Sadyba

Sadyba is a neighbourhood, and an area of the City Information System, in Warsaw, Poland, within the district of Mokotów. It is a residential area with low-rise single-family housing in the south and high-rise multifamily housing in the north.

In 1887, there was built the Fort IX, as part of the series of fortifications surrounding the city, and the area was incorporated into Warsaw in 1916. Throughout the 1920s, within the area were developed single-family housing neighbourhoods of Sadyba and Garden City of Czrniaków. In the 1970s, in the neighbourhood were developed high-rise apartment buildings. In 2000, there was opened the Sadyba Best Mall, one of the oldest shopping centres in Poland.

History

In 1887, the Fort IX was opened to the south of the village of Czerniaków, on Powsińska Street. It was constructed by the Russian Imperial Army, as part of the Warsaw Fortress, a series of fortifications surrounding the city. It was decommissioned and partially deconstructed in 1913. Additionally, to the west was also built the Fort Che, with remains of its moat, now forming a small pond within Sadyba, known as Bernardyńska Woda.Lech Królikowski: ''Twierdza Warszawa''. Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Bellona, 2002, pp. 237–238, ISBN 83-11-09356-3. (in Polish)

In 1907, at 44/46 Powsińska Street was founded the Czerniaków Cemetery.Karol Mórawski: ''Warszawskie cmentarze. Przewodnik historyczny''. Warsaw: PTTK Kraj, 1991, pp. 59–61. ISBN 83-7005-333-5. (in Polish)

On 8 April 1916, the area was incorporated into the city of Warsaw, becoming part of the district of Mokotów.

In 1919, a series of single-family houses were constructed alongside Gorczerwska Street, stretching between Czerniaków Lake and Posińska Street. In the early 1920s, in the area of Czerniaków Lake was developed a neighbourhood of villas, called the Garden City of Czerniaków (). It was designed following the garden city movement, and later there were also built houses inspired by Polish manor houses from the 18th and 19th centuries.

Between 1924 and 1928, around the Fort IX, and with its outer boundary marked by Okrężna Street, was constructed the neighbourhood of Sadyba. It consisted of detached and semi-detached single-family houses. It was developed by the Sadyba Officer Construction and Housing Association (), founded in 1923 by officers of the General Staff of the Polish Armed Forces, with major Władysław Kuntz and general Józef Zając at its helm. First residents moved in in 1926, which included families of 28 initiators of the neighbourhood, and numerous officers of the Polish Armed Forces, including veterans of the First World War and the Polish–Soviet War. In 1933 was founded the Association of the Friends of Garden City of Czerniaków, which was given the ownership of the Fort IX by the city. In 1936, the remains of the fortifications on the eastern side of Powsińska Street were destroyed, with the area being developed into a park, later named Szczubełek Park in 1993.

During the siege of Warsaw in the Second World War, the Fort IX was used as defensive position by the Polish Land Forces, including the 2nd Battalion of the 360th Infantry Regiment and other volunteers. The fortification was attacked by the Wehrmacht on 26 September 1939, and following heavy fighting, captured after its defenders capitulated. During the Warsaw Uprising, the fort was abandoned by German soldiers on 7 August 1944, used by the Oasis Battalion of the Polish resistance. On 1 September, Sadyga was attacked by German forces, greatly outnumbering Polish defenders. On that day, a bomb was dropped from a plane onto the fort, killing leader of Oasis Battalion, Czesław Szczubełek, and 24 others members. The neighbourhood was captured the next day. It survived the conflict with almost no destruction to its buildings.

In 1969, at 61/63 Powsińska Street, the new headquarters of the Institute of Food and Nutrition was opened."Kronika wydarzeń w Warszawie 1 VII–30 IX 1969", ''Kronika Warszawy'', no. 2 (70), p. 139. Warsaw, 1970. (in Polish)

Beginning in 1969, throughout the 1970s, between Św. Bonifacego, Powsińska, Idzikowskiego, and Jana III Sobieskiego Streets, was developed a large residential neighbourhood of Sadyba, with high-rise multifamily housing, built with large-panel-system technique.Lech Chmielewski: ''Przewodnik warszawski. Gawęda o nowej Warszawie''. Warsaw: Agencja Omnipress, 1987, p. 68. ISBN 9788385028567. (in POlish) The undeveloped area in its middle, between Limanowskiego, Konstancińska, Jaszowiecka, and Spalska Streets became a recreational area, later named the Dygat Park in 2009.

In 1985, at 16 Goraszewska Street, was built the Catholic St. Thaddeus the Apostle Church.Grzegorz Kalwarczyk: ''Przewodnik po parafiach i kościołach Archidiecezji Warszawskiej. Tom 2. Parafie warszawskie''. Warsaw: Oficyna Wydawniczo-Poligraficzna Adam, 2015, p. 540. ISBN 978-83-7821-118-1. (in Polish)

In 1993, in Fort IX were opened two museums, the Museum of Polish Military Technology, and the Katyń Museum.S. Łagowski: ''Szlakiem twierdz i ufortyfikowanych przedmości''. Pruszków: Oficyna Wydawnicza Ajaks, 2005. ISBN 83-88773-96-8. (in Polish) The latter was moved to the Warsaw Citadel in 2009.

The same year, the original architecture of the neighbourhood of Sadyba was placed onto the national heritage list.

In 1997, Mokotów was subdivided into twelve areas of the City Information System, a municipal standardized system of street signage, with Sadyba becoming one of them. The same year was established the administrative neighbourhood of Sadyba, ruled by an elected local council, with boundaries determined by Witosa Avenue, Czerniakowska, Powsińska, Bonifacego, and Jana III Sobieskiego Streets.

In 2000, at 31 Powsińska Street was opened the Sadyba Best Mall, one of the oldest shopping centres in Poland, and the first to offer the IMAX cinema.

In 2005, at the corner of Powsińska and Okrężna was placed a bronze sculpture by Jarosław Urbański, titled ''The Locomotive''. It depicts a small steam-powered locomotive, commemorating the Wilanów Railway line, which crossed the neighbourhood at the turn of the 20th century.

In 2013, a small garden square at the corner of Powsińska and Okrężna Street , was named the Armenian Square, to celebrate Armenian minority in Poland. There was placed a khachkar, a traditional Armenian memorial stone sculpture bearing a cross. There were also planted 18 oak trees, dedicated in memorial to officers of the Polish Armed Forces from Sadyba, that were murdered in the Katyn massacre.

Overview

Sadyba is a residential area. To the south of Św. Bonifacego Street, it features low-rise single-family housing with detached and semi-detached houses, some dating to the 1920s. To the north, it has high-rise multifamily housing with large-panel-system apparent buildings, most dating to the 1970s. At 31 Powsińska Street stands the Sadyba Best Mall shopping centre.

At Powsińska Street is placed the Fort IX, a 19th-century decommissioned fortification, now housing the Museum of Polish Military Technology. Around it are located two urban parks, the Szczubełek Park to the east, and the Armenian Square to the north. The latter includes the 18 oak trees, dedicated in memorial to officers of the Polish Armed Forces from Sadyba, that were murdered in the Katyn massacre. Additionally, further to the north, the neighbourhood also includes the Dygat Park placed between Limanowskiego, Konstancińska, Jaszowiecka, and Spalska Streets. Additionally, at the corner of Powsińska and Okrężna stands a bronze sculpture by Jarosław Urbański, titled ''The Locomotive'', depicting a small steam-powered locomotive, and commemorating the Wilanów Railway line, which crossed the neighbourhood at the turn of the 20th century.

At 16 Goraszewska Street stands the Catholic St. Thaddeus the Apostle Church. Additionally, at 44/46 Powsińska Street is located the Czerniaków Cemetery.

In the north next to Idzikowskiego Street is placed Bernardyńska Woda, a pond formed from the remains of a moat of the nearby Fort Che, dating to the 1880s.

To the east, the neighbourhood also borders the Czerniaków Lake, which, together with the surrounding area, has the status of a nature reserve.Czesław Łaszek, Bożenna Sendzielska: ''Chronione obiekty przyrodnicze województwa stołecznego warszawskiego''. Warsaw: Centralny Ośrodek Informacji Turystycznej, 1989, p. 67. ISBN 83-00-02272-4. (in Polish) With an area of 19.5 ha, it is the largest water lake in Warsaw.Barbara Petrozolin-Skowrońska (editor): ''Encyklopedia Warszawy'', Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, 1994, p. 296. ISBN 83-01-08836-2. (in Polish) It is also a bathing lake with a beach, the only one in the city with such legal status.

Additionally, at 61/63 Powsińska Street, are placed the headquarters of the Institute of Food and Nutrition.

References

External links

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{{Neighbourhoods of Mokotów

Neighbourhoods of Mokotów
Garden suburbs
Populated places established in 1926
1926 establishments in Poland