''Salmo'' is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial n ...

ray-finned fish Actinopterygii (; ), members of which are known as ray-finned fishes, is a class of bony fish. They comprise over 50% of living vertebrate species. The ray-finned fishes are so called because their fins are webs of skin supported by bony or h ...

from the

family Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its members and of society. Idea ...

Salmonidae Salmonidae is a family of ray-finned fish that constitutes the only currently extant family in the order Salmoniformes . It includes salmon (both Atlantic and Pacific species), trout (both ocean-going and landlocked), chars, freshwater whitefish ...

. The single ''Salmo'' species naturally found in the Atlantic North America is the Atlantic salmon, whereas the salmon and trout of the Pacific basin belong to another genus, ''

Oncorhynchus ''Oncorhynchus'' is a genus of fish in the family Salmonidae; it contains the Pacific salmon and Pacific trout. The name of the genus is derived from the Greek ὄγκος (ónkos, “lump, bend”) + ῥύγχος (rhúnkhos, “snout”), in r ...

''. The natural distribution of ''Salmo'' also extends to

North Africa North Africa, or Northern Africa is a region encompassing the northern portion of the African continent. There is no singularly accepted scope for the region, and it is sometimes defined as stretching from the Atlantic shores of Mauritania in t ...

and to

West Asia Western Asia, West Asia, or Southwest Asia, is the westernmost subregion of the larger geographical region of Asia, as defined by some academics, UN bodies and other institutions. It is almost entirely a part of the Middle East, and includes A ...

around the

Black Sea The Black Sea is a marginal mediterranean sea of the Atlantic Ocean lying between Europe and Asia, east of the Balkans, south of the East European Plain, west of the Caucasus, and north of Anatolia. It is bounded by Bulgaria, Georgia, ...

basin. The

generic Generic or generics may refer to: In business * Generic term, a common name used for a range or class of similar things not protected by trademark * Generic brand, a brand for a product that does not have an associated brand or trademark, other ...

name ''Salmo'' derives from the

Latin Latin (, or , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally a dialect spoken in the lower Tiber area (then known as Latium) around present-day Rome, but through the power ...

''salmō'' (salmon). The number of distinct

species In biology, a species is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of ...

and subspecies in ''Salmo'' is a debated issue. Atlantic salmon and brown trout are widespread species, while most of the other

taxa In biology, a taxon ( back-formation from '' taxonomy''; plural taxa) is a group of one or more populations of an organism or organisms seen by taxonomists to form a unit. Although neither is required, a taxon is usually known by a particular n ...

are narrowly distributed forms

endemic Endemism is the state of a species being found in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found els ...

to single

watershed Watershed is a hydrological term, which has been adopted in other fields in a more or less figurative sense. It may refer to: Hydrology * Drainage divide, the line that separates neighbouring drainage basins * Drainage basin, called a "watershe ...

Species

The species currently listed in this genus are: * ''

Salmo abanticus The brown trout (''Salmo trutta'') is a European species of salmonid fish that has been widely introduced into suitable environments globally. It includes purely freshwater populations, referred to as the riverine ecotype, ''Salmo trutta'' morph ...

'' Tortonese, 1954 (Lake Abant trout) * ''

Salmo aestivalis ''Salmo'' is a genus of ray-finned fish from the family Salmonidae. The single ''Salmo'' species naturally found in the Atlantic North America is the Atlantic salmon, whereas the salmon and trout of the Pacific basin belong to another genus, '' ...

'' Fortunatov, 1926 (Lake Sevan summer trout) * ''

Salmo akairos ''Salmo akairos'' is a species of trout, a salmonid fish, endemic to Lake Ifni, a lake less than one square kilometer in size located at an altitude of 2300 m in Morocco Morocco (),, ) officially the Kingdom of Morocco, is the westernm ...

'' Delling & Doadrio, 2005 (Lake Ifni trout) * ''

Salmo aphelios ''Salmo aphelios'' is a species of trout, a salmonid fish endemic to Lake Ohrid in North Macedonia and Albania in the Balkans The Balkans ( ), also known as the Balkan Peninsula, is a geographical area in southeastern Europe with var ...

Kottelat Maurice Kottelat (born 16 July 1957 in Delémont, SwitzerlandCo ...

, 1997 (summer trout) * ''

Salmo balcanicus ''Salmo balcanicus'' is a type of trout, a fish in the family Salmonidae. It is endemic to Lake Ohrid and its outlet in North Macedonia and Albania in the Balkans. ''Salmo balcanicus'' is one of four different forms of the Ohrid trout complex w ...

'' ( S. L. Karaman, 1927) (Struga trout) *''

Salmo baliki ''Salmo baliki'' is a species of trout, a salmonid fish, is described from the Murat River, a drainage of the Euphrates River The Euphrates () is the longest and one of the most historically important rivers of Western Asia. Together with t ...

'' Davut Turan, İsmail Aksu, Münevver Oral, Cüneyt Kaya, Esra Bayçelebi - 2021Turan D, Aksu İ, Oral M, Kaya C, Bayçelebi E (2021) Contribution to the trout of Euphrates River, with description of a new species, and range extension of Salmo munzuricus (Salmoniformes, Salmonidae). Zoosystematics and Evolution 97(2): 471-482. https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.97.72181 * ''

Salmo carpio ''Salmo carpio'', also known as the carpione (''carpione del Garda''Crivelli, A.J. 2006''Salmo carpio''In: IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2010.1. Downloaded on 2 April 2010 or ''Lake Garda carpione''S. Melotto, G. Alessio (2006Biol ...

Linnaeus Carl Linnaeus (; 23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after his ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné Blunt (2004), p. 171. (), was a Swedish botanist, zoologist, taxonomist, and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, t ...

1758 Events January–March * January 1 – Swedish biologist Carl Linnaeus (Carl von Linné) publishes in Stockholm the first volume (''Animalia'') of the 10th edition of ''Systema Naturae'', the starting point of modern zoological ...

(Lake Garda trout) * ''

Salmo caspius The Caspian trout (''Salmo caspius'') is a disputed species of fish in the family Salmonidae. It is native to Eurasia, where it occurs only in the southern Caspian Sea basin. It reaches 25 cm (9.8 inches) in standard length. While historically co ...

Kessler Kessler or Keßler (in German) may refer to: * Kessler (automobile), an American automobile made 1921–1922 * Kessler (name), people named Kessler * ''Kessler'' (TV series), a British television series from 1981 * Kessler, Ohio, an unincorporated ...

, 1877 (Caspian trout) * ''

Salmo cettii ''Salmo cettii'', or the Mediterranean trout, is a species of trout, a freshwater fish in the family Salmonidae. It lives in the Mediterranean region in Corsica, Sardinia, Sicily, and on the Italian mainland in the Magra drainage and furthe ...

Rafinesque Constantine Samuel Rafinesque-Schmaltz (; October 22, 1783September 18, 1840) was a French 19th-century polymath born near Constantinople in the Ottoman Empire and self-educated in France. He traveled as a young man in the United States, ultimat ...

, 1810 (Mediterranean trout) * ''

Salmo ciscaucasicus ''Salmo ciscaucasicus'', the Caspian salmon, is a salmonid fish endemic to the Caspian Sea and its inflowing rivers.

Dorofeeva Nadiia Volodymyrivna Dorofieieva ( uk, Надія Володимирівна Дорофєєва; born 21 April 1990), professionally known as DOROFEEVA, is a Ukrainian pop singer, fashion designer, blogger, actress and a former member of the po ...

, 1967 (Terek trout) * ''

Salmo coruhensis ''Salmo coruhensis'' is a species of trout, a freshwater salmonid fish. It lives in streams flowing into the Black Sea, in Turkey Turkey ( tr, Türkiye ), officially the Republic of Türkiye ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, links=no ), is a l ...

'' Turan, Kottelat & Engin, 2010 (Çoruh river trout) * ''

Salmo danilewskii ''Salmo'' is a genus of ray-finned fish from the family Salmonidae. The single ''Salmo'' species naturally found in the Atlantic North America is the Atlantic salmon, whereas the salmon and trout of the Pacific basin belong to another genus, ...

'' (Gul'elmi, 1888) (Gokcha lake trout) * ''

Salmo dentex ''Salmo dentex'' is a variety of trout, a freshwater fish in the family Salmonidae, found in the western Balkans. Until recently the identity, biological distinctness and species status of the dentex trout were not properly clarified, but geneti ...

'' ( Heckel, 1851) (Zubatak trout) Salmo dentex

* ''

Salmo euphrataeus ''Salmo'' is a genus of ray-finned fish from the family Salmonidae. The single ''Salmo'' species naturally found in the Atlantic North America is the Atlantic salmon, whereas the salmon and trout of the Pacific basin belong to another genus, ''O ...

'' Turan, Kottelat & Engin, 2014 (Euphrates trout) * ''

Salmo ezenami ''Salmo ezenami'' is a critically endangered freshwater salmonid fish, endemic to Lake Kezenoi-Am (Lake Eizenam) in Northern Caucasus. The only native occurrence, in Lake Kezenoi-Am in Chechnya at the border of Dagestan, is in a cold alpine la ...

L. S. Berg Lev Semyonovich Berg, also known as Leo S. Berg (russian: Лев Семёнович Берг; 14 March 1876 – 24 December 1950) was a leading Russian geographer, biologist and ichthyologist who served as President of the Soviet Geographical S ...

, 1948 (Kezenoi-am trout) * ''

Salmo farioides ''Salmo farioides'', commonly known as the West Balkan trout, the Adriatic brown trout, or the Balkan brook trout, is a species of ray-finned fish found in the Balkans, including Albania, Croatia, North Macedonia, among others. It is an important ...

'' S. L. Karaman, 1938 (Balkan brook trout) * ''

Salmo ferox Ferox trout (''Salmo ferox'') is a variety of trout found in oligotrophic lakes/lochs of Ireland, England, Scotland and Wales. Ferox trout is a traditional name for large, piscivorous trout, which in Scotland feed largely on Arctic char. It has b ...

Jardine Jardine is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: * Al Jardine (born 1942), member of the Beach Boys * Alexander Jardine (Medal of Honor) (1874–1949), American Medal of Honor recipient * Antonio Jardine (born 1988), NCAA college ba ...

, 1835 (Ferox trout) * ''

Salmo fibreni ''Salmo fibreni'', or the Fibreno trout, is a freshwater salmonid fish, endemic to Lago di Posta Fibreno in central Italy. The size of Lago di Posta Fibreno is only 0.29 km². It is a narrow lake 1.1 km long, 100–300 m wide, situate ...

'' Zerunian &

Gandolfi Gandolfi is an Italian surname, from a Lombardic given name Gundulf. People named Gandolfi * Ubaldo Gandolfi (1728–1781), an Italian painter * Gaetano Gandolfi (1734–1802), an Italian painter * Mauro Gandolfi (1764–1834), an Italian painter a ...

, 1990 (Fibreno trout) * '' Salmo gegarkuni''

, 1877 (Gokcha trout) * ''

Salmo ischchan The Sevan trout (''Salmo ischchan'') is an endemic fish species of Lake Sevan in Armenia, known as ishkhan (իշխան, ) in Armenian. It is a salmonid fish related to the brown trout. The fish is endangered, because various competitors were in ...

'' Kessler, 1877 (Sevan trout) * ''

Salmo kottelati ''Salmo kottelati'' is a species of trout endemic to the Alakır Stream of Antalya Province in southern Turkey. It was previously considered part of '' Salmo macrostigma'' (''Salmo trutta macrostigma''). Etymology The fish is named in honor of S ...

'' Turan, Doğan,

Kaya Kaya may refer to: People *Kaya (given name) *Kaya (surname) Places *Kaya, Burkina Faso, a town in Burkina Faso, capital of the department * Kaya Airport, serving the town *Kaya Department, a department or commune of Sanmatenga Province in centr ...

, & Kanyılmaz, 2014 (Alakir trout) * ''

Salmo labecula ''Salmo'' is a genus of ray-finned fish from the family Salmonidae. The single ''Salmo'' species naturally found in the Atlantic North America is the Atlantic salmon, whereas the salmon and trout of the Pacific basin belong to another genus, '' ...

'' Turan, Kottelat & Engin, 2012 * ''

Salmo labrax The Black Sea salmon (''Salmo labrax'') is a fairly small species of salmon, at about long on average and rarely reaching over . It inhabits the northern Black Sea coasts and inflowing rivers. There are anadromous, lacustrine and resident river ...

Pallas Pallas may refer to: Astronomy * 2 Pallas asteroid ** Pallas family, a group of asteroids that includes 2 Pallas * Pallas (crater), a crater on Earth's moon Mythology * Pallas (Giant), a son of Uranus and Gaia, killed and flayed by Athena * Pal ...

, 1814 (Black Sea trout) * ''

Salmo letnica Ohrid trout or the Lake Ohrid brown trout
Balkan trout restoration group. Downloaded on 20 May 2010. (''Sal ...

'' (S. L. Karaman, 1924) (Pestani trout) * '' Salmo lourosensis'' Delling, 2011 (Louros trout) * ''

Salmo lumi ''Salmo lumi'' is a type of trout, a fish in the family Salmonidae. It is endemic to Lake Ohrid and its tributaries in Albania and North Macedonia. ''Salmo lumi'' is one of four different forms of the Ohrid trout complex within Lake Ohrid, a ...

'' G. D. Poljakov, Filipi, Basho & Hysenaj, 1958 (Lumi trout) * ''

Salmo macedonicus ''Salmo macedonicus'' is a species of fish in the family Salmonidae. It is found only in rivers in the upper Vardar river basin in North Macedonia. It is threatened by habitat loss. The taxonomic status of this fish is controversial.Georgie ...

'' (S. L. Karaman, 1924) (Macedonian trout) * ''

Salmo macrostigma ''Salmo macrostigma'' is a species of freshwater trout endemic to Algeria in northwest Africa. It can reach a length of TL. The name ''Salmo trutta macrostigma'' (or ''Salmo macrostigma'') has previously been used of many populations also in o ...

'' ( A. H. A. Duméril, 1858) (Maghreb trout) * ''

Salmo marmoratus ''Salmo marmoratus'', the marble trout, is a species of freshwater fish in the family Salmonidae. It is characterized by a distinctive marbled color pattern and high growth capacity. The marble trout is found in only a handful of drainages and r ...

'' G. Cuvier, 1829 (marble trout) * ''

Salmo montenigrinus ''Salmo'' is a genus of ray-finned fish from the family Salmonidae. The single ''Salmo'' species naturally found in the Atlantic North America is the Atlantic salmon, whereas the salmon and trout of the Pacific basin belong to another genus, ''O ...

'' (S. L. Karaman, 1933) (Montenegro trout) * '' Salmo multipunctata'' Doadrio,

Perea Perea or Peraea (Greek: Περαία, " the country beyond") was the portion of the kingdom of Herod the Great occupying the eastern side of the Jordan River valley, from about one third the way down the Jordan River segment connecting the Sea ...

& Yahyaoui, 2015 (Draa trout) Doadrio, I., Perea, S. & Yahyaoui, A. (2015): Two new species of atlantic trout (Actinopterygii, Salmonidae) from Morocco. ''Graellsia, 71 (2): e031.'' * ''

Salmo nigripinnis ''Salmo nigripinnis'', also known as the Sonaghen, is a species of fish within the family Salmoninae. Description ''Salmo nigripinnis'' can range in body colour from light brown to silver, with large black spots. Fins of the species are dark b ...

'' Günther, 1866 (Sonaghen trout) * ''

Salmo obtusirostris ''Salmo obtusirostris'', also known as the Adriatic trout, Adriatic salmon, and softmouth trout, is a species of salmonid fish endemic to the rivers of Western Balkans in southeastern Europe. The scientific name has changed several times thro ...

'' ( Heckel, 1851) ** '' S. o. krkensis'' (S. L. Karaman, 1927) (Krka softmouth trout) ** '' S. o. obtusirostris'' Heckel, 1851 (softmouth trout) ** '' S. o. oxyrhynchus'' (

Steindachner Franz Steindachner (11 November 1834 in Vienna – 10 December 1919 in Vienna) was an Austrian zoologist, ichthyologist, and herpetologist. He published over 200 papers on fishes and over 50 papers on reptiles and amphibians. Steindachner describ ...

, 1882) (Neretva softmouth trout) ** '' S. o. salonitana'' (S. L. Karaman, 1927) (Jadro softmouth trout) ** '' S. o. zetenzis'' ( Hadžišče, 1961) (Zeta softmouth trout) * ''

Salmo ohridanus ''Salmo ohridanus'', also known by the local name as the ''belvica'' in North Macedonia or ''belushka'' in Albania, is a species of freshwater salmonid fish, endemic to Lake Ohrid in Albania and North Macedonia.Salmo okumusi ''Salmo'' is a genus of ray-finned fish from the family Salmonidae. The single ''Salmo'' species naturally found in the Atlantic North America is the Atlantic salmon, whereas the salmon and trout of the Pacific basin belong to another genus, ...

'' Turan, Kottelat & Engin, 2014 (Western Euphrates trout) * ''

Salmo opimus ''Salmo opimus'' is a salmonid Salmonidae is a family of ray-finned fish that constitutes the only currently extant family in the order Salmoniformes . It includes salmon (both Atlantic and Pacific species), trout (both ocean-going and landl ...

'' Turan, Kottelat & Engin, 2012 *

† A dagger, obelisk, or obelus is a typographical mark that usually indicates a footnote if an asterisk has already been used. The symbol is also used to indicate death (of people) or extinction (of species). It is one of the modern descendan ...

Salmo pallaryi The Lake Sidi Ali trout (''Salmo pallaryi'') is an extinct species of salmonid fish that inhabited a single lake in the Atlas mountains of northern Morocco, at higher than 2000 metres elevation. It went extinct in the 1930s, probably because o ...

'' Pellegrin, 1924 (Sidi Ali trout) * ''

Salmo pelagonicus ''Salmo'' is a genus of ray-finned fish from the family Salmonidae. The single ''Salmo'' species naturally found in the Atlantic North America is the Atlantic salmon, whereas the salmon and trout of the Pacific basin belong to another genus, ''O ...

'' S. L. Karaman, 1938 (Pelagonian trout) * '' Salmo pellegrini'' F. Werner, 1931 (Tensift trout) * ''

Salmo peristericus ''Salmo peristericus'', or the Prespa troutKoutseri I et al. (2010Species Action Plan for the Endemic Prespa Trout, ''Salmo peristericus'': A Conservation Toolwww.balwois.com is a variety of trout, a freshwater fish in the family Salmonidae. It i ...

'' S. L. Karaman, 1938 (Prespa trout) * '' Salmo platycephalus'' Behnke, 1968 (flathead trout) * ''

Salmo rhodanensis ''Salmo rhodanensis'', or the Rhône trout, is a salmonid fish, a putative species of trout resident in the Rhône river drainage in France and Switzerland. It was previously considered as belonging to ''Salmo trutta The brown trout (''Salmo ...

'' Fowler, 1974 (Rhône trout) * ''

Salmo rizeensis ''Salmo'' is a genus of ray-finned fish from the family Salmonidae. The single ''Salmo'' species naturally found in the Atlantic North America is the Atlantic salmon, whereas the salmon and trout of the Pacific basin belong to another genus, '' ...

'' Turan, Kottelat & Engin, 2010 (Rize River trout) * ''

Salmo salar The Atlantic salmon (''Salmo salar'') is a species of ray-finned fish in the family Salmonidae. It is the third largest of the Salmonidae, behind Siberian taimen and Pacific Chinook salmon, growing up to a meter in length. Atlantic salmon are ...

(Atlantic salmon) Salmo salar flipped

* ''

Salmo schiefermuelleri ''Salmo schiefermuelleri'' is a designation for populations of trout in some subalpine lakes of Austria, whose taxonomical status is however unclear and which are suspected to be extinct. In their ''Handbook of European Freshwater Fishes'' (2 ...

Bloch Bloch is a surname of German origin. Notable people with this surname include: A–F * (1859-1914), French rabbi * Adele Bloch-Bauer (1881-1925), Austrian entrepreneur * Albert Bloch (1882–1961), American painter * (born 1972), German motor jour ...

, 1784 (Austrian Lakes trout) Cuvier-102-truite de mer

* ''

Salmo stomachicus Gillaroo (''Salmo stomachicus''}; historically included in ) is a variety of trout which eats primarily snails and is only proven to inhabit Lough Melvin in Ireland. The name gillaroo is derived from the Irish for "red fellow" (); this is due ...

'' Günther, 1866 (Gillaroo trout) Les poissons Salmo stomachicus

* ''

Salmo taleri ''Salmo'' is a genus of ray-finned fish from the family Salmonidae. The single ''Salmo'' species naturally found in the Atlantic North America is the Atlantic salmon, whereas the salmon and trout of the Pacific basin belong to another genus, ...

'' (S. L. Karaman, 1933) (Zeta trout) * '' Salmo tigridis'' Turan, Kottelat & Bektaş, 2011 (Upper Tigris trout) * ''

Salmo trutta The brown trout (''Salmo trutta'') is a European species of salmonid fish that has been widely introduced into suitable environments globally. It includes purely freshwater populations, referred to as the riverine ecotype, ''Salmo trutta'' Morph ...

** '' S. t. aralensis''

, 1908 (Aral trout) ** '' S. t. fario''

(brown trout) ** '' S. t. lacustris''

(lake trout) ** '' S. t. oxianus''

, 1874 (Amu-Darya trout) ** '' S. t. trutta''

(sea trout) * ''

Salmo viridis ''Salmo'' is a genus of ray-finned fish from the family Salmonidae. The single ''Salmo'' species naturally found in the Atlantic North America is the Atlantic salmon, whereas the salmon and trout of the Pacific basin belong to another genus, ...

'' Doadrio,

& Yahyaoui, 2015 (green trout)

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q310436 Extant Miocene first appearances Ray-finned fish genera Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus