The Sakmara (; , Haqmar) is a
river
A river is a natural stream of fresh water that flows on land or inside Subterranean river, caves towards another body of water at a lower elevation, such as an ocean, lake, or another river. A river may run dry before reaching the end of ...
in
Russia
Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders ...
that drains the southern tip of the Ural Mountains south into the river
Ural. It is long, and has a
drainage basin
A drainage basin is an area of land in which all flowing surface water converges to a single point, such as a river mouth, or flows into another body of water, such as a lake or ocean. A basin is separated from adjacent basins by a perimeter, ...
of .
It is a right
tributary
A tributary, or an ''affluent'', is a stream or river that flows into a larger stream (''main stem'' or ''"parent"''), river, or a lake. A tributary does not flow directly into a sea or ocean. Tributaries, and the main stem river into which they ...
of the Ural, which it meets in
Orenburg
Orenburg (, ), formerly known as Chkalov (1938–1957), is the administrative center of Orenburg Oblast, Russia. It lies in Eastern Europe, along the banks of the Ural River, being approximately southeast of Moscow.
Orenburg is close to the ...
. The source of the Sakmara is in the
Republic of Bashkortostan
Bashkortostan, officially the Republic of Bashkortostan, sometimes also called Bashkiria, is a Republics of Russia, republic of Russia between the Volga, Volga river and the Ural Mountains in Eastern Europe. The republic borders Perm Krai to th ...
. Other towns along the Sakmara are
Yuldybayevo (Bashkortostan),
Kuvandyk, and the
railway station
Rail transport (also known as train transport) is a means of transport using wheeled vehicles running in railway track, tracks, which usually consist of two parallel steel railway track, rails. Rail transport is one of the two primary means of ...
Saraktash close to the 18th-century
Wozdwizhenskaya Fortress (Orenburg Oblast).
The Sakmara rises in the southern
Ural Mountains
The Ural Mountains ( ),; , ; , or simply the Urals, are a mountain range in Eurasia that runs north–south mostly through Russia, from the coast of the Arctic Ocean to the river Ural (river), Ural and northwestern Kazakhstan. about west-southwest of
Magnitogorsk
Magnitogorsk ( rus, Магнитого́рск, p=məɡnʲɪtɐˈɡorsk, ) is an industrial city in Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russia, on the eastern side of the extreme southern extent of the Ural Mountains by the Ural River. Its population is curre ...
and flows south through a valley with some canyon development. At
Kuvandyk it swings west, leaves the mountains, and flows west parallel to the Ural River with many meanders for about (straight-line distance) before turning south to meet the Ural. Major tributaries are the
Salmysh and the
Bolshoy Ik
The Bolshoy Ik (, literally ''Greater Ik''; , ''Olo Iyıq'') is a tributary of the Sakmara, which flows south from the southern end of the Ural Mountains in Bashkortostan and Orenburg Oblast, Russia. The Bolshoy Ik flows into the Sakmara at ...
, both from the north, with the latter joining the Sakmara near
Saraktash.
Сакмара
Great Soviet Encyclopedia
The ''Great Soviet Encyclopedia'' (GSE; , ''BSE'') is one of the largest Russian-language encyclopedias, published in the Soviet Union from 1926 to 1990. After 2002, the encyclopedia's data was partially included into the later ''Great Russian Enc ...
The Sakmarian Age of the Permian
The Permian ( ) is a geologic period and System (stratigraphy), stratigraphic system which spans 47 million years, from the end of the Carboniferous Period million years ago (Mya), to the beginning of the Triassic Period 251.902 Mya. It is the s ...
Period of geological time is named for the Sakmara River.
References
Rivers of Bashkortostan
Rivers of Orenburg Oblast
Ural basin
{{South-Russia-river-stub