Salsola on:
[Wikipedia]
[Google]
[Amazon]
''Salsola'' is a
''
/ref> # ''
genus
Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...
of the subfamily Salsoloideae
The Salsoloideae are a subfamily of the Amaranthaceae, formerly in family Chenopodiaceae.
Description
These are herbs, subshrubs, shrubs and some trees. Stems and leaves are often succulent. The ovary contains a spiral embryo. In most genera, ...
in the family Amaranthaceae
Amaranthaceae ( ) is a family of flowering plants commonly known as the amaranth family, in reference to its type genus '' Amaranthus''. It includes the former goosefoot family Chenopodiaceae and contains about 165 genera and 2,040 species, maki ...
. The genus ''sensu stricto'' is distributed in Australia, central and southwestern Asia, North Africa, and the Mediterranean. Common names of various members of this genus and related genera are saltwort (for their salt tolerance) and tumbleweed
A tumbleweed is a structural part of the above-ground anatomy of a number of species of plants. It is a diaspore that, once mature and dry, detaches from its root or stem and rolls due to the force of the wind. In most such species, the tumbl ...
or roly-poly. The genus name ''Salsola'' is from the Latin
Latin ( or ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic languages, Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally spoken by the Latins (Italic tribe), Latins in Latium (now known as Lazio), the lower Tiber area aroun ...
, meaning .
Description
The species of ''Salsola'' are mostlysubshrub
A subshrub (Latin ''suffrutex'') or undershrub is either a small shrub (e.g. prostrate shrubs) or a perennial that is largely herbaceous but slightly woody at the base (e.g. garden pink and florist's chrysanthemum). The term is often interch ...
s, shrub
A shrub or bush is a small to medium-sized perennial woody plant. Unlike herbaceous plants, shrubs have persistent woody stems above the ground. Shrubs can be either deciduous or evergreen. They are distinguished from trees by their multiple ...
s, small tree
In botany, a tree is a perennial plant with an elongated stem, or trunk, usually supporting branches and leaves. In some usages, the definition of a tree may be narrower, e.g., including only woody plants with secondary growth, only ...
s, and rarely annuals. The leaves are mostly alternate, rarely opposite, simple, and entire. The bisexual flowers have five tepal
A tepal is one of the outer parts of a flower (collectively the perianth). The term is used when these parts cannot easily be classified as either sepals or petals. This may be because the parts of the perianth are undifferentiated (i.e. of very ...
s and five stamen
The stamen (: stamina or stamens) is a part consisting of the male reproductive organs of a flower. Collectively, the stamens form the androecium., p. 10
Morphology and terminology
A stamen typically consists of a stalk called the filament ...
s. The pistil
Gynoecium (; ; : gynoecia) is most commonly used as a collective term for the parts of a flower that produce ovules and ultimately develop into the fruit and seeds. The gynoecium is the innermost whorl (botany), whorl of a flower; it consists ...
ends in two stigmata
Stigmata (, plural of , 'mark, spot, brand'), in Roman Catholicism, Catholicism, are bodily wounds, scars and pain which appear in locations corresponding to the Crucifixion of Jesus, crucifixion Five Holy Wounds, wounds of Jesus in Christian ...
. The fruit is spherical with a spiral embryo and no perisperm
In seed plants, the ovule is the structure that gives rise to and contains the female reproductive cells. It consists of three parts: the ''integument'', forming its outer layer, the ''nucellus'' (or remnant of the megasporangium), and the fema ...
.
Systematics
The genus name ''Salsola'' was first published in 1753 byLinnaeus
Carl Linnaeus (23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné,#Blunt, Blunt (2004), p. 171. was a Swedish biologist and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, the modern system of naming o ...
in ''Species Plantarum
' (Latin for "The Species of Plants") is a book by Carl Linnaeus, originally published in 1753, which lists every species of plant known at the time, classified into genus, genera. It is the first work to consistently apply binomial nomenclature ...
''. The type species is ''Salsola soda'' L.
The genus ''Salsola'' belongs to the tribe
The term tribe is used in many different contexts to refer to a category of human social group. The predominant worldwide use of the term in English is in the discipline of anthropology. The definition is contested, in part due to conflict ...
Salsoleae ''s.s.'' of the subfamily Salsoloideae in the family Amaranthaceae. The genus was recircumscribed in 2007 based on molecular phylogenetic research, greatly reducing the number of species. Synonyms of ''Salsola'' ''sensu stricto'' are: ''Darniella'' Maire & Weiller, ''Fadenia'' Aellen & Townsend, ''Neocaspia'' Tzvelev and ''Hypocylix'' Wol..
''Plants of the World Online
Plants of the World Online (POWO) is an online taxonomic database published by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
History
Following the Convention on Biological Diversity, the Royal Botanic Gardens in Kew launched Plants of the World Online i ...
'' includes:Plants of the World Online: ''Salsola'' L. (retrieved 3 March 2024)/ref> # ''
Salsola acanthoclada
''Salsola'' is a genus of the subfamily Salsoloideae in the family Amaranthaceae. The genus ''sensu stricto'' is distributed in Australia, central and southwestern Asia, North Africa, and the Mediterranean. Common names of various members of thi ...
''
# ''Salsola africana
''Salsola'' is a genus of the subfamily Salsoloideae in the family Amaranthaceae. The genus ''sensu stricto'' is distributed in Australia, central and southwestern Asia, North Africa, and the Mediterranean. Common names of various members of thi ...
''
# ''Salsola algeriensis
''Salsola'' is a genus of the subfamily Salsoloideae in the family Amaranthaceae. The genus ''sensu stricto'' is distributed in Australia, central and southwestern Asia, North Africa, and the Mediterranean. Common names of various members of thi ...
''
# ''Salsola angusta
''Salsola'' is a genus of the subfamily Salsoloideae in the family Amaranthaceae. The genus ''sensu stricto'' is distributed in Australia, central and southwestern Asia, North Africa, and the Mediterranean. Common names of various members of thi ...
''
# ''Salsola australis
''Salsola'' is a genus of the subfamily Salsoloideae in the family Amaranthaceae. The genus ''sensu stricto'' is distributed in Australia, central and southwestern Asia, North Africa, and the Mediterranean. Common names of various members of thi ...
''
# ''Salsola austrotibetica
''Salsola'' is a genus of the subfamily Salsoloideae in the family Amaranthaceae. The genus ''sensu stricto'' is distributed in Australia, central and southwestern Asia, North Africa, and the Mediterranean. Common names of various members of thi ...
''
# ''Salsola baranovii
''Salsola'' is a genus of the subfamily Salsoloideae in the family Amaranthaceae. The genus ''sensu stricto'' is distributed in Australia, central and southwestern Asia, North Africa, and the Mediterranean. Common names of various members of thi ...
''
# ''Salsola basaltica
''Salsola'' is a genus of the subfamily Salsoloideae in the family Amaranthaceae. The genus ''sensu stricto'' is distributed in Australia, central and southwestern Asia, North Africa, and the Mediterranean. Common names of various members of thi ...
''
# '' Salsola brevifolia''
# '' Salsola chellalensis''
# '' Salsola chinghaiensis''
# '' Salsola collina''
# ''Salsola cruciata
''Salsola'' is a genus of the subfamily Salsoloideae in the family Amaranthaceae. The genus ''sensu stricto'' is distributed in Australia, central and southwestern Asia, North Africa, and the Mediterranean. Common names of various members of thi ...
''
# ''Salsola drummondii
''Salsola'' is a genus of the subfamily Salsoloideae in the family Amaranthaceae. The genus ''sensu stricto'' is distributed in Australia, central and southwestern Asia, North Africa, and the Mediterranean. Common names of various members of thi ...
''
# '' Salsola euryphylla''
# ''Salsola glomerata
''Salsola'' is a genus of the subfamily Salsoloideae in the family Amaranthaceae. The genus ''sensu stricto'' is distributed in Australia, central and southwestern Asia, North Africa, and the Mediterranean. Common names of various members of th ...
''
# '' Salsola × gobicola''
# '' Salsola griffithii''
# '' Salsola gypsacea''
# '' Salsola halimocnemis''
# '' Salsola hartmannii''
# '' Salsola ikonnikovii''
# '' Salsola intramongolica''
# '' Salsola jacquemontii''
# '' Salsola junatovii''
# '' Salsola kali''
# '' Salsola komarovii''
# '' Salsola mairei''
# '' Salsola masclansii''
# '' Salsola melitensis''
# '' Salsola monoptera''
# '' Salsola papillosa''
# '' Salsola paulsenii''
# '' Salsola pontica''
# '' Salsola praecox''
# '' Salsola praemontana''
# '' Salsola ryanii''
# '' Salsola sabrinae''
# '' Salsola sinkiangensis''
# '' Salsola squarrosa''
# '' Salsola strobilifera''
# '' Salsola subglabra''
# '' Salsola tamamschjanae''
# '' Salsola tamariscina''
# '' Salsola tragus'' (sometimes placed in ''Kali'')
# '' Salsola tunetana''
# '' Salsola turcica''
# '' Salsola webbii''
# '' Salsola zaidamica''
# ''Salsola zygophylla
''Salsola'' is a genus of the subfamily Salsoloideae in the family Amaranthaceae. The genus ''sensu stricto'' is distributed in Australia, central and southwestern Asia, North Africa, and the Mediterranean. Common names of various members of thi ...
''
Excluded species: Many species formerly grouped in ''Salsola'' were excluded by Akhani et al. (2007). Some may now be classified in separate genera:
* ''Turania'' (for ''Salsola'' sect. ''Sogdiana'')
* '' Xylosalsola'' (for ''Salsola'' sect. ''Coccosalsola'' subsect. ''Arbuscula'')
* '' Caroxylon'' (for ''Salsola'' sect. ''Caroxylon'')
** '' Caroxylon imbricatum'' (Forssk.) Moq. (Syn. ''Salsola imbricata'' Forssk.)
** ''Caroxylon vermiculatum
''Caroxylon vermiculatum'', commonly known as Mediterranean saltwort, is a perennial plant in the family Amaranthaceae. It has many synonyms, including ''Salsola vermiculata'' and ''Nitrosalsola vermiculata''. It is native to arid and semi-arid re ...
'' (L.) Akhani & Roalson (Syn. ''Salsola vermiculata'' L.)
* ''Kaviria
''Kaviria'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Amaranthaceae.
Its native range is Somalia to Arabian Peninsula, Syria to Central Asia and Pakistan.
Species:
*''Kaviria aucheri''
*''Kaviria azaurena''
*''Kaviria gossypina' ...
'' (for ''Salsola'' sect. ''Belanthera'')
Uses
'' Salsola komarovii'' is collected in the wild and cultivated in Asia. InNamibia
Namibia, officially the Republic of Namibia, is a country on the west coast of Southern Africa. Its borders include the Atlantic Ocean to the west, Angola and Zambia to the north, Botswana to the east and South Africa to the south; in the no ...
, where introduced ''Salsola'' species are called '' gannabos'', they are valuable fodder plants.
References
{{Authority control Amaranthaceae Halophytes Barilla plants Drought-tolerant plants Amaranthaceae genera