Safer Cities Initiative
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The Safer Cities Initiative is an initiative to reduce crime in
Skid Row, Los Angeles Skid Row is a neighborhood in Downtown Los Angeles. The area is officially known as Central City East. As of a 2019 count, the population of the district was 8,757. Skid Row contains one of the largest stable populations (about 9,200–15,000 ...
. While the initiative prominently resulted in heightened police enforcement in Skid Row, it had other facets including prosecuting hospitals who dumped poor patients at Skid Row, as well as services like tree trimming.


History

Skid Row, Los Angeles Skid Row is a neighborhood in Downtown Los Angeles. The area is officially known as Central City East. As of a 2019 count, the population of the district was 8,757. Skid Row contains one of the largest stable populations (about 9,200–15,000 ...
had a high rate of crime compared to other regions of the city. In 2005,
Los Angeles Police Department The Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD), officially known as the City of Los Angeles Police Department, is the municipal Police, police department of Los Angeles, California. With 9,974 police officers and 3,000 civilian staff, it is the thir ...
undertook a pilot program called "Main Street Pilot Project", seeking to reduce the density of homeless encampments in Skid Row. The Safer Cities Initiative was officially announced on September 24, 2006 by Los Angeles mayor
Antonio Villaraigosa Antonio Ramón Villaraigosa (; né Villar Jr.; born January 23, 1953) is an American politician who served as the 41st Mayor of Los Angeles from 2005 to 2013. A member of the Democratic Party, Villaraigosa was a national co-chairman of Hillary ...
. Fifty officers were hired for the Safer Cities Initiative Task Force, which focused on an area less than . It evolved from the
broken windows theory In criminology, the broken windows theory states that visible signs of crime, anti-social behavior and civil disorder create an urban environment that encourages further crime and disorder, including serious crimes. The theory suggests that p ...
of crime. Other counterparts across the US were mass drug arrests in Tulia, Texas and removing homeless people from public spaces in Seattle.


Results


Enforcement action and effect on crime rates

In the first year of the SCI, 12,000 citations were issued, the majority for pedestrian violations. About 750 arrests were made each month, 55% of which were drug-related offenses Few arrests were for serious violent crimes like homicide (1 arrest), robbery (8 arrests), aggravated assault (13 arrests), or rape (no arrests). Analysis of crime trends in Skid Row showed several changes in nuisance crime, property crime, or
violent crime A violent crime, violent felony, crime of violence or crime of a violent nature is a crime in which an offender or perpetrator uses or threatens to use harmful force upon a victim. This entails both crimes in which the violent act is the object ...
. Nuisance crime decreased in the target area, but also decreased in other areas. The impact of the SCI therefore had a small impact on the level of nuisance crime. Similarly, while property and violent crime decreased in Skid Row, it also declined in the city as a whole. Some evidence suggested a gradual downward trend in property and violent crime in Skid Row that could be attributed to the SCI.


Cost

SCI was criticized for its costs. It cost $6 million annually just for personnel costs for the fifty officers. This was more than the city's annual budget ($5.6 million) for all homeless shelters and services. With each arrest costing Los Angeles about $4,300, SCI arrests cost the city $118 million by 2009.


Social impact

The executive director of LAMP Community, a nonprofit in Skid Row that works on issues and services for homeless people, criticized SCI, saying the entire premise was "to invest enormous police resources into very, very petty things, which are really a consequence of someone's illness or a consequence of having to survive on the streets." The Los Angeles Community Action Network called for an end to the Initiative in 2010 with petitions and a report, saying that it resulted in human rights violations for residents of Skid Row, many of whom expressed that they did not feel safe from police violence and harassment. Sociologist
Alex S. Vitale Alex S. Vitale is an American author and professor of sociology at Brooklyn College. He is also the coordinator of the Policing and Social Justice Project at Brooklyn College. His writing has appeared in the ''New York Times'', ''The Nation'', '' ...
criticized the SCI and said it should not be replicated in other cities due to its failure to reduce homelessness prevalence, its high cost, and its modest effect on crime reduction. Because monetary fines were levied against people without the means to pay them, the citations turned into arrest warrants. In a fourteen-month period, 1,200 people were arrested in the SCI targeted area for unpaid citations. Vitale also noted that targeting drug offenses also caused a cascade of other effects. Though a majority of drug distribution charges from the SCI involved quantities of drugs valued at less than $20, conviction on drug distribution charges has consequences such as permanent ineligibility for public housing, federal financial aid for college, food stamps, federal job training programs, and
Temporary Assistance for Needy Families Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF ) is a federal assistance program of the United States. It began on July 1, 1997, and succeeded the Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) program, providing cash assistance to indigent A ...
(welfare). Drug-related convictions also make it more challenging for people to find employment and support themselves. Skid Row residents became "copwise" through their numerous interactions with law enforcement via the SCI, becoming more skillful at avoiding officers' attention. Residents also implemented a Community Watch to document police officer behavior, or "police the police". Resistance strategies against some of these policing tactics eventually resulted in a legal injunction that prevented routine confiscation of property by law enforcement.


References

{{reflist Law enforcement operations in the United States Los Angeles Police Department History of Los Angeles