The Sakmara (russian: Сакмара; ba, Һаҡмар, Haqmar) is a

river A river is a natural flowing watercourse, usually freshwater Fresh water or freshwater is any naturally occurring liquid or frozen water containing low concentrations of dissolved salts and other total dissolved solids. Although the ...

Russia Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. It is the largest country in the world, with its internationally recognised territory covering , and encompassing one-eigh ...

that drains the southern tip of the Ural Mountains south into the river

Ural Ural may refer to: *Ural (region), in Russia and Kazakhstan *Ural Mountains, in Russia and Kazakhstan *Ural (river), in Russia and Kazakhstan *Ual (tool), a mortar tool used by the Bodo people of India *Ural Federal District, in Russia *Ural econo ...

. It is long, and has a drainage basin of . It is a right

tributary A tributary, or affluent, is a stream or river that flows into a larger stream or main stem (or parent) river or a lake. A tributary does not flow directly into a sea or ocean. Tributaries and the main stem river drain the surrounding drainag ...

of the Ural, which it meets in Orenburg. The source of the Sakmara is in the

Republic of Bashkortostan The Republic of Bashkortostan or Bashkortostan ( ba, Башҡортостан Республикаһы, Bashqortostan Respublikahy; russian: Республика Башкортостан, Respublika Bashkortostan),; russian: Респу́блик� ...

. Other towns along the Sakmara are

Yuldybayevo Yuldybayevo (russian: Юлдыбаево; ba, Юлдыбай, ''Yuldıbay'') is a rural locality (a village) in Abzanovsky Selsoviet, Zianchurinsky District, Bashkortostan The Republic of Bashkortostan or Bashkortostan ( ba, Башҡортос� ...

(Bashkortostan),

Kuvandyk Kuvandyk ( ba, Ҡыуандыҡ; kk, Қуандық, Qwandıq; russian: Куванды́к, Kuvandyk) is a town in Orenburg Oblast, Russia, located on the Sakmara River at the southern end of the Ural Mountains, east of Orenburg, the administrat ...

, and

railway station Rail transport (also known as train transport) is a means of transport that transfers passengers and goods on wheeled vehicles running on rails, which are incorporated in Track (rail transport), tracks. In contrast to road transport, where the ...

Saraktash Saraktash (russian: Саракташ) is a rural locality (a '' settlement'') and the administrative center of Saraktashsky District, Orenburg Oblast, Russia Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a transcontinental country spanni ...

close to the

Wozdwizhenskaya Fortress Wozdwizhenskaya Fortress (1742) on the Sakmara River was the second fort built as a part of Sakmara Distance by Ivan Neplyuyev during his governance of the Orenburg Commission. It was located on the Sakmara River, southeast of Orenburg, west of ...

(Orenburg Oblast). It rises in the southern

Ural Mountains The Ural Mountains ( ; rus, Ура́льские го́ры, r=Uralskiye gory, p=ʊˈralʲskʲɪjə ˈɡorɨ; ba, Урал тауҙары) or simply the Urals, are a mountain range that runs approximately from north to south through western ...

about west-southwest of

Magnitogorsk Magnitogorsk ( rus, Магнитого́рск, p=məɡnʲɪtɐˈɡorsk, ) is an industrial city in Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russia, located on the eastern side of the extreme southern extent of the Ural Mountains by the Ural River. Its populat ...

and flows south through a valley with some canyon development. At Kuvandyk it swings west, leaves the mountains and flows west parallel to the Ural River with many meanders for about (straight-line distance) before turning south to meet the Ural. Major tributaries are the Salmysh and the

Bolshoy Ik The Bolshoy Ik (russian: Большой Ик, literally ''Greater Ik''; ba, Оло Ыйыҡ, ''Olo Iyıq'') is a tributary of the Sakmara, which flows south from the southern end of the Ural Mountains in Bashkortostan and Orenburg Oblast, Russ ...

, both from the north.Сакмара

Great Soviet Encyclopedia The ''Great Soviet Encyclopedia'' (GSE; ) is one of the largest Russian-language encyclopedias, published in the Soviet Union from 1926 to 1990. After 2002, the encyclopedia's data was partially included into the later ''Bolshaya rossiyskaya e ...

The

Sakmarian In the geologic timescale, the Sakmarian is an age or stage of the Permian. It is a subdivision of the Cisuralian Epoch or Series. The Sakmarian lasted between 293.52 and million years ago (Ma). It was preceded by the Asselian and followed b ...

Age of the

Permian The Permian ( ) is a geologic period and stratigraphic system which spans 47 million years from the end of the Carboniferous Period million years ago (Mya), to the beginning of the Triassic Period 251.9 Mya. It is the last period of the Pale ...

Period of geological time is named for the Sakmara River.

References

Rivers of Bashkortostan Rivers of Orenburg Oblast Ural basin {{Russia-river-stub