

Guadeloupe Guadeloupe is an Overseas departments and regions of France, overseas department and region of France in the Caribbean. It consists of six inhabited islands—Basse-Terre Island, Basse-Terre, Grande-Terre, Guadeloupe, Grande-Terre, Marie-Galant ...

Montserrat Montserrat ( , ) is a British Overseas Territories, British Overseas Territory in the Caribbean. It is part of the Leeward Islands, the northern portion of the Lesser Antilles chain of the West Indies. Montserrat is about long and wide, wit ...

St. Kitts Saint Kitts, officially Saint Christopher, is an island in the West Indies. The west side of the island borders the Caribbean Sea, and the eastern coast faces the Atlantic Ocean. Saint Kitts and the neighbouring island of Nevis constitute one ...

Nevis Nevis ( ) is an island in the Caribbean Sea that forms part of the inner arc of the Leeward Islands chain of the West Indies. Nevis and the neighbouring island of Saint Kitts constitute the Saint Kitts and Nevis, Federation of Saint Kitts ...

) :* † '' Hummelinckiolus silhavyi'' Cokendolpher & Poinar, 1998 — fossil:

Dominican amber Dominican amber is amber from the Dominican Republic derived from resin of the extinct tree '' Hymenaea protera''. Dominican amber differentiates itself from Baltic amber by being nearly always transparent, and it has a higher number of fossil in ...

* '' Kalominua'' Sørensen, 1932 — Venezuela :* '' Kalominua alta'' (M. A. González-Sponga, 1987) :* '' Kalominua bicolor'' Sørensen, 1932 :* '' Kalominua bromeliaca'' (M. A. González-Sponga, 1987) :* '' Kalominua inermichela'' (H. E. M. Soares & S. Avram, 1981) :* '' Kalominua leonensis'' (M. A. González-Sponga, 1987) :* '' Kalominua manueli'' (M. A. González-Sponga, 1987) :* '' Kalominua minuta'' (M. A. González-Sponga, 1987) :* '' Kalominua tiarensis'' (M. A. González-Sponga, 1987) * '' Malgaceros'' Lawrence, 1959 :* '' Malgaceros boviceps'' Lawrence, 1959 * '' Maracaynatum'' Roewer, 1949 :* '' Maracaynatum cubanum'' V. Silhavy, 1979 —

Cuba Cuba, officially the Republic of Cuba, is an island country, comprising the island of Cuba (largest island), Isla de la Juventud, and List of islands of Cuba, 4,195 islands, islets and cays surrounding the main island. It is located where the ...

:* '' Maracaynatum linaresi'' (H. E. M. Soares & S. Avram, 1981) — Venezuela :* '' Maracaynatum mariaeteresae'' M. A. González-Sponga, 1987 — Venezuela :* '' Maracaynatum orchidearum'' Roewer, 1949 — Venezuela :* '' Maracaynatum stridulans'' V. Silhavy, 1979 — Cuba :* '' Maracaynatum trinidadense'' V. Silhavy, 1979 —

Trinidad Trinidad is the larger, more populous island of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago, the country. The island lies off the northeastern coast of Venezuela and sits on the continental shelf of South America. It is the southernmost island in ...

* '' Microconomma'' Roewer, 1915 :* '' Microconomma armatipes'' Roewer, 1915 —

Cameroon Cameroon, officially the Republic of Cameroon, is a country in Central Africa. It shares boundaries with Nigeria to the west and north, Chad to the northeast, the Central African Republic to the east, and Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, and the R ...

* '' Mitraceras'' Loman, 1902 — Seychelles :* '' Mitraceras crassipalpum'' Loman, 1902 :* '' Mitraceras pulchra'' M. Rambla, 1983 * '' Neocynortina'' Goodnight & Goodnight, 1983 :* '' Neocynortina dixoni'' Goodnight & Goodnight, 1983 —

Costa Rica Costa Rica, officially the Republic of Costa Rica, is a country in Central America. It borders Nicaragua to the north, the Caribbean Sea to the northeast, Panama to the southeast, and the Pacific Ocean to the southwest, as well as Maritime bo ...

* '' Orsa'' V. Silhavy, 1979 :* '' Orsa daphne'' V. Silhavy, 1979 — Haiti * '' Parasamoa'' Goodnight & Goodnight, 1957 :* '' Parasamoa gressitti'' Goodnight & Goodnight, 1957 * '' Pellobunus'' Banks, 1905 :* '' Pellobunus camburalesi'' M. Rambla, 1978 — Venezuela :* '' Pellobunus haitiensis'' (V. Silhavy, 1979) — Haiti :* '' Pellobunus insularis'' Banks, 1905 — Costa Rica,

Panama Panama, officially the Republic of Panama, is a country in Latin America at the southern end of Central America, bordering South America. It is bordered by Costa Rica to the west, Colombia to the southeast, the Caribbean Sea to the north, and ...

:* '' Pellobunus insulcatus'' (Roewer, 1954) —

El Salvador El Salvador, officially the Republic of El Salvador, is a country in Central America. It is bordered on the northeast by Honduras, on the northwest by Guatemala, and on the south by the Pacific Ocean. El Salvador's capital and largest city is S ...

:* '' Pellobunus longipalpus'' Goodnight & Goodnight, 1947 — Trinidad :* '' Pellobunus mexicanus'' Goodnight & Goodnight, 1971 — Mexico :* † '' Pellobunus proavus'' J. C. Cokendolpher, 1987 — fossil: Dominican amber :* '' Pellobunus trispinatus'' Goodnight & Goodnight, 1947 — Trinidad * '' Reventula'' V. Silhavy, 1979 :* '' Reventula amabilis'' V. Silhavy, 1979 — Jamaica * ''

'' Sørensen, in L. Koch 1886 :* '' Samoa variabilis'' Sørensen, in L. Koch 1886 —

:* ''

Samoa obscura Samoa, officially the Independent State of Samoa and known until 1997 as Western Samoa, is an island country in Polynesia, part of Oceania, in the South Pacific Ocean. It consists of two main islands (Savai'i and Upolu), two smaller, inhabited ...

'' Sørensen, in L. Koch 1886 — Samoa :* ''

Samoa sechellana Samoa, officially the Independent State of Samoa and known until 1997 as Western Samoa, is an island country in Polynesia, part of Oceania, in the South Pacific Ocean. It consists of two main islands ( Savai'i and Upolu), two smaller, inhabite ...

'' M. Rambla, 1983 — Seychelles * '' Sawaiellus'' Roewer, 1949 :* '' Sawaiellus berlandi'' Roewer, 1949 — Samoa * '' Tetebius'' Roewer, 1949 :* '' Tetebius latibunus'' Roewer, 1949 —

Tete Tete may refer to: * Tete, Mozambique, a city in Mozambique *Tété (born 1975), a French musician *Tetê (born 2000), a Brazilian footballer *Tete Montoliu (1933–1997), Spanish jazz pianist **''Tete!'', an album by Tete Montoliu *Tete Province ...

Mozambique Mozambique, officially the Republic of Mozambique, is a country located in Southeast Africa bordered by the Indian Ocean to the east, Tanzania to the north, Malawi and Zambia to the northwest, Zimbabwe to the west, and Eswatini and South Afr ...

* '' Vlachiolus'' V. Silhavy, 1979 :* '' Vlachiolus vojtechi'' V. Silhavy, 1979 — Cuba * '' Waigeucola'' Roewer, 1949 :* '' Waigeucola palpalis'' Roewer, 1949 —

Footnotes

References

* 's Biology Catalog
Samoidae
* (eds.) (2007): Harvestmen - The Biology of Opiliones. ''Harvard University Press'' {{Taxonbar, from=Q3111035 Harvestmen Arachnids of Africa Harvestman families